张北-尚义地震前的地下流体异常及其跟踪预报

张北－尚义地震前华北北部地区存在为期两年以上的地下流体高值中期异常;近一年来该区地下流体异常此起彼落并与某些中等或中强地震活动遥相呼应;震前两个月距震中１００～２００ｋｍ的地区出现典型的地下流体短临异常。两年来跟踪上述异常,不断修正对震情形势的认识,震前半个月做出较为成功的短临预报     

张北—尚义地震前的地下流体异常及跟踪预报

张北－尚义地震前华北北部地区存在为期两年以上的地下流体高值中期异常;近一年来该区地下流体异常比起彼浇并与某些中等或中强地震活动遥相呼应;震前两个月距震中１００￣２００ｋｍ的地区出现典型的地下流体短临异常。两年来跟踪上述异常,不断修正对震情形势的认识,震前半个月做出较为成功的短临预报。     

2012年宁蒗5．7级地震的震兆和前兆异常特征

2012年6月24日宁蒗5．7级地震发生前,地震活动性存在中期异常,地下流体存在中短临异常。地震活动性方面存在滇西地区5级以上地震东西迁移规律性活动、滇西地区4级以上地震成条带分布和程海断裂发生4级窗口地震等中期震兆异常。水氡、固体二氧化碳、水温和流量存在中短临前兆异常。地下流体前兆中期、短期和短临阶段都出现同步性异常。     

张家口Ms4.2地震前的地下流体异常

１９９７年５月２５日张家口ＭＳ４．２地震是１９９７年上半年首都圈地区发生的显地震,虽然该地震震级不高,但地下流体的短临异常十分显。作主要介绍了该地震前地下水流体短临异常的特征高此得到的科学启示 。     

2008年8月30日新疆和静5.6级地震地下流体短临异常分析

介绍了2008年8月30日新疆和静5.6级地震的发震构造,分析了2008年6月以来天山中东段地区地下流体部分监测点短临异常情况。研究认为该地区地下流体前兆异常分布特点可能与本次地震的破裂方向有关。     

强地震前地下流体趋势异常的再探讨

重新探讨了强地震前地下流体趋势异常,获得了一些认识：地下流体异常不一定存在完整的趋势、短期和短临等异常类型,但趋势异常普遍存在;地下流体特别是地下水位的趋势性异常,其开始时的形态不一定为缓慢变化;地下流体趋势异常不一定具有时空转移特征;地下流体趋势异常可能为“共同前兆”.     

川西地下流体化学组分观测与中强震关系

研究川西地下流体化学各观测组分的异常特征及其与中强震的对应关系发现四川及邻区5.5级以上中强地震前1～2年,均能观测到地下流体化学层次跟踪方法发生异常;在观测台点较多的地区,中强地震前1年时间内,可观测到2个以上台项地下流体化学形态异常及短临异常;地下流体化学异常与地震的对应关系较好;地下流体化学异常台项比在很大程度上受震中附近水化观测台项多少及其台点分布均匀与否的影响,其大小往往不能客观反映川西地下流体化学异常与地震对应关系.     

乌鲁木齐地震活动区的地下水汞测量

对新疆地下流体中的汞量进行测试的结果表明，震前水汞变化明显，异常幅度大，突跳至发震时间短，是短临预报灵敏项目。开展地下流体中的汞测量为新疆水化短临预报地震研究开创了新局面。     

山西临猗-永济5.0级地震前的地下流体异常

1998年 7月 1 1日山西临猗—永济之间发生 ML5.0地震 ,震前在晋陕豫交界地区存在水位、水氡、溶解氢气、氦气、气体总量及逸出氦气、氢气等多项地下流体异常。总结分析了该次地震前地下流体短临异常特征 ,并从中得到一些启示和新的认识     

对地震地下流体学科研究与发展问题的思考

依据地下流体存在趋势性异常和短临异常的基本观测事实, 提出“应力-应变效应说与水诱发异常说并重”的地下流体地震预报研究的科学思路。按照这一思路, 对地震地下流体观测的布网与选井原则提出了新的补充意见; 认为降水及其相关的地表水、地下水及大范围抽水等是地形变、地应变、地应力、水化及地电阻率等多种前兆异常产生的调制与诱发因素, 因而需要对原来的干扰因素的内涵作修正; 对地下流体前兆异常做了新定义及主要特征的归纳; 对于今后的工作, 提出了加强对地下流体短临前兆异常重现性的研究、加强对浅层地下流体的调制与诱发作用的研究以及积极促进地震地下流体学与其他相关学科的交叉与融合等建议。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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