A guide to pollen analysis

P. D. Moore & J. A. Webb: An Illustrated Guide to Pollen Analysis , Hodder & Stoughton, London-Sydney-Auckland-Toronto.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
The Rhenish Massif by A. Vogel, H. Miller and R. Greiling (editors).
The Natural History of Nautilus by Peter D. Ward.
Meteorites and their Parent Planets by H. Y. McSween.
Afro-Arabian Geology: A Kinematic View by Robert Bowen and Ulrich Jux.
Excursion Guide to the Geology of the Aberdeen Area by N. H. Trewin, B. C. Kneller and C. Gillen.     

Books

Book reviewed in this article:
Remote Geochemical Analysis: Elemental and Mineralogical Composition by Carle M. Pieters and Peter A. J. Enghert (eds)
Volcano by Susanna van Rose, Dorling Kindersley, 1993
Mammoths, Mastodons, & Elephants: Biology, Behavior, and the Fossil Record by Gary Haynes
Mountains and Minerals/Rivers and Rocks: A Geologist's Notes from the Field by M. Dane Picard
Excursion Guide to the Geology of East Sutherland and Caithness by N. H. Trewin and A. Hurst (eds)     

Books

Book reviewed in this article
Principles, Methods and Applications of Particle Size Analysis by James P. M. Syvitski (ed.).
Fossils of the Oxford Clay by D. M. Martill and John D. Hudson.
Mountains of Fire: The Nature of Volcanoes by Robert W. Decker and Barbara B. Decker.
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs by Peter Wellnhofer.
Geology of Scotland (3rd edition) by G. Y. Craig (ed.).
Chambers Earth Science Dictionary by P. M. B. Walker (ed.).     

Cool water geyser travertine: Crystal Geyser,Utah, USA

A sloping travertine mound, approximately 85 m across and a few metres thick is actively forming from cool temperature waters issuing out of Crystal Geyser, east‐central Utah, USA. Older travertine deposits exist at the site, the waters having used the Little Grand Wash Fault system as conduits. In contrast, the present Crystal Geyser travertine mound forms from 18°C waters which have been erupting for the last 80 years from an abandoned oil well. The present Crystal Geyser travertine accumulation forms from a ‘man‐made’ cool temperature geyser system; nevertheless, the constituents are an analogue for ancient geyser‐fed carbonate deposits. The travertine primary fabric is composed of couplets of highly porous, thin micritic laminae intercalated with thicker iron oxide rich laminae. Low Mg‐calcite is the dominant mineralogy; however, aragonite is a major constituent in deposits proximal to the vent and decreases in abundance distally. Cements exhibit a variety of fabrics, isopachous being common. Constituents include micro‐stromatolites, clasts, pisoids and the common occurrence of Frutexites‐like iron oxide precipitates. Leptothrix, a common iron‐oxidizing bacterium, is believed to be responsible for the production of the dense iron‐rich laminae. Pisoids litter the ground around the vent and rapidly decrease distally in abundance and size.     

Book reviews

Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems, ed. by J. D. Collinson and J. Lewin.
Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation, ed. by P. Westbroek and E. W. de Jong.
Quantitative Stratigraphic Correlation, ed. by J. M. Cubitt and R. A. Reyment.
Sandstone Depositional Environments, ed. by P. A. Scholle and D. Spearing
Paléoalterations dans le Crétacé Supérieur de Provence Rhodanienne, by J.-M. Triat     

Book reviews

Book review in this article
Geochemistry of Organic Matter in the Ocean, by Eugenii A. Romankevich
Geomorphology and Soils, ed. by K.S. Richards, R. R. Arnett and S. Ellis.
Carbonate Cements, ed. by N. Schneidermann and P. M. Harris.
Aspects of a Stratigraphic System. The Devonian, by D. L. Dineley
Models in Geomorphology, ed. by Michael J. Woldenberg
The Catskill Delta, ed. by D. L. Woodrow and W. D. Sevon.
Biogenic Structures: their Use in Interpreting Depositional Environments, ed. by H. Allen Curran.     

Book reviews

Book Review in this article:
Introduction to Geomagnetism , by W. D. Parkinson.
Climatic Geomorphology , by Julius Büdel, translated by Lenore Fischer and Detlef Busche.
Contributions to Sedimentology of Some Carbonate and Clastic Units of the Coastal Dinarides. Excursion Guidebook , ed. by L. J. Babić and V. Jelaska
Continental Carbonate Sedimentation and Pedogenesis , by P. Freytet and J. C. Plaziat, edited by B. H. Purser
Rivers—Form and Process in Alluvial Channels , by Keith Richards
At the Sea's Edge: an introduction to coastal oceanography for the amateur naturalist , by William T. Fox, illustrated by Clare Walker Leslie.
Changing Sea-level Along the North Coast of Kuwait Bay , by Taiba A. Al-Asfour.
Carbonate Depositional Environments , ed. by P. A. Scholle, D. G. Bebout & C. H. Moore.
Dynamic Models in Earth-Science Instruction , by W. H. Yoxall.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article
Adam Sedgwick: Geologist and Dalesman 1785– 1873 by Colin Speakman.
London: Illustrated Geological Walks by Eric by Robonson
Introduction to the Petroleum Geology of the North by A.M. Spencer.
Petroleum Geology of the North European Margin by A.M. Spencer
Edge of the Sea by Russell Sackett.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article:
International Stratigraphic Guide: A Guide to Stratigraphy, Terminology and Procedure , by International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification of IUGS Commission on Stratigraphy, Edited by Hollis D. Hedberg
Marine Sediment Transport and Environmental Management . Edited by D. J. Stanley & D. J. P. Swift.     

Books

Book review in This Issue:
Tracking Dinosaurs: A New Look at an Ancient World by Martin Locksley.
Onny Valley, Shropshire: Geology Teaching Trail by Peter Toghill.
Continental Rift Formation and its Prehistory by A. V. Razvalyaev.
On Methuselah's Trail: Living Fossils and the Great Extinctions by Peter Douglas Ward.     

Books

Book review in This Issue:
Guide to guides
(1) Scottish Borders Geology: An Excursion Guide by A. D. McAdam, E. N. K. Clarkson and P. Stone.
(2) Lakeland Rocks and Landscape: A Field Guide by M. Dodd (ed.).
(3) Silurian Field Excursions: Prague Basin (Barrandian), Bohemia by Jiří Křiž.     

Books

Book reviewed in this article:
A Guide to Remote Sensing: Interpreting Images of the Earth by S. A. Drury.
Global Tectonics by Philip Kearey and Frederick J. Vine.
Crystals by Ian F. Mercer.
Rocks, Minerals and Fossils of the World by Chris Pellant and Roger Phillips.
Minerals of the English Lake District-Caldbeck Fells by M. P. Cooper and C. J. Stanley.
A Field Excursion Guide to the Geology of Mallorca by H. C. Jenkyns, B. W. Sellwood and L. Pomar.     

Books

Book reviewed in this article
Geology of the Manchester Area (Geologists' Association Guide No. 7) by R. M. C. Eagar and F. M. Broadhurst.
The Emergence of Animals: The Cambrian Break-through by Mark A. S. McMenamin and Dianna L. Schultz McMenamin.
Field Geology of High-Grade Gneiss Terrains by C. W. Passchier, J. S. Myers and A. Kröner.
Fossils in the Field: Information Potential and Analysis by Roland Goldring.
Outline and Guide to the Geology of Guernsey by R. A. Roach and others.     

Books

Book reviewed in this article
Australia: The Four Billion Year Journey of a Continent by Reg & Maggie Morrison.
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fossils by Giovanni Pinna.
Gems, Granites, and Gravels: Knowing and Using Rocks and Minerals by R. V. Dietrich and Brian J. Skinner.
Geological Evolution of Antarctica by M. R. A. Thomson, J. A. Crame & J. W. Thomson.     

ISO Best Practices in Reference Material Certification and Use in Geoanalysis

The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) has published many guides, or technical standards, of great value to analytical geochemists. Two of particular importance are Guide 33 (Uses of Certified Reference Materials) and Guide 35 (Certification of Reference Materials). Both were first developed in the 1980s and undergo regular review and updating by the Reference Materials Committee (REMCO) that operates within ISO. Recent revisions have focused on adding statistical rigour to both guides. Although this offers significant advantages for use by professional metrologists, there are consequent issues of comprehension by the analytical chemists who in fact have the greatest need of them. A major focus of Guide 35 is the development of reference material uncertainties that are in full compliance with the Guide on Measurement Uncertainty (GUM), jointly issued by ISO, IUPAC and others. Guide 35 details handling of uncertainty due to (1) degradation on the shelf and in transport, (2) sample heterogeneity and (3) inter‐method and inter‐laboratory bias, as well as within‐laboratory repeatability. The International Association of Geoanalysts has developed a protocol for reference material certification that applies Guide 35 to the specific needs of the geoanalytical community. The approach being taken by the IAG in developing GUM‐compliant uncertainties for its certified values is presented. Recommendations made in Guide 33 for how a laboratory should compare its own results with certified values in assessing laboratory accuracy are outlined. Additionally, the subject of misusing reference materials is discussed. The apparent misuse occurs because so few CRMs exist that meet critical measurement needs of geoanalytical laboratories and that also meet the rigorous metrological demands of the latest editions of the ISO Guides. All of the focus of the IAG certification programme has been to undertake certifications that would fill gaps in CRM availability and thus serve to limit this misuse.     

Geohistorical Stratigraphy and Stratigraphic Guides

A different understanding of the stratigraphic science methodology is considered. The classical geohistorical content of stratigraphy is set against the latest formal classification approach recorded in the International Stratigraphic Guide. Some provisions of the Stratigraphic Code of Russia and the International Stratigraphic Guide are studied. The described confrontation between the two concepts can be expressed by a formula: stratotype or limitotype.     

Reviews

Petrology of the Metamorphic Rocks, 2nd Edn. By R. Mason. Unwin Hyman
Atlas of Metamorphic Rocks and their Textures. By B. W. D. Yardley, W. S. Mackenzie and C. Guilford.     

Cool,wet conditions late in the Younger Dryas in semi-arid New Mexico

A thick alluvial sequence in central New Mexico contains the Scholle wet meadow deposit that traces upstream to a paleospring. The wet meadow sediments contain an abundant fauna of twenty-one species of freshwater and terrestrial mollusks and ten species of ostracodes. The mollusks and ostracodes are indicative of a local high alluvial water table with spring-supported perennial flow but without standing water. Pollen analysis documents shrub grassland vegetation with sedges, willow, and alder in a riparian community. Stable carbon isotopes from the wet meadow sediments have δ¹³C values ranging from ? 22.8 to ? 23.3‰, indicating that 80% of the organic carbon in the sediment is derived from C₃ species. The wet meadow deposit is AMS dated 10,400 to 9700 ¹⁴C yr BP, corresponding to 12,300 to 11,100 cal yr BP and overlapping in time with the Younger Dryas event (YD). The wet meadow became active about 500 yr after the beginning of the YD and persisted 400 yr after the YD ended. The Scholle wet meadow is the only record of perennial flow and high water table conditions in the Abo Arroyo drainage basin during the past 13 ka.     

水泥封闭堵漏在福建煤田钻探中的应用

结合工程实例，剖析了水泥封闭堵漏在福建煤田钻探中的作用，重点论述了水泥封闭堵漏对治理漏失、坍塌的原理、过程和效果。