MODEL AND IN－SITU MEASUREMENTS OF BED－LOAD TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN NAVIGABLE RIVERS

ＭＯＤＥＬＡＮＤＩＮ－ＳＩＴＵＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＳＯＦＢＥＤ－ＬＯＡＤＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＰＨＥＮＯＭＥＮＡＩＮＮＡＶＩＧＡＢＬＥＲＩＶＥＲＳ￥ＳｔｅｐｈａｎＴｈｅｏｂａｌｄａｎｄＦｒａｎｚＮｅｓｔｍａｎｎ（Ｄｉｐｌ．－Ｉｎｇ．ＳｔｅｐｈａｎＴｈｅ...     

COMPARISON OF SEDIMENT DISCHARGE PREDICTIONS FOR SMALL WATERSREDS IN THE SOUTRWESTERN UNITED STATES

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮ　ＯＦ　ＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴ　ＤＩＳＣＨＡＲＧＥ　ＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＳ　ＦＯＲ　ＳＭＡＬＬ　ＷＡＴＥＲＳＲＥＤＳ　ＩＮ　ＴＨＥ　ＳＯＵＴＲＷＥＳＴＥＲＮ　ＵＮＩＴＥＤ　ＳＴＡＴＥＳＹａｋｏｖＷＩＧＤＯＲ；ＶｉｃｅｎｔｅＬ．ＬＯＰＥＳ...     

A NON-DIMENSIONAL COUPLED NUMERICAL MODEL OF ALLUVIAL FLOW

ＡＮＯＮ－ＤＩＭＥＮＳＩＯＮＡＬＣＯＵＰＬＥＤＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＭＯＤＥＬＯＦＡＬＬＵＶＩＡＬＦＬＯＷＳａｉｅｄＳＡＩＥＤＩ（ＴｈｅｔｅｘｔｉｓａｂｒｉｄｇｅｄｂｙＤｒ．ＤＩＮＧＬｉａｎｚｈｅｎ）（ＷａｔｅｒＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ，Ｓｃ...     

Jin-Ping ZHOU,SERVICE AT GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORIES,AWARDED THE“LONG SERVICE MEDAL OF IAGA”

Ｊｉｎ┐ＰｉｎｇＺＨＯＵ，ＳＥＲＶＩＣＥＡＴＧＥＯＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＯ┐ＲＩＥＳ，ＡＷＡＲＤＥＤＴＨＥ“ＬＯＮＧＳＥＲＶＩＣＥＭＥＤＡＬＯＦＩＡＧＡ”Ｍｒ．Ｊｉｎ－ＰｉｎｇＺＨＯＵｗａｓｂｏｒｎｉｎＤｅｃ．１９３３．Ｈｅｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ...     

MEASUREMENTS OF BED－LOAD IN RIVER RHINE METHODS－FEATURES－COMPARISONS－APPLICATIONS

ＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＳＯＦＢＥＤ－ＬＯＡＤＩＮＲＩＶＥＲＲＨＩＮＥＭＥＴＨＯＤＳ－ＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＳ－ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＳ－ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳ￥ＢｅｎｎｏＤｒｏｇｅ（ＢｕｎｄｃｓａｎｓｔａｌｔｆｕｒＧｅｗａｓｓｃｒｋｕｎｄｅ－ＢｆＧ（Ｇｅｒｍ...     

The fault plane of the 1991,Datong-Yang-gao,Shanxi,China,Ms=5.8 earthquake

Ｔｈｅｆａｕｌｔｐｌａｎｅｏｆｔｈｅ１９９１，Ｄａｔｏｎｇ－Ｙａｎｇ－ｇａｏ，Ｓｈａｎｘｉ，Ｃｈｉｎａ，Ｍｓ＝５．８ｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅＭｉｎｇＷＡＮＧ（王鸣），Ｌｉａｎ－ＱｉａｎｇＺＨＡＮＧ（张廉强）ａｎｄＰｅｉ－ＤｅＷＡＮＧ（王培德）（Ｉｎｓｔｉ...     

SOME APPROACHES FOR STUDYING THE INTENSITY OF SMALL RIVER AGGRADATION

ＳＯＭＥＡＰＰＲＯＡＣＨＥＳＦＯＲＳＴＵＤＹＩＮＧＴＨＥＩＮＴＥＮＳＩＴＹＯＦＳＭＡＬＬＲＩＶＥＲＡＧＧＲＡＤＡＴＩＯＮＶ．Ｎ．Ｇｏｌｏｓｏｖ（ＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＳｏｉｌａｎｄＦｌｕｖｉａｌＰｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ，ＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈ...     

GD—DTPA脊髓造影磁共振扫描技术应用的研究

本文目的,通过将ＧＤ－ＤＴＰＡ直接注入蛛网膜下腔后进行脊髓造影ＭＲ扫描,探索一种新的ＭＲ检查方法,材料方法：对１１例患者进行ＧＤ－ＤＴＰＡ蛛网膜腔直接注射脊髓造影前后ＭＲ扫描,保持扫描序列不变。造影剂量为０．５～１．０ｍｌ,结果：所有患者脊髓造影后即刻扫描显示脑脊液信号反转,Ｔ１Ｗ高信号。Ｔ２Ｗ低信与,结论：小剂量ＧＤ－ＤＴＰＡ直接蛛网膜注射脊髓造影ＭＲ扫描是一种安全可靠的检查方法。对观察脑脊液动     

A SIMPLIFIED APPROACH TO MODELING 3D SEDIMENT-LADEN TURBULENT FLOWS

ＡＳＩＭＰＬＩＦＩＥＤＡＰＰＲＯＡＣＨＴＯＭＯＤＥＬＩＮＧ３ＤＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴ－ＬＡＤＥＮＴＵＲＢＵＬＥＮＴＦＬＯＷＳＤｏｎｇｈｕｏＺＨＯＵａｎｄＳａｍＳ．Ｙ．ＷＡＮＧＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ａ３－ｄｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇｓ...     

COARSE-PARTICLE TRANSPORT IN A GRAVEL-BED RIVER

ＣＯＡＲＳＥ－ＰＡＲＴＩＣＬＥＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＩＮＡＧＲＡＶＥＬ－ＢＥＤＲＩＶＥＲＷｉｌｌｉａｍＷ．ＥＭＭＥＴＴ１，ＲｏｂｅｒｔＬ．ＢＵＲＲＯＷＳ２，ａｎｄＥｄｗａｒｄＦ．ＣＨＡＣＨＯ，Ｊｒ３．（１Ｕ．Ｓ．ＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｕｒｖｅｙ，Ｗａｔｅ...     

Phytoremediation of Sb,As, Cu,and Zn from Contaminated Water by the Aquatic Macrophyte Eleocharis acicularis

Sb, As, Cu, and Zn toxicity and contamination have become a growing concern in recent years. Phytoremediation, a plant based and cost effective technology, may be an effective approach in the cleanup of water contaminated by these metals. In this study, the aquatic macrophyte Eleocharis acicularis was used in laboratory and field experiments to assess its capability to accumulate Sb, As, Cu, and Zn, and thereby investigate its potential application in phytoremediation. The results showed that E. acicularis adapted well to water contaminated by these metals. The removal rates of Sb, As, Cu, and Zn in the laboratory experiment were 3.04, 2.75, 0.417, and 1.49 μg/L/day, respectively. The highest concentrations of these metals accumulated in E. acicularis after 10 days of the laboratory experiment were 6.29, 6.44, 20.5, and 73.5 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Only 8% of As, 12% of Sb, 87% of Cu and 93% of Zn removed from the water were used by E. acicularis. The highest concentrations of Sb, As, Cu, and Zn accumulated in E. acicularis after 10 wk of the field experiment were 76.0, 22.4, 33.9, and 266 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The results indicate that E. acicularis has the ability to accumulate Sb, As, Cu, and Zn from contaminated water.     

Field validation of antioxidant enzyme biomarkers in mussels (Perna viridis) and clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) transplanted in Hong Kong coastal waters

Green-lipped mussels, Perna viridis, and Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum were sourced from “clean” sites in the Hong Kong region, depurated in a laboratory using uncontaminated filtered seawater for 8 days, and transplanted to a suspected gradient of chemically polluted sites in Hong Kong. After 14- and 28-days of field exposure, several antioxidant parameters including glutathione S transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) were quantified in gill and hepatopancreas tissues. Whole body tissue concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs) were determined in pooled site samples. Chemical analyses indicated that: (a) clams had higher levels of PAHs, PHCs, DDTs and PCBs, whereas mussels had higher hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and there was no difference between species for dieldrin and remaining OCs; (b) Kat O should not be continued as a “clean” reference site for Hong Kong, because of the levels of contaminants measured and (c) PAH concentrations in the current survey were similar to those previously measured. Toxicological conclusions were: (a) antioxidant responses were different between species; (b) CAT and GST have highest utility in clams for field use in Hong Kong, whereas CAT in both gill and hepatopancreas tissue showed most potential in mussels; (c) significant induction of antioxidant responses over day 0 (excluding GPx in both tissues, and GST in mussel hepatic tissue); (d) groups of contaminants do not consistently induce antioxidant responses and (e) organochlorines and PCBs correlated significantly with CAT and GST in clam hepatopancreas and with CAT in mussel gill and hepatic tissue. Multivariate statistical techniques indicated little relationship between the site patterns for antioxidant responses and the contaminant gradients identified in body burden analysis.     

CT淋巴管造影对淋巴管肌瘤病乳糜胸的诊断价值

目的:探讨CT淋巴管造影对淋巴管肌瘤病乳糜胸的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2009至2014年我院38例临床或病理证实的LAM患者及172例非LAM乳糜胸患者的临床及影像学资料,所有患者均接受淋巴管造影(DLG)及淋巴管造影后CT检查,由2名医师对CT淋巴管造影(CTL)显示乳糜胸的发生部位、分布类型及胸导管梗阻情况进行分析。结果:CTL显示36例LAM合并乳糜胸。单侧积液23例(右侧11例,左侧12例),双侧积液13例;脏层胸膜型3例,壁层胸膜型7例,混合型4例,未显示型22例。172例非LAM乳糜胸(原发性乳糜胸118例,继发性乳糜胸54例)。118例原发性乳糜胸中,右侧积液26例,左侧积液27例,双侧积液65例;脏层型60例,壁层型15例,混合型23例,未显示型20例。54例继发性乳糜胸中,右侧积液13例,左侧积液3例,双侧积液38例;脏层型43例,壁层型2例,混合型6例,未显示型3例。LAM乳糜胸与原发性乳糜胸的发生部位不存在差异,LAM乳糜胸与继发性乳糜胸的发生部位存在差异。LAM乳糜胸的发生侧别几乎没有差别,继发性乳糜胸常见为双侧。LAM乳糜胸与原发性乳糜胸和继发性乳糜胸在胸膜类型上存在差异,LAM乳糜胸以未显示型最常见,而原发性和继发性乳糜胸以脏层型最常见。结论:CTL可显示LAM乳糜胸的发生类型,提示胸导管梗阻或者腹腔淋巴管压力增高可能是LAM乳糜胸的致病原因,为临床手术治疗LAM乳糜胸提供影像学依据。     

The factors controlling the partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in the water-column of the Pearl River Estuary in South China

In this study, the distribution and partition of polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water from the Pearl River Estuary were investigated. A seasonal dependence for dissolved and particle phase PCB and PBDE levels was observed. A high dissolved phase level occurred in the dry season. The positive correlation between POC content in the particles and phase distribution coefficients (K_p) suggested that POC may play an important role in determining the partition of PBDEs and PCBs. A linear correlation between the observed log K_OC and log K_OW for PBDEs and PCBs was found with slopes less than one. The observed log K_OC values were lower than the predicted log K_OC values for PBDEs (except for BDE28). The log K_OC values were higher than the predicted values for PCBs. A combination of sorption to colloids (10-98% for PBDEs and less than 25% for PCBs) and adsorption to BC was responsible for this observation.     

探地雷达三维高阶时域有限差分法模拟研究

探地雷达数值模拟中,时域有限差分法在时间和空间上一般采用二阶精度的中心差分近似(FDTD(2,2)),其形式简单,但数值色散误差较大,在复杂模型模拟时不能很好地反映模型的精细变化.高阶时域有限差分法能很好地改善数值色散带来的误差,提高模拟精度.本文基于三维高阶时域有限差分法的基本原理实现了探地雷达正演模拟,采用单轴各向异性完全匹配层(UPML)作为吸收边界条件,可以有效地吸收外向传播的电磁波,在大大地提高计算效率的同时,也能很好地改善边界的吸收效果.分析对比正演模拟结果,通过三维高阶时域有限差分正演能获得目标体准确电磁响应信息,并能很好的提高模拟精度.     

Occurrence of priority pollutants in WWTP effluents and Mediterranean coastal waters of Spain

A comprehensive study aimed at evaluating the occurrence, significance of concentrations and spatial distribution of priority pollutants (PPs) along the Comunidad Valenciana coastal waters (Spain) was carried out in order to fulfil the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Additionally, PP concentrations were also analysed in the effluent of 28 WWTPs distributed along the studied area. In coastal waters 36 organic pollutants of the 71 analysed, including 26 PPs were detected although many of them with low frequency of occurrence. Only 13 compounds, which belong to four different classes (VOCs, organochlorinated pesticides, phthalates and tributyltin compounds (TBT)) showed a frequency of occurrence above 20% in coastal waters. In the results obtained until now, octylphenol, pentachlorobenzene, DEHP and TBT exceeded the annual average concentration (EQS-AAC), and only TBT surpassed the maximum allowable concentration (EQS-MAC). The most frequent contaminants determined in coastal waters were also present in WWTP effluents.     

Projected 21st century climate change on snow conditions over Shasta Dam watershed by means of dynamical downscaling

Snow is an important component of the Earth's climate system and is particularly vulnerable to global warming. It has been suggested that warmer temperatures may cause significant declines in snow water content and snow cover duration. In this study, snowfall and snowmelt were projected by means of a regional climate model that was coupled to a physically based snow model over Shasta Dam watershed to assess changes in snow water content and snow cover duration during the 21st century. This physically based snow model requires both physical data and future climate projections. These physical data include topography, soils, vegetation, and land use/land cover, which were collected from associated organizations. The future climate projections were dynamically downscaled by means of the regional climate model under 4 emission scenarios simulated by 2 general circulation models (fifth‐generation of the ECHAM general circulation model and the third‐generation atmospheric general circulation model). The downscaled future projections were bias corrected before projecting snowfall and snowmelt processes over Shasta Dam watershed during 2010–2099. This study's results agree with those of previous studies that projected snow water equivalent is decreasing by 50–80% whereas the fraction of precipitation falling as snowfall is decreasing by 15% to 20%. The obtained projection results show that future snow water content will change in both time and space. Furthermore, the results confirm that physical data such as topography, land cover, and atmospheric–hydrologic data are instrumental in the studies on the impact of climate change on the water resources of a region.     

Esterase activities and lipid peroxidation levels in offshore commercial species of the NW Mediterranean Sea

There is a lack of information on monitoring neurotoxicity in offshore commercial species. To help fill this gap, we sampled hake (Merluccius merluccius) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) in fishing grounds off the coast of l’Ametlla de Mar (NW Mediterranean) in June 2005 at a depth of 100 m and 400 m. Additionally, at 400 m depth, two other fish species, Micromesistius poutassou and Phycis blennoides were included. Neurotoxicity markers such as Colinesterases (ChEs), namely acethyl- (AChE), butyryl- (BChE), propionyl- (PrChE) and carboxilesterase (CbE) were measured in muscle. Lipid peroxidation (LP), a marker of oxidative damage, was also included. The results are discussed in relation to the animal’s sex, size and fishing depth. A comparison of esterases and LP levels between muscle and liver of hake and between muscle and hepatopancreas of Norway Lobster was made.

AChE was dominant in muscle and CbE in hepatopancreas. No differences between fish species were seen for AChE. However, N. norvegicus, presented lower levels of ChEs and LP. A size-dependence in ChEs was seen for M. merluccius, with larger animals showing significantly lower activities (p < 0.05). Sex-dependence was seen in N. norvegicus for most esterases, except AChE, with males displaying higher activities (p < 0.05). A sampling-depth effect was also seen in the crustacea, with animals from 100 m generally presenting lower esterase activities and higher LP levels.     

Joint FAO/WHO/IOC activities to provide scientific advice on marine biotoxins (research report)

The Joint FAO/WHO/IOC ad hoc Expert Consultation on Biotoxins in Molluscan Bivalves performed risk assessments for a number of biotoxins present in bivalve molluscs. For performing risk assessments, the Expert Consultation categorized the biotoxins into eight distinct groups based on chemical structure. The Expert Consultation established LOAELs for the azaspiracid (AZA), okadaic acid (OA), saxitoxin (STX), and domoic acid (DA) toxin groups. The derived provisional acute RfDs for the AZA, OA, STX, and DA toxin groups were 0.04 μg/kg bw, 0.33 μg/kg bw, 0.7 μg/kg bw, and 100 μg/kg bw, respectively. For the yessotoxin (YTX) group, a NOAEL was established, based on animal studies. Applying a safety factor of 100, a provisional acute RfD of 50 μg/kg bw was suggested for the YTX group. The Expert Consultation considered that the database for cyclic imines, brevetoxins, and pectenotoxins was insufficient to establish provisional acute RfDs for these three toxin groups.