西藏措勤—申扎地层分区二叠系敌布错组的建立及其特征

敌布错组为1∶25万措勤区幅区域地质调查首次发现并建立的岩石地层单位。该组角度不整合于下二叠统下拉组之上,盛产冈瓦纳—华夏混合植物群化石,岩性组合呈现灰色复陆屑建造的特点,厚度大于830m。层型剖面位于西藏措勤县江让乡敌布错北缘(E84°46',N30°51')。2001年夏经专家实地考查确认,该剖面已完全具备建组条件。此套岩石组合的发现为进一步完善冈底斯构造带古生代地层系统提供了新的资料。     

西藏措勤县敌布错地区“下拉组”中发现晚三叠世诺利期高舟牙形石

首次在措勤县江让乡敌布错地区"下拉组"中发现了晚三叠世诺利阶的高舟牙形石.这表明在该地区下拉组中至少有一部分是以前没有被识别出的晚三叠世诺利阶地层,这套地层暂时命名为江让组.更重要的是,剖面中江让组之上含植物化石的碎屑岩地层可能是区域上广泛分布的敌布错组.江让组高舟牙形石的发现对敌布错组及其所含植物群的时代提出了质疑.     

西藏措勤县敌布错地区“下拉组“中发现晚三叠世诺利期高舟牙形石

首次在措勤县江让乡敌布错地区“下拉组“中发现了晚三叠世诺利阶的高舟牙形石.这表明在该地区下拉组中至少有一部分是以前没有被识别出的晚三叠世诺利阶地层,这套地层暂时命名为江让组.更重要的是,剖面中江让组之上含植物化石的碎屑岩地层可能是区域上广泛分布的敌布错组.江让组高舟牙形石的发现对敌布错组及其所含植物群的时代提出了质疑.     

西藏措勤县敌布错地区“下拉组”中发现晚三叠世诺利期高舟牙形石

首次在措勤县江让乡敌布错地区“下拉组”中发现了晚三叠世诺利阶的高舟牙形石。这表明在该地区下拉组中至少有一部分是以前没有被识别出的晚三叠世诺利阶地层,这套地层暂时命名为江让组。更重要的是,剖面中江让组之上含植物化石的碎屑岩地层可能是区域上广泛分布的敌布错组。江让组高舟牙形石的发现对敌布错组及其所含植物群的时代提出了质疑。     

西藏措勤曲洛地区新发现侏罗纪地层

在西藏措勤县曲洛乡门缸错地区发现了侏罗纪地层,详细描述了实测的侏罗系剖面,将该套地层暂时命名为曲洛组。讨论了该组的岩石组合特征和沉积环境,认为主要为一套海陆过渡三角洲—滨岸泻湖相沉积。根据曲洛组中的双壳化石、古植物及孢粉组合特征将这套地层的时代确定为早侏罗世。措勤地区下侏罗统的发现为区域地质构造演化研究和矿产资源勘查提供了新资料。     

西藏措勤曲洛地区新发现侏罗纪地层

在西藏措勤县曲洛乡门缸错地区发现了侏罗纪地层,详细描述了实测的侏罗系剖面,将该套地层暂时命名为曲洛组。讨论了该组的岩石组合特征和沉积环境,认为主要为一套海陆过渡三角洲—滨岸泻湖相沉积。根据曲洛组中的双壳化石、古植物及孢粉组合特征将这套地层的时代确定为早侏罗世。措勤地区下侏罗统的发现为区域地质构造演化研究和矿产资源勘查提供了新资料。     

西藏措勤-申扎地层分区新建中--上侏罗统仁多组

在西藏措勤西部昂拉仁错南部新发现一套侏罗纪地层，其岩性和古生物组合特征均不同于邻区侏罗系。通过详细的层型剖面测制和对比研究，将其新建为组级岩石地层单位——仁多组。指定并详细描述了正层型剖面，讨论了仁多组的岩石组合特征、地层接触关系、基本层序和沉积环境。根据仁多组的生物化石组合及其地层分布建立了2个生物组合带，并确定仁多组下段与中-上段分属为中、上侏罗统。仁多组的建立为认识区域地层系统及地质演化提供了新资料。     

关于藏北改则地区夏岗江植物群及其地层时代的修订意见

在20世纪80年代,关于藏北改则县夏岗江雪山地区的夏岗江植物群及其所在的坚扎弄组曾存在着早二叠世和晚二叠世2种不同的时代意见。2002年,敌布错组发现后,古植物学家认为敌布错组和坚扎弄组的植物化石面貌相同或相似,同属于夏岗江植物群。由于敌布错组被认为不整合覆盖在中二叠世下拉组之上,因此,地质学家认为敌布错组、坚扎弄组及其所含的夏岗江植物群的时代为晚二叠世。然而,最近敌布错组之下的所谓的下拉组中发现了早三叠世—晚三叠世的牙形石,同时在坚扎弄组和敌布错组中发现了晚三叠世—早中侏罗世的孢粉化石,因此,夏岗江植物群及其所在地层的时代不是原来认为的晚二叠世,而是晚三叠世—早、中侏罗世。     

西藏冈底斯西段措勤地区三叠纪牙形石生物地层特征

西藏措勤县江让乡敌布错北缘的碳酸盐岩地层原来认为是中二叠世"下拉组",然而,最新的牙形石生物地层学研究否定了这种认识。在这套碳酸盐岩地层中识别出了三叠纪的4个牙形石带(组合带),即:Neogondolella carinata带、Neospathodus triangularis-Ns.homeri组合带、Chiosella timorensis带、Paragondolella inclinata-Pg.polygnathiformis组合带。牙形石动物群的对比研究表明,新建的嘎仁错组的时代为早三叠世印度期至中三叠世拉丁期末期,珠龙组采样层段的时代为中三叠世拉丁期末期至晚三叠世卡尼期的早期。     

1∶25万土则岗日幅、托和平错幅地质调查成果与进展

地层古生物方面,(1)建立和重新厘定了8个群级、24个组级及多个非正式(岩石)地层单位和填图单位;(2)在雅西尔沟一带,将泥盆系厘定为兽形湖组和拉竹龙组;(3)万泉河北部一带的原泥盆系雅西尔群,依据化石成果被重新厘定为下三叠统,并新建万泉河群;(4)发现下白垩统铁隆滩群与上侏罗统松木西错群等角度不整合接触关系;(5)新近系康托组角度不整合于下伏地层之上,在康托组一、二段间发现角度不整合接触关系;(6)初步将羌塘地层区原划分的前泥盆系阿木岗群改为石炭-二叠系;(7)初步查明了霍尔巴错群岩石组合等基本特征;(8)进一步确定了区内三叠系肖茶卡群与下伏地层间的角度不整合接触关系;(9)在三岛湖侏罗系实测地层剖面上采集了大量古生物化石.岩石方面:(1)在托和平错一带新填绘出大量基性岩墙和酸性岩株(脉);(2)初步认为展金组火山岩形成于洋岛环境,时代为早二叠世;(3)否定了托和平错一带分布有新生代火山岩出露的结论;(4)新发现了甜水湖北新生代碱性火山岩,初步确定其时代较鱼鳞山火山岩新.构造上,确定了窝尔巴错-拜惹布错断裂带为喀喇昆仑地块和羌塘地块的分界断裂,基本查明了断裂带特征及构造属性.矿产方面,新发现一处大型砂金矿.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861