双重约束条件下的连续重力观测非线性漂移改正方法分析

连续重力观测去除固体潮后所得重力残差结果,除了受仪器故障、自然因素、人为因素以及供电系统干扰外,弹簧重力仪的长期漂移也成为重力变化的重要影响因素,故漂移改正不可忽略。本文以高台地震台近5年的连续重力观测资料为数据基础,采用多阶多项式拟合法,并以驰豫分析结果和流动重力场结果为约束,研究弹簧重力仪的非线性漂移特征及其漂移改正的合理性。研究结果表明：高台重力仪的线性和非线性漂移特征明显,严重影响了其他微弱重力信号的提取,而驰豫分析处理结果和流动重力场成为有效地辅助约束手段,在其双重制约下进行非线性漂移改正,使所得重力非潮汐结果更为准确可靠,为地震预测预报提供较为准确的参考依据。     

PET重力仪与CTS-1EF地震计地震波记录特征分析

收集苍梧M 5.2、九寨沟M 7.0和智利M 8.2地震期间琼中基准地震台PET重力仪和CTS-1EF地震计观测数据,对重力资料进行潮汐和零漂改正获得重力残差数据,并对地震计数据求导得到加速度值。对重力残差数据和地震计加速度数据波形及频谱曲线进行对比分析,认为2种观测仪器记录的地震波震相和频谱分析显示的地震波分布频率具有一致性,但九寨沟M 7.0地震和智利M 8.2地震的地震波频率分布存在差异。     

Vibration experiments with sharpe gravimeters

Summary The results of gravimeter measurements are influenced by various external effects among them by natural and artificial vibration sources. The nature of this disturbing factor is not yet clear, but to study phenomena is very important. In this paper the author reports on his vibration experiments carried out with a geodetic-type Sharpe gravimeter in a laboratory. The experiments confirm the existence of a vibration interval which is very dangerous for gravimeter observations.     

兰州地区(1959-1989)重力潮汐参数的测量与结果

本文介绍了兰州地区历次重力固体潮测量的概况,给出了不同仪器历次测量所得的重力潮汐参数。对比分析了Geo—765重力仪和改型后的GS11—150重力仪观测资料月调和分析主波潮汐因子的重复精度,评价了改型后的GS11—150重力仪今后对兰州地区地震的监测能力。文中还给出了该仪器改型前在天水观测的部分结果。     

基于重力观测的巴颜喀拉块体强震震级模拟分析

以内蒙古乌加河地震台的连续重力观测资料为基础,应用PET重力仪采样率较高的特点,分析了PET相对重力仪与JCZ-1甚宽带地震仪的波形相关关系及同震形变物理特征。通过模拟分析乌加河地震台PET相对重力仪记录到巴颜喀拉块体周围发生的6次7级以上强地震的同震P波、S波及面波与震中距离、震级的相关关系,得出一般震级模型、地应力波模型和S波P波幅度比模型公式。通过计算3种震级模型理论震级与实际震级的误差及相关系数R值,得到理论震级与实测震级标准误差达到0.04,R值达到0.99,验证了模型的可靠性。对比分析理论震级与实际震级的误差与R值,揭示同震形变波形蕴含地球动力特征的物理机制。      

一种基于地震噪声等级的陆地重力观测资料评价方法

本文选取GS-15型、gPhone型、PET型和CG-5型等4种陆地重力观测常用的相对重力仪,对比这几种仪器在不同背景观测环境下和不同测评时长的地震噪声等级计算结果。综合分析结果显示:金属弹簧（gPhone型、GS-15型、PET型）与石英弹簧型（CG-5型）重力仪对环境噪声的敏感性存在一定差异,但取测评时长中最平静5天和最平静1天数据所计算的地震噪声等级结果相近。因此,对于流动重力观测点,可以取最平静1天的数据来评价观测点的环境噪声水平和观测精度,可为流动重力测点选址提供方法支撑。      

泰安地震台重力扰动现象研究

利用滤波分析法对山东泰安地震台重力固体潮观测的分析表明,重力观测中存在大量高频扰动信号.通过与气象观测实况资料的对比发现,这些异常扰动信号除了受台风等热带气旋影响外,还明显与“冷空气”过境等区域强对流天气有关. 对泰安台JCZ-1甚宽频带地震仪观测资料的频谱分析和滤波处理进一步表明,区域强对流天气及台风对重力仪的影响频段均在1—8 s范围内,其中2—6 s区间影响最为显著; 强对流天气过程触发的扰动信号范围可以在1—16 s,但8 s后扰动信号对重力仪观测基本不造成影响,即重力仪对高频扰动信号的响应存在8 s的截止周期.JCZ-1甚宽频带地震仪的波谱分析还反映出扰动信号的动态特征,即强对流天气产生的扰动信号在发展、传播过程中,首先出现的信号频率较高,随着时间推移信号逐渐向低频演化,揭示了干扰信号传播的多普勒效应以及扰动信号激发源的移动特性.      

泉州地震台g-Phone重力仪观测资料干扰因素分析

通过对泉州地震台g-Phone重力仪自正式运行以来观测资料的干扰因素进行总结,发现数采死机对数据影响较小,但断电造成的仪器内部温度的改变会导致原始数据漂移,从而降低数据的内在质量,建议应尽量避免人为操作如断电等造成的内部温度变化;台风影响使得数据噪声变大,表现为观测曲线变粗,呈纺锤状。希望研究结果可以为进一步利用重力资料提取地震前兆信息提供一定的参考。     

重力仪高频信息和地脉动的观测研究

本文介绍了应用电磁反馈零位检测技术改装的重力仪进行高频信息的观测。阐述重力仪高频信息频谱分布特征、数据采集、数字计算和随机信息的处理方法。利用高频信息可以很好地观测和研究地脉动,给出北京香山地震台利用重力仪高频信息观测所得的地脉动功率谱。分析了地脉动特征及其与台风过程的关系;讨论了某些大地震前所出现的地脉动异常现象。得出北京地区正常地脉动频率分布范围为0.13-0.32Hz,优势频率为0.2Hz,相应的卓越周期为5s的脉动频率异常,也可能在地脉动的正常频率处（0.2Hz左右）,出现幅度很大的脉动幅度异常,后者又往往与台风引起的幅度异常相混淆。     

Key elements of construction and exploitation of a land-based seismic-gravimetric complex

Creation of a seismic-gravimetric complex that can operate automatically for several years allows one to record the movements of the test masses of seismometers and gravimeters simultaneously in different frequency bands. The overlapping of these frequencies takes place in the region of tenths of a Hertz. The seismic-gravimetric complex contains two relative CG-5 gravimeters, one absolute A10 gravimeter, one three-component Ugra seismic station, one automatic meteorological station, and a two-frequency GPS receiver. The relative gravimeters are used as the basic instrument. For these devices the problem of displacement of the gravimeter scale “zero” was solved. To perform long-term monitoring observations using the seismic-gravimetric complex, a gravimetric observatory was built in the area with a low level of technogenic noises. As a result of the preliminary geophysical observations, it turned out that the informative parameter is a root-mean-square deviation of the measured gravity force values.     

Synthetic tidal parameters for gravity over China and its neighbor area

The synthetic tidal parameters with high spatial resolution for gravity over China and its neighbor area are con- structed with Earth’s tidal model and ocean tide loading calculated using TPXO7 global ocean tide model as well as tidal data over China seas. The comparison between synthetic parameters and ones observed by spring gravime- ters at some seismic network stations and Hong Kong station and one observed by super-conducting gravimeter at Wuhan station shows that the average differences in amplitude factors and phases are smaller than 0.005 and 0.5° respectively; and that the discrepancies between observational and synthetic parameters are dependent on gravim- etric technique in that the synthetic parameters are in well agreement with the superconducting gravimetric obser- vations. This also indicates that the synthetic result is a good estimation for tidal gravity, and the numerical results in the present paper not only can provide ground and space gravimetry such as absolute gravimetry with correction model of tidal gravity, but also provide effective tidal parameters over areas where no observation is carried out.     

Observations of mount etna seismicity during the 2002–2003 eruption based on deep-sea gravimeter data

This paper concerns observations made by a broadband deep-sea gravimeter installed on the plat-form of the SN-1 multiparameter seafloor observatory. The observatory was deployed at a distance of 25 km from the east coast of Sicily in southern Italy at a depth of 2105 m and was operated in a self-contained mode from October 2002 to February 2003 (134 days). The proximity to Mount Etna and the period of eruptive activity starting in late October 2002 lent added interest to this experiment. The seismic activity of Mount Etna, as recorded by the gravimeter, is characterized by the presence of two signal types, viz., a long-period volcanic tremor of variable amplitude and volcano-tectonic earthquakes. The bulk of energy in the long-period tremor occurs in the spectral interval between 2 and 5 s. The long-period seismic signals due to volcanic and global earthquakes were used to estimate resonant characteristics for Etna’s heterogeneous structures.     

辽宁省地震易发区地震危险性研究

盘锦、海城、营口地区是辽宁省内地震活动性最强、地震危险性最高的地区。该地区开展了大量重点工程地震安全性评价、区域性地震区划和地震小区划工作，但尚未开展基于场地条件的区域尺度地震危险性研究。独有的沉积特点使该地区场地条件较复杂，因此在地震危险性概率分析中考虑场地条件是必要的。本文基于新一代中国地震动参数区划图基本原理和技术原则，结合盘锦、海城、营口地区场地条件特征，采用基于地形坡度的方法对场地条件进行分类，确定场地地震动影响系数，给出该地区基于区域场地条件的地震危险性分布，相关研究结果可为地震风险评估和防震减灾规划提供参考。     

银川地震台数字化重力资料映震情况分析

介绍了银川地震臼重力观测情况。应用调和分析、潮汐变化、非潮汐变化及滤波等分析方法,对银川台GS15-NO215型重力仪2003～2007年的观测资料进行了处理,分析了银川台数字化重力资料的观测质量及年变周期的特点。总结了银川台重力数字化资料与周边地区地震活动的对应关系及其映震情况。     

哈拉湖地区低频可控震源天然气水合物地球物理响应特征研究

我国陆域天然气水合物主要分布于青藏高原和漠河地区.由于永久冻土层的存在,地震勘探很难获得高品质的资料,给天然气水合物勘探带来了诸多困难.为解决冻土层对地震信号的衰减问题,在哈拉湖地区采用低频可控震源进行地震资料采集试验,通过提高覆盖次数,获得了较高信噪比的地震资料.在高质量地震资料基础上,进行精细速度分析,获得了较准确的叠加速度谱资料;然后以层速度剖面为基础建立正演模型,开展天然气水合物地震正演模拟研究;最后利用叠后偏移地震数据进行地震属性分析.通过正演模拟和地震属性综合研究,总结了天然气水合物的地球物理响应特征,速度突变和空白反射带可作为哈拉湖地区陆域天然气水合物识别的敏感因素.     

重力仪与宽频带地震仪地震波信号分析及其在异常判定中的应用

以2011年3月11日日本东北M_S9.0地震和2013年11月23日3个典型地震(近震、 远震、 深远震)为例, 对泰安地震台JCZ-1甚宽频数字地震仪及LaCoste-PET重力仪的地震波信号进行频谱分析. 结果表明, 由于两套仪器的设计频率响应范围各有侧重, 其对地震波信号的采集能力也有所差别, 信号频谱分布也有所不同, 即地震仪卓越周期较重力仪偏小, 谱能量向高频方向集中, 而重力仪的频谱分布平坦且较地震仪响应周期大. 地震仪和重力仪对长周期地震波信号的响应仍有对应性和可比性, 对1 s以上的地震波信号均有响应, 对远震波形记录有较好的一致性. 宽频带地震仪和重力仪对地震波响应的特性, 为重力观测中阶变突跳等异常变化性质的判定提供了物理学指标, 对形变观测中可能出现的地震前兆异常的认识及判定具有重要意义.      

Efficient and accurate edge‐preserving smoothing for 3D hexagonally sampled seismic data

The automatic detection of geological features such as faults and channels is a challenging problem in today's seismic exploration industry. Edge detection filters are generally applied to locate features. It is desirable to reduce noise in the data before edge detection. The application of smoothing or low‐pass filters results in noise suppression, but this causes edge blurring as well. Edge‐preserving smoothing is a technique that results in simultaneous edge preservation and noise suppression. Until now, edge‐preserving smoothing has been carried out on rectangular sampled seismic data. In this paper, an attempt has been made to detect edges by applying edge‐preserving smoothing as a pre‐processing step in the hexagonally sampled seismic‐data spatial domain. A hexagonal approach is an efficient method of sampling and has greater symmetry than a rectangular approach. Here, spiral architecture has been employed to handle the hexagonally sampled seismic data. A comparison of edge‐preserving smoothing on both rectangular and hexagonally sampled seismic data is carried out. The data used were provided by Saudi Aramco. It is shown that hexagonal processing results in well‐defined edges with fewer computations.     

2016年广西苍梧MS 5.4地震前华南地区连续重力扰动异常分析

收集华南地区8个重力台站gPhone/PET相对重力仪观测原始秒数据,对记录的2016年广西苍梧M_S 5.4地震前4天重力原始秒数据,分别进行原始数据分析、0.01 Hz高通滤波和0.125-0.25 Hz带宽滤波,结果表明,震前4天8个重力台站数据均存在扰动异常,结合地震前后台风活动情况,分析认为,该扰动异常系台风"银河"和"妮妲"活动引起,非地震前兆异常。     

Airborne gravimetry using a strapped-down LaCoste and Romberg air/sea gravity meter system: a feasibility study

Marine gravimeters mounted on stabilized platforms are commonly used in aircraft to perform airborne gravity measurements. The role of the stabilized platform is to level the sensor mechanically, whatever the aircraft attitude. However, this compensation is generally insufficient due to the sensitivity of modern gravity sensors. Correcting the offlevel error requires that an offlevel correction calculated from positioning data be added to gravimeter measurements, which complicates not only the processing, but also the assessment of precision and resolution. This paper is a feasibility study describing the levelling of a completely strapped‐down LaCoste and Romberg gravimeter for airborne gravimetry operation, by means of GPS positioning data. It focuses on the calculation of the sensor offlevel correction needed for the complete gravity data processing. The precision of the offlevel correction that can be achieved, in terms of GPS data precision and gravity wavelengths, is theoretically studied and estimated using the gravity and GPS data acquired during the Alpine Swiss French airborne gravity survey carried out in 1998 over the French Western Alps. While a 1 cm precision of GPS‐determined baseline coordinates is sufficient to achieve a 5 mGal precision of the offlevel correction, we maintain that this precision has to reach 1 mm to ensure a 1 mGal precision of the offlevel correction at any wavelength. Without a stabilized platform, the onboard instrumentation becomes significantly lighter. Furthermore, the correction for the offlevel error is straightforward and calculated only from GPS data. Thus, the precision and the resolution of airborne gravity surveys should be estimated with a better accuracy.     

校园地下管线抗震评估初步探讨

对前人有关直埋地下管线的震害及其影响因素进行了简单总结,整理分析了前人关于管线震害评估的有关标准.结合某学院实际管网的资料,进行了各种管线的震害率计算,并对其进行了基于郭恩栋方法的震害等级评定及影响因素分析,得出:(1)设防烈度下管网系统在应急上能基本满足要求,但在使用功能上需进行修复;(2)对于断层影响,管道与断层应呈60°交角并采取抗震构造措施;(3)管网设计中应选用韧性、大口径、大曲率弯头的管材.