海洋微藻除菌及除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点比较

于1995年4—12月在中国科学院海洋研究所进行微藻除菌及比较除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点的研究。经平板培养排除霉菌后,利用组合抗生素(青霉素+卡那霉素+链霉素+庆大霉素)获得除菌球等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻及小球藻,对抗生素处理前后的微藻生长特点进行比较研究。结果表明,与未除菌时相比,除菌后的球等鞭金藻及小球藻不易老化(可保持良好悬浮30d以上);回加细菌于除菌藻,藻细胞下沉附底,说明细菌可促使微藻细胞老化。无维生素时,除菌后的球等鞭金藻生长更差,暗示未除菌的球等鞭金藻培养液内可能存在产(类)维生素细菌。除菌后三角褐指藻细胞形态发生一定变化,回加细菌后藻细胞形态有部分恢复。与未除菌时相比,除菌后三角褐指藻更能耐受高温(如30℃)。另外,某些抗生素能够刺激球等鞭金藻的生长。     

免疫学方法在有害赤潮藻细胞检测中的应用

赤潮可以严重危害海洋渔业、海水养殖业和旅游业,甚至危害到人类的生命健康[1,2],它的频繁发生已经引起各国政府的高度重视。虽然可以通过每日多次实时检测海水的水文、化学要素等来推测发生赤潮的可能性[3],但是这些方法都不能直接反映有害赤潮藻的种类和数量,从而不能为赤潮监测和预报提供最直接的参考数据。实际上,对海水中的藻类进行分类、鉴定和数量分析是监测和预报赤潮发生的最直接有效的方法,这包括对水样采集、藻种类鉴定、毒性鉴定和赤潮藻定量计数等。传统的形态分类技术可以解决赤潮监测中的多数问题,但需要有经过专门训练的分…     

中国沿海和内陆高技术产业发展差异及变化趋势研究

对于推动海陆区域经济协调发展而言,有必要从海陆视角分析沿海和内陆地区高技术产业发展差异及变化趋势。本研究基于区位商模型,从数量水平和质量水平角度分别构建适用于评价海陆差距的"高技术产业总人口区位指数"和"高技术产业从业人员区位指数",对全国省级区域1997-2013年的面板数据进行系统处理,科学测算出沿海和内陆地区区位指数,并针对测算结果进行回顾与趋势分析,从二元差异、变化趋势、影响因素3方面深入研究。结果证明:沿海地区高技术产业发展水平明显优于内陆地区,海陆之间存在较为显著的二元差异;1997-2013年沿海地区高技术产业呈现稳定发展趋势,同期内陆地区高技术产业发展水平只呈现略微上升趋势;高技术产业的发展受到地理区位因素和行政区位因素的影响。     

南海开发与中国东中西产业转移的大致构想

南海在我国未来经济社会发展、资源开发、对外贸易、海域安全等多方面具有十分重要的战略意义,21世纪必须在我国实施沿海开放战略、西部大开发战略、中部崛起战略的基础上进一步实施南海开发开放战略,并将南海海洋产业发展战略与我国东中西部产业转移作为国家发展战略通盘考虑,这关系到新世纪我国经济社会发展的后劲与空间.     

数字经济与现代海洋产业体系耦合协调关系及影响因素研究

推动数字经济与现代海洋产业体系协调发展是实现海洋经济高质量发展和海洋强国战略的重要内容。通过构建综合评价体系,文章从时间和空间两个维度考察中国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)数字经济与现代海洋产业体系的耦合协调关系;并基于空间误差模型,分析了两者耦合协调度的影响因素。结果表明：沿海地区数字经济与现代海洋产业体系发展水平均呈上升趋势,两者的耦合协调度逐步向高水平迈进,呈现出“以上海和广东为中心逐渐扩散发展”的空间特征;耦合协调度呈现明显的空间自相关性,经济发展、产业结构、人力资本、科技创新水平是重要驱动因素。因此,要重视数字经济发展,积极构建数字经济与现代海洋产业体系协同机制,促进海洋产业、人力资源、科技创新协同发展,助力海洋经济高质量发展。     

我国海洋卫星体系及卫星海洋应用体系建设进展与建议

海洋卫星体系与卫星海洋应用体系是我国对地观测体系的重要组成部分,也是我国空间基础设施的重要建设目标。它的建立将完善海洋立体监测系统,并推动我国“数字海洋”工程。对该体系的具体内涵进行了描述,同时介绍该体系的进展,并提出了建设该体系的相关建议。     

刺参病害及无公害防治技术研究与应用

刺身养殖是近年来发展的特色产业,但养殖过程中病害造成极大损失。本项目在研究中确认了仿刺参皮肤溃烂和围口部肿胀流行病的病毒和细菌性病原;利用酶组织化学技     

海空重力测量及应用技术研究进展与展望(一):目的意义与技术体系

作为海空重力测量及应用技术研究进展的开篇,首先简要介绍了该项技术的研究背景,然后详细论述了海空重力测量信息的应用价值及开展该项技术研究的目的意义和应用需求,分析了海空重力测量的技术特点,提出了海空重力测量及应用技术体系的基本架构,明确了该项技术的研究内容、作业流程及各个技术环节的相互关系。     

Microalgal productivity in an estuarine lake during a drought cycle: The St. Lucia Estuary,South Africa

The St. Lucia estuarine lake on the north coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, is one of the largest estuarine systems in Africa and of unique importance for the adjacent marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The area regularly experiences periods of drought, resulting in hypersaline conditions in its shallow lakes and the closure of the estuarine mouth. This study aimed to assess the primary production rates of phytoplankton and microphytobenthos throughout an annual cycle of this drought phase. Primary production rates were assessed at representative sites, namely the Mouth, Narrows, South and North Lakes from June 2006 to May 2007. Because of the drought, the salinity gradient from the mouth to the head of the estuary was reversed by comparison to estuarine systems with a steady freshwater inflow and regular marine exchange. In March 2007, during the study, the mouth opened as a result of rough seas, and the marine influence broke the existing reversed gradient, producing a marine salinity throughout the system. Microphytobenthic primary productivity varied between 0 and 34 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹ and showed strong correlations with salinity, DIN:DIP ratios and irradiance. Benthic productivity was high across the system after breaching of the mouth. Pelagic primary productivity (between 0 and 180 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹), showed a correlation with temperature and irradiance and was highest across the system in February 2007 when the mouth was still closed. There was no significant correlation between production rates and biomass (chl-a) in either the benthic or pelagic habitats. The negative correlation between DIN:DIP ratio and benthic primary productivity indicated that phosphorus was the limiting nutrient. This study shows that salinity, along with seasonally dependent parameters such as temperature and irradiance, correlates with the rate of microalgal production. Hence, in these shallow lakes, the largest primary productivity can occur in either the pelagic or benthic subsystems, depending on prevailing conditions at the time.     

中国海洋卫星遥感应用进展

我国海洋遥感应用自20世纪70年代起步以来,取得了长足发展,构建了覆盖海洋水色、海洋动力和海洋监视监测的三大系列海洋卫星,并初步形成了具有优势互补的卫星海洋遥感业务化应用体系。本文回顾了我国海洋卫星遥感应用取得的重要进展,重点介绍了卫星遥感在海洋环境与资源监测、海洋灾害监测、海洋权益维护、海洋环境预报与安全保障等方面所构建的典型应用示范系统,以及开展的典型业务化监测应用。最后,文章对我国海洋卫星遥感应用下一步发展进行了展望分析。     

Flexible management of fishing rights and a sustainable fisheries industry in Europe

Although overexploitation of commercial fish stocks in European waters has been in the public debate now for more than 20 years, the European Union has so far failed to implement sustainable fisheries management. Millions in subsidies paid to the fishing industry have led to significant excess capacity in the fishing fleet. Various feeble attempts to stop overexploitation of marine resources have failed. The cause is that fishing policy is highly dominated by short-term socioeconomic interests. There is an urgent need for a new fisheries management system in Europe that supports reductions in the fishing fleet, increases responsibility among fishers and guarantees long-term conservation of natural marine resources.Transferable rights to fish have proved a reliable and effective means of creating incentives to conserve marine resources. By strengthening individual fishing rights under flexible quota management systems, the EU Member States could, within the Common Fisheries Policy, make a significant contribution to conserving fish stocks, to reducing excess capacity and to raising the profitability of the fisheries industry. A closer look at existing reservations against a flexible management system shows most of the objections to be overstated or capable of resolution.     

我国微藻产业标准化现状及展望

微藻应用前景广阔,是国际生物技术领域新资源物种和新资源产品开发的热点方向。我国的微藻开发应用已超过半个世纪,养殖产量已达全球的三分之二,微藻受到越来越多的关注。但微藻产业在我国发展还不规范,其产业标准体系亟待完善。本文介绍了我国微藻产业发展历史、现状及发展趋势,并阐述了微藻产业标准化体系构建的重要性。针对微藻种质资源评价、生产养殖技术规范、产品质量安全标准体系等方面,较为全面地分析了我国微藻产业标准化存在的问题。结合微藻产业标准化现状,围绕种质资源分类的基础类标准,规范产品生产技术工艺的技术规程类标准,产品营养成分或活性物质的检测方法类标准以及反映产品质量和安全的产品类标准四个维度,提出了关于构建微藻产业标准化体系的思考,并对加强我国微藻产业标准化工作提出对策建议。     

世界海洋捕捞业发展概况、趋势及对我国的启示

由于海洋渔业资源的衰退,目前世界海洋捕捞业进入"零增长"的徘徊期。当前世界海洋捕捞业呈现以下发展趋势:海洋渔业资源争夺日益激烈,海洋捕捞业管理制度日益严格,世界海洋捕捞业产业转移趋势日趋明显,海洋捕捞业技术装备要求越来越高,国际社会越来越重视海洋捕捞业可持续发展。面对世界海洋捕捞业的发展趋势,我国应当继续发展资源养护型海洋渔业,从生态系统角度考虑海洋捕捞业管理措施,积极稳妥发展远洋渔业,参与国际渔业资源的开发,重视海洋捕捞业装备技术水平的提高。     

培育海洋经济新增长点的运作规律、机理与途径研究

以“解剖态势、研究机理、寻找对策”为旨意,对我国海洋新兴产业增长点进行走势分析与规律研究,探讨发展的机理,分析障碍因素,提出产业政策和发展途径。作者认为,我国海洋新兴产业的增长点,已经进入成长期,具备了规模化、社会化发展的条件。要使其健康、持续发展,必须深入研究其演进中独具特点的众多因素、条件的运作机理。从海洋资源、环境、技术、产业所形成的供求约束综合分析,应认识和掌握三方面的运作机理：(1)资源不确定性、环境外部性对海洋新兴产业发展的影响及其校正;(2)海洋高新技术商品化、产业化、社会化的依次递进与协调运作机理;(3)市场机制与政府行为引导海洋新兴产业健康发展的协调机理。促进海洋新兴产业增长点的规模化、社会化发展,必须制定科学的扶持政策体系,寻求新的发展途径。     

我国海洋卫星数据应用发展现状与思考

海洋科学是一门依赖于观测的学科, 而卫星是海洋研究的重要观测平台之一, 海洋卫星数据在海洋科学研究中具有重要的意义。21世纪初以来, 我国陆续发射了多颗专门用于海洋观测的卫星, 初步拥有自主海洋卫星全球观测网络。本文针对国内外海洋卫星资源基本情况, 总结了我国海洋卫星数据应用发展现状, 特别是海洋卫星数据接收、处理、管理、应用等方面的情况, 并分析、探讨了我国海洋科学研究对卫星数据的需求, 以及我国海洋卫星数据科学应用存在的问题和发展策略。     

Upgrading and exploitation in the fishing industry: Contributions of value chain analysis

This article presents a framework for fisheries sector analysis based on the literatures on global value chains (GVCs) and global production networks (GPNs). A value chain approach offers an alternative to focusing primarily on policy as an explanatory variable, by bringing into focus relations among buyers, sellers and other stakeholders as well as their institutional context. After outlining the utility of this approach, the article identifies three questions at the forefront of contemporary debates on the dynamics of GVCs and GPNs. Namely: (1) How institutional context affects distributional and regulatory outcomes; (2) The conditions under which particular institutions that limit or regulate market forces are either productive or perverse; and (3) Why and how particular markets are constituted in the ways that they are. The article then showcases some of the central findings from the case studies brought together in this thematic issue, demonstrating how they contribute to current analytic debates surrounding value chains and core substantive problems facing both fisheries and those engaged in the fishing industry.     

Laser scanning and digital outcrop geology in the petroleum industry: A review

The use of lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) systems for modelling petroleum reservoir analogues has become increasingly popular over the past few years, and there has been a proliferation of articles on the subject both on techniques and applications. A review of the literature of recent years has been conducted focussing on the use of lidar data not only in petroleum geology related projects, but also looking to the wider field of lidar usage to examine what other approaches may be of use to the petroleum geologist. Benefits of digital data acquisition are considered, as well as a basic overview of data collection approaches. Use of a variety of attributes (intensity, colour, dip, azimuth, co-linearity, co-planarity among others) is discussed as an aid to both manual and automated interpretation approaches. Integration of lidar data with other data types from traditional field data (sedimentary logs for example) and other digital data types such as multispectral and hyperspectral imagery, and ground penetrating radar are discussed as a way of increasing the amount of information in the digital dataset. The application of artificial intelligence approaches such as Smart Swarms and Neural Networks are considered, as well as current developments in both hardware and software. A variety of examples are given where lidar has been used in an innovative or interesting way, showing the strength of this data acquisition approach when combined with appropriate interpretation and modelling techniques.