用Burst技术改善CINRAD/SA天气雷达相位噪声

为了改善系统相位噪声及地物杂波抑制能力,对国内部分CINRAD/SA天气雷达实施了Burst技术改造,以减少和消除发射信号相位抖动的影响。为了检验CINRAD/SA天气雷达在Burst技术改造后相位噪声及地物杂波抑制能力的改善效果,采用理论分析、性能测试和回波数据分析等方法对性能进行了测试。检验结果表明,Burst技术改造后CINRAD/SA天气雷达系统的相位噪声降低约0.05°,地物杂波抑制能力提高到55dB以上,相位噪声及地物杂波抑制能力改善较明显,可作为其他型号天气雷达技术改造的良好借鉴。     

脉冲多普勒气象雷达发射机相位稳定性分析

简要介绍了低相位噪声多普勒天气雷达发射机的特点和组成,脉冲多普勒气象雷达对发射机相位稳定性的要求,发射机满足脉冲多普勒气象雷达的要求所面临的关键技术问题。为了改善相位噪声,在发射机中采用了全固态调制器、回扫充电技术、充电校平技术和同步交流方波稳流灯丝电源等技术。分析了发射机影响脉冲多普勒气象雷达检测性能的主要因素以及射频脉冲信号受寄生调制的影响而产生的边带相位噪声,发现在发射机射频信号中不需要的寄生调制和噪声是由一系列源产生的,影响脉冲多普勒气象雷达相位稳定性的主要因素有射频激励源、电源纹波、脉冲时间抖动、幅度调制、颤噪效应、电磁感应和电磁干扰辐射源等。这些不需要的边带噪声限制了脉冲多普勒气象雷达在杂波中探测目标的能力。     

滨州CINRAD／SA雷达接收机动态异常分析与处理

雷达接收机的动态范围指标异常是接收系统性能恶化的标志,接收系统性能恶化会降低雷达产品的可靠性及可用性,影响雷达的探测和预警能力。通过对CINRAD/SA雷达的多次测试、分析和故障排查等一系列过程,详细分析了导致接收机动态范围异常的原因,迅速定位故障点并解决故障,为新一代天气雷达数字接收机动态异常故障维修提供方法与借鉴。     

CINRAD/CC雷达接收机特性曲线异常诊断

依据新一代天气雷达接收机系统工作原理及接收系统特性曲线关键点参数测量方法,结合对CINRAD/CC新一代天气雷达系统特性曲线异常故障的分析,提出了接收系统特性曲线异常故障诊断流程及处理方法,该方法在排除CINRAD/CC新一代天气雷达接收机特性曲线异常的故障实践中得到验证,结果表明:采用这种诊断流程和处理方法不仅快捷、有效,还具有规范性和稳定性,可为雷达技术保障人员处理各种型号新一代天气雷达接收机特性曲线异常故障提供借鉴.     

CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达伺服系统故障分析

通过晋城CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达伺服系统的故障维修工作,以及对CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达伺服系统组成和工作原理的研究,针对CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达伺服系统在实际运行过程中出现的各种问题进行分析、归纳和总结,提出了两种CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达伺服系统故障分析方法——快速定位故障法与应对疑难故障法,其相对快捷的分类检修方法,为以后的CTL 713C型多普勒天气雷达技术保障提供借鉴,进而有效地提高天气雷达保障的工作效率。     

新一代天气雷达回波异常情况分析

针对新一代天气雷达CINRAD/SA,在运行过程中出现的雷达回波异常情况,从新一代天气雷达受到外界电磁波的干扰、计算机系统、接收机系统、天伺系统等方面,来分析造成雷达回波异常的故障成因,在此基础上,归纳出该型号雷达在使用过程中出现回波异常时,雷达操作、维护人员应掌握的故障排查方法及技巧.     

双线偏振雷达双通道一致性及测试方法研究

从偏振天气雷达通道一致性的重要性出发,分析了雷达系统本身特性(天线、接收机、旋转铰链和馈线)对双通道一致性的影响。结合目前国内外偏振雷达所能达到的指标,提出了双通道一致性的测试内容和方法,并给出性能指标要求。根据上述方法,获得了北京市气象局C波段双线偏振天气雷达天线和双通道的测试结果,对如何提高双线偏振雷达的性能及评估性能好坏具有一定的参考意义。     

CINRAD/CC型新一代天气雷达激励源故障分析

激励源是全相参多普勒天气雷达发射分系统射频激励调制脉冲信号和标定分系统射频测试调制脉冲信号的提供者,如果激励源输出的RF调制脉冲信号的功率下降比较多,或者时序控制脉冲幅度和脉宽发生变化,或者进入激励源的本振1、本振2的频率和功率发生变化,都将引起发射机发射功率的大幅度下降,从而造成回波信号异常等故障现象.通过2010年10月27日新疆阿克苏天气雷达激励源故障现象,并结合激励源的基本原理及雷达正常运行和非正常情况下关键点波形的对比分析揭示了CINAD/CC天气雷达激励源故障的成因,给出了故障诊断依据和测试排除的具体办法,为保证天气雷达业务实时运转提供了保障.     

CINRAD/CD型天气雷达汇流环故障剖析

汇流环作为CINRAD/CD型天气雷达的重要组成部件,在雷达系统的运行过程中起到十分重要的作用,该文以毕节站新一代天气雷达系统汇流环故障实例,着重介绍CINRAD/CD型天气雷达汇流环的功能、结构、汇流环故障分类及其故障原因分析、给出故障排除方法,旨在提高技术保障人员排障能力.     

天气雷达回波信号去噪中小波分析应用

天气雷达回波信号不可避免地包含了噪声,噪声的存在严重影响了对雷达回波信号的精确分析。为了提高雷达回波信号的信噪比,采用了近年来在数字信号处理领域极速发展的小波分析方法,通过试验分析确定小波基函数、分解层数、阈值和阈值量化方式。结果表明,小波分析去噪的方法能有效地抑制叠加在雷达回波信号上的噪声,去噪后的雷达回波信号信噪比明显提高,具有较高的实用价值。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.