Qualitative Health Research: Negotiating Life with HIV/AIDS

In this paper, I look at the use of qualitative methods in health geography. I focus on two projects using in-depth interviews with people with HIV/AIDS. Drawing from feminist work on qualitative methodologies and the production of knowledge, two questions are posed. First, what insights do interviews offer about people's daily experiences with HIV/AIDS? Second, given that interviews involve direct contact between interviewer and respondent, what are the implications of using this methodology? Projects reveal that living with HIV/AIDS involves a complex series of negotiations. These include negotiating one's own identity within medical discourse, dealing with health care professionals, and choosing how to use medication. The projects also indicate that qualitative research itself involves a process of negotiation. Researchers' preconceptions, interview settings and formats, and relationships established during research can effect research outcomes andresearch participants. I argue that a willingness to reflect critically on the use of qualitative methods is needed to safeguard against these unintended consequences.     

Qualitative Health Research: Negotiating Life with HIV/AIDS

In this paper, I look at the use of qualitative methods in health geography. I focus on two projects using in-depth interviews with people with HIV/AIDS. Drawing from feminist work on qualitative methodologies and the production of knowledge, two questions are posed. First, what insights do interviews offer about people's daily experiences with HIV/AIDS? Second, given that interviews involve direct contact between interviewer and respondent, what are the implications of using this methodology? Projects reveal that living with HIV/AIDS involves a complex series of negotiations. These include negotiating one's own identity within medical discourse, dealing with health care professionals, and choosing how to use medication. The projects also indicate that qualitative research itself involves a process of negotiation. Researchers' preconceptions, interview settings and formats, and relationships established during research can effect research outcomes andresearch participants. I argue that a willingness to reflect critically on the use of qualitative methods is needed to safeguard against these unintended consequences.     

民族村寨居民旅游发展意识教育初探——以大等喊傣寨为例

通过问卷调查和访谈法,从旅游发展、旅游培训教育、旅游参与、环境影响等方面分析大等喊傣寨社区居民的旅游发展意识状况。结果表明,大等喊傣寨的社区居民的旅游发展意识水平整体上不高,受教育程度普遍偏低,乡村旅游专业技术人才匮乏,因此,农村劳动者素质的提高,就成为乡村旅游发展成败的关键。     

Identifying Stakeholder Groups in Natural Resource Management: Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Social Network Approaches

Abstract

This study compares the efficiency of two analytic approaches—qualitative and quantitative—to social network analysis for identifying stakeholder groups. Social network data were collected from 23 water and agriculture stakeholders in Arizona, USA, and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Analysis of the sample in the original order of data collection found qualitative analysis was more efficient, in that it yielded a stable result—the identification of four stakeholder groups—within 16 interviews. In contrast, the quantitative analysis did not produce a stable result after 23 interviews. Repeated analyses with randomized order and reverse order samples found qualitative approaches yielded more stable results, took about the same number of interviews to yield results, and produced slightly fewer stakeholder groups compared to quantitative approaches. Our findings suggest that, in resource-constrained projects, qualitative social network analysis for identifying stakeholder groups can provide an efficient alternative to conventional quantitative social network analysis.     

Community Development Approaches to Heart Health Promotion: A Geographical Perspective

This paper reports results of a qualitative study of community development approaches to heart health promotion in Ontario. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a substantial proportion of the burden of illness experienced by western industrialized countries. Biomedical research has implicated lifestyle choices and socioeconomic conditions as primary determinants of CVD. There has been a resultant shift from curative to preventive/health promoting strategies to reduce this burden of illness. The Canadian Heart Health Initiative-Ontario Project (CHHIOP), a two-stage (quantitative and qualitative) longitudinal study, was designed to address issues of heart health promotion through the investigation and strengthening of community-based heart health activities in both the formal and informal public health systems. The study reported on in this paper forms one part of the qualitative stage and focuses on how community relationships and community development approaches play out in local contexts to shape the reality of (heart) health promotion practice. Analysis of key informant interviews using Ethnograph illustrates the centrality of community context, the lack of a common understanding of key concepts (e.g., community development), and the emergence of a shift in health agencies' ways of doing business characterized by increased partnering and collaboration in the delivery of (heart) health promotion programs. Local perspectives and the dynamics of intra-community relations were allowed to emerge through the use of qualitative approaches implying a need for place-sensitive (heart) health promotion strategies.     

基于出行链的建成环境对居民小汽车通勤出行的影响

城市建成环境对居民出行,尤其是小汽车通勤出行的影响是交通需求预测的基础性命题,长期受到关注.已有研究大多以单次出行作为研究对象,较少关注出行链影响下的出行协同决策问题.论文基于2017年广州市居民活动日志调查数据,采用Logistic模型检验了出行链视角下城市建成环境对工作日选择小汽车通勤出行的影响.研究发现,出行链中...     

中国老年地理学研究进展

在中国全面进入老龄化社会的大背景下,老龄问题逐渐成为新常态和学者关注的焦点。本文采用知识图谱分析和传统文献研究相结合的方法,借助Citespace软件分析了2003-2017年国内老年地理学研究的热点领域,通过关键词共现归纳出中国老年地理学研究的特点为：①人口老龄化时空格局及驱动机制和养老设施空间配置成为近年来老年地理学研究的热点领域,但大区域小尺度、更深层次驱动机制有待进一步研究;如何将老年居民的社会交往、情感归属、社会资源与社区多维度结合,是未来社区建设与养老重点关注的方向;居家养老理论探索与实践总结尚未形成理论突破并推动政策实践,亟待学者对其进行本土化的理论构建。②老年人健康与环境研究成为新兴研究领域和主导方向,如何由宏观层面关注老年人健康与环境关系到微观层面关注老年个体情感体验、地方依赖,空间化健康与环境关系,选择和量化人文因素将是今后研究的重点难点。③对老年人空间行为研究有待实现定量和质性研究的互补融合,探索强调个体认知、行为偏好的行为主义地理学与强调时空整体性与制约的时间地理学的有机结合成为未来发展方向。     

Invisible carers: young people in Zimbabwe's home-based healthcare

Summary Women and young people are disproportionately burdened by the restructuring of healthcare services. Home-based healthcare provision by children in Zimbabwe is investigated through qualitative interviews with young carers and key informants. The study suggests that young people (especially girls) become carers according to varied personal and household factors in the context of the AIDS pandemic, macro-economic decline and ESAP-weakened formal health services.     

高密度开发城市的交通与土地利用互动关系——以广州为例

在评述国内外城市交通系统与土地利用互动关系研究的基础上,以广州为案例,利用有关政府部门资料、统计资料和实地调查资料,引入定量分析和GIS、RS空间分析技术,系统全面地研究了我国高密度开发城市交通系统与土地利用互动关系。结果表明：城市交通系统与土地利用之间相互影响、相互作用。交通系统的发展引起城市空间形态、土地利用开发、土地利用价格和用地布局特征的变化;反之,土地利用特征的改变也带来了交通线网格局、交通密度特征及交通模式的改变。     

Understanding usage and preference for health care therapies in a Ghanaian context: A pluralistic perspective

Studies of health care and health-care seeking behaviour in Ghana have mainly shown that many patients tend to use indigenous medicine to address their health care needs. These studies have cited affordability, acceptability, availability, and accessibility as major factors behind the predominant use of indigenous medicine. Nevertheless, in these studies, researchers often ignore the third health care option – self-care, usually subjugated under the indigenous medical system. Since the mid-1980s, both biomedical and indigenous health care systems have witnessed transformations that have shaped and changed their modes of operation, as well as the cost of treatment. In light of this, the author seeks to understand the motivations behind the preference for and use of self-care, professional biomedical care, and indigenous forms of care in the context of Ghana’s health care system. A qualitative, in-depth interview technique was used for data gathering. Findings from the study revealed that time and cost of treatment were major factors accounting for the predominant use of self-care. The author concludes that the findings challenge the long-held belief that biomedicine is not widely accepted by people in Ghana compared with indigenous medicine.     

Using Qualitative Methods in Medical Geography: Deconstructive Moments in a Subdiscipline?

As medical geography reinvents itself as health geography, the linkages between social theory and the deconstruction of central categories organizing its medical orientation are being explored. This paper discusses the contribution of qualitative research to this process. In providing access to alternative ways of understanding health concerns, and emphasizing issues of power in the production of knowledge, qualitative methodology carries the potential for reconceptualizing key issues framing investigation of the relationships between place, people, and their health. In pursuing current issues in social theory, qualitative research also contributes to the blurring of the subdiscipline's boundaries and revitalizes its agenda.     

The Politics of Difference: Examining the Quantitative/Qualitative Dualism in Post-Structuralist Feminist Research*

The potential for using quantitative techniques in feminist post-structuralist research has been obscured by the pervasiveness of the quantitative/qualitative dualism within the discipline. In this paper I discuss the possibility that quantitative approaches may be uncoupled from masculinist versions of science in ways that are consistent with the goals of feminist post-structuralist research. To illustrate these ideas, I explore the politics of counting—both the political power of statistical representations of oppression and also the role of counting in revealing the operation of power relations. My examinations of the persistence of the quantitative/qualitative dualism—despite the potential power of quantitative approaches in feminist work—raise questions about how our academic biographies reinforce these ontological divisions. Specifically, I raise questions about the influence of our academic socialization on our engagement with the particular ontologies we employ and (perhaps) reject.     

基于改进潜能模型的就医空间可达性度量和缺医地区判断——以江苏省如东县为例

潜能模型广泛应用于就医空间可达性评价,现有模型综合了医疗设施服务能力、居民点人口数量、医疗设施与居民点之间的出行阻抗。在此基础上通过考虑"医疗设施不同等级规模对居民就医选择行为的影响"对模型进行修正。结果表明,改进的潜能模型能够更为合理地评价就医空间可达性,准确揭示居民实际所能获取的医疗资源,结合医疗资源配置相关标准,则能有效判定缺医地区,为政府相关部门规划决策提供依据。     

日常活动视角下居民健康影响的性别差异——以广州为例

中国城市化转型背景下,居民的公共健康成为城市地理研究的一个热点。越来越多研究关注健康的性别差异,但基于日常活动视角分析居民健康的影响因素和路径的性别差异研究较为缺乏。因此,作者尝试通过构建结构方程模型探讨不同性别群体居民属性、建成环境、日常活动对健康影响的差异。研究发现：全职男性、全职女性与非全职女性的自评健康存在显著差异,得分依次降低;健康影响因素和影响路径存在性别差异,女性日常活动受到更多约束,其健康更大程度受所住社区周边建成环境和日常活动的影响;女性亚群体之间的健康及影响路径也存在差异;在考虑居民健康性别差异的同时,需要重视就业状况对健康的影响。日常活动视角能揭示居民属性和建成环境对健康影响的路径,有助于理解居民健康影响的性别差异。本文拓宽了健康影响因素的研究框架,对转型背景下改善建成环境,减少日常活动约束,关注健康的性别差异具有重要的现实意义。     

国外休闲制约研究的特征与展望——基于《Journal of Leisure Research》、《Leisure Sciences》、《Journal of Park and Recreation Administration》期刊

选取国外三大休闲权威期刊《Journal of Leisure Research》（1992—2014年）、《Leisure Sciences》（1998—2014年）、《Journal of Park and Recreation Administration》（2001—2014年）共130篇休闲制约研究论文,通过文献统计和文献分析法,从研究方法、研究内容及发展趋势三方面,分析国外休闲制约研究的基本特征。研究认为：国外休闲制约研究方法以定量研究方法为主,定性研究方法日益受到重视;国外学者重点关注休闲制约因素、休闲制约协商、女性休闲制约、种族人群休闲制约和青少年休闲制约等内容,同时强调内在机制研究和模型构建。此外,关注社会文化制约因素,加强跨学科研究和时间纵向研究,重视中国文化背景下的休闲制约研究对世界休闲制约研究的独特贡献以及跨文化合作的必要性是未来研究的重要方向。     

Traversing Fantasies,Activating Desires: Economic Geography,Activist Research,and Psychoanalytic Methodology

In this article I recount the ways that key concepts in Lacanian psychoanalytic theory—the relationship between language and desire, fantasy and subject formation, ethics and the traversal of fantasy—have enabled a novel methodological approach to activist research. Psychoanalysis allows us to recast research as a process of encountering and traversing fantasies, which is simultaneously a process of engendering new representations, desires, subjectivities, and societies.     

Negotiating Multiple Positionalities in the Interview Setting: Researching Across Gender and Generational Boundaries

This article explores the multiple positionalities that were negotiated during qualitative interviews conducted with older British men who are grandfathers, by a young female early career researcher. Gender and other methodological challenges negotiated by researchers of men and masculinities have been critiqued, but negotiations of age and generational differences in the field remain scant, despite recognition that age also structures socially constructed and spatially experienced identities. Including reflections on personal research experiences, the article outlines the need for explicit critical attention by geographers to the influence of the fluid intersectional identities of the researcher and researched on research experiences in the field and research outcomes.     

区域产业结构变化及其生态环境效应——以云南省丽江市为例

作为人类社会经济活动的集中体现,区域产业结构变化是土地利用变化的重要驱动力,同时其对生态环境的影响也发生了显著的变化。因此,区域产业结构变化生态环境效应研究,是可持续发展、人地关系及全球变化区域响应研究的重要内容,也是对土地利用变化研究的有益补充。本文在定性分析不同产业发展对生态环境影响的基础上,构建不同产业类型的生态环境影响系数与区域产业结构的总体生态环境影响指数,并以云南省丽江市为例,定量评价丽江市1992~2003年产业结构变化及其对生态环境的综合影响。研究结果表明,研究时段内丽江市的产业结构发生了较大变动,经历了两次产业结构转型;但产业结构的生态环境影响整体属于中等,且逐年降低,区域产业结构变化带来了较好的生态环境效应。     

Placing narrative correspondence in the geographer's toolbox: Insights from care research in New Zealand

Abstract:  To date, narrative correspondence has been relatively neglected as a geographical research method. This is particularly true within the subdiscipline of health geography. Drawing on the literature on narrative approaches, as well as a qualitative study of informal carers' experiences of transitions in the place of care for older people in New Zealand, this paper highlights the valuable insights this approach can offer into the interrelationship between people, place and care. More specifically, it explores how caring identities and care related behaviour are constructed and reconstructed over time and space.