南海南部礼乐海区二维地震资料的高分辨率处理方法

南海南部礼乐海区以其丰富的油气资源储备成为我国油气勘探的后备区,目前勘探程度低,地震资料较少,仅有少量的二维地震资料。由于该区地形复杂、水深变化范围大,因此在地震数据中发育着多种类型的干扰波,加之该批数据道数少、信噪比低,上述因素都成为高分辨率处理的难点。针对该区地震数据的特征,采用多种手段的真振幅恢复技术以及异常振幅压制等预处理方法;采用串联反褶积提高了资料的分辨率;根据多次波的类型分别采用τ-p域预测反褶积、速度滤波、内切除等组合方法压制多次波。从资料处理的效果来看,使得浅、中、深层能量得到平衡,多次波等各类干扰波得到了较好的压制,资料的信噪比和分辨率都得到了提高,最后得到了高分辨率的地震剖面。     

低信噪比条件下地震叠加速度的提取技术

主要讨论了如何针对低信噪比地震资料进行更加精确的叠加速度提取问题.首先介绍了叠前多域LIFT去噪以及共反射面元叠加(CRS)等关键技术以提高地震数据的信噪比;其次研究了基于相位相关的连续速度分析方法以提高叠加速度提取的精度;最后总结出一套精确提取低信噪比条件下地震叠加速度的方法.     

基于预测反褶积的海底鸣震压制方法

多次波问题是海洋地震勘探中最突出的问题之一,多次波的存在影响地震成像的真实性和可靠性,干扰地震资料的解释.尤其在海底起伏不平时的鸣震干扰,至今还没有很有效的办法.研究提出的两步法预测反褶积压制海底鸣震方法,就是利用基于精细海底调查的结果获得预测步长或由直达波、折射波反演求取预测步长,在共炮点域和共检波点域分别应用预测反...     

基于改进广义S变换的时变反射系数反演

由于地层吸收衰减等因素的影响,实际地震子波会随传播时间及空间发生变化,因此,若采用统一子波对非平稳地震记录进行反演将导致所求反射系数的不准确。本文利用改进广义S变换对地震资料进行时频分析,据此提取时变地震子波,重新构建时变子波褶积模型并求解相应的L1范数稀疏约束正则化问题,实现了基于改进广义S变换的时变反射系数反演,由此可获得与常规方法相比具有更高精度的反演结果。     

共反射面元叠加技术在南海北部莺—琼盆地中的应用

随着莺—琼盆地油气勘探开发的不断深入,2 700m以下的中深层地震资料品质迫切需要提高,而改善信噪比提高成像质量则是需要深入研究的重点内容之一。基于共反射面元(CRS)叠加在改善中深层地震资料信噪比方面具有理论和技术应用优势,由于考虑了反射层的局部特征和第一菲涅耳带内的全部反射,对复杂地质问题的适应性得以增强,真正实现了高信噪比叠加,从而改善中深层低信噪比区的成像质量。通过理论研究分析、模型试处理及莺—琼盆地实际地震资料处理中具体的应用与试验,取得了明显的效果,即该区中深层地震资料信噪比显著增强,大大提高了解释的可靠程度。总之,共反射面元叠加技术在莺—琼盆地具有较高的推广应用价值。     

地震静校正的相对时延法

折射波时延法假设折射层速度横向变化不大和折射面起伏不大,且同时求取炮点和接收点的延迟时间,存在"此消彼长"的问题。针对这些问题,提出了折射波相对时延法。利用共炮点道集相邻接收点的折射波时差和共接收点道集相邻炮点的折射波时差,实现了炮点相对延时和接收点相对延时的独立求取,并利用已知控制点上的绝对延时或基准面静校正值,结合基点网平差方法,把相对延时转成绝对延时或基准面静校正量。同时,通过对相邻两道记录进行互相关确定相邻道的折射波时差,避免了低信噪比地震资料连续追踪同一折射层来拾取初至时间的困难。对理论模型合成数据和实际资料的测试表明,相对时延法克服了常用时延法的不足,对折射层速度变化和折射面起伏有较强的适应性。     

浅水环境下多次反射折射波条带范围的研究

浅水地震资料中,直达波上方会出现一个明显的"扫帚状"的条带,确定其地震波成份有利于对地震传播规律的认识,可为海上实际作业建立合适的观测系统提供参考依据,同时也可为后期资料处理提供理论依据。本文在陆地多次反射折射波传播路径分析的基础上,通过对简单模型的数值模拟结果分析,确定了浅水环境中位于直达波上方的"扫帚状"条带为海底表层介质产生的多次反射折射波的整体反映。定量分析了多次反射折射波的"扫帚状"条带的范围及其影响因素,并结合实际地震资料进行了验证。     

浅层初至折射地震资料的自动解释

1 前言自先进的电子计算机和计算机处理技术引入地震勘探领域,无论是地震资料的采集,还是资料的处理解释都日趋于自动化。极大地提高了勘探精度和可靠程度。但这仅限于反射波法地震勘探。而对于折射波法发展较慢,尤其是在资料处理解释方面更是如此。对于浅层初至折射波法,由于数据量较少,其资料处理解释工作仍用人工来完成。本文根据这一情况,讨论在IBM-PC机上对浅层初至折射波地震资料进行自动解释并在绘图仪上绘制解释成果图件的实现原理与方法。并对实际资料进行了处理,经与人工解释的成果资料对比,两者非常接近。因此,用微机对初至折射资料进行自动解释代替人工解释是可行的,     

基于tau-p域相干控制束偏移方法

在实际地震资料数据中,存在一定的随机噪音和低信噪比的干扰信号,高斯射线束偏移方法对τ-p域坐标图板上所有的能量进行偏移成像,因此导致其偏移成像存在随机噪音情况,干扰了地下构造成像质量基于τ-p域相干性控制束偏移是本文在高斯束偏移方法的基础上,利用了在τ-p倾斜叠加原理图进行的能量相干加权提出的成像方法。该方法采用倾斜叠加前后相干值对比策略,根据倾斜叠加前与沿着t=τ+px进行倾斜叠加能量加权相干后将地震波束的有效能量约束在一定的范围内,倾斜叠加原理图上那些相对振幅较强的样点,意味着为地下同相轴倾斜叠加强点,再经过相干加权,能大大的压制地下随机噪音等,能充分的改善复杂构造区域的成像质量,也通过Marmousi模型引入不同的低信噪比数据和某探区的实际资料进行测试来验证这种方法的正确性和有效性。     

分时窗合成地震记录方法在南黄海的应用

南黄海以往一般采用单时窗合成地震记录,即对测井曲线求得反射系数与理论子波进行褶积,但由于地层浅部和深部的频率不同,导致合成地震记录和实际地震剖面吻合得不好.提出了对地震资料采用分时窗提取子波合成地震记录的方法,从井旁地震道提取地震子波进行频谱分析,地层浅部和深部地震子波的主频和波形不同,并考虑时延特性,采用分析结果的地...     

Wave measurement based on light refraction

Some authors have developed a few methods of measuring wave slopes based on light refraction, including the measurement method via the distribution of light intensity or color under water. A new method based on light refraction is specified for the measurement of wave surface elevation in wave flume via imaging technology. A plane painted with black and white stripes is put on the flume floor as an indication plane, which can be arranged easily and cheaply. Compared with the previous methods, the present method is less sensitive to the noise and nonlinear effects of optical process, which can be taken as a digital method. The CCD camera is fixed above the flume with its optical axis arranged vertically to grab the images of stripes modulated by the wave surface. The modulated value can be calculated from the Hilbert transform, and then the wave surface elevation can be obtained. The algorithm and experimental procedure are specified in detail, and some experimental results are provided to show the validity of the present method.     

Wave measurement based on light refraction

Some authors have developed a few methods of measuring wave slopes based on light refraction, including the measurement method via the distribution of light intensity or color under water. A new method based on light refraction is specified for the measurement of wave surface elevation in wave flume via imaging technology. A plane painted with black and white stripes is put on the flume floor as an indication plane, which can be arranged easily and cheaply. Compared with the previous methods, the present method is less sensitive to the noise and nonlinear effects of optical process, which can be taken as a digital method. The CCD camera is fixed above the flume with its optical axis arranged vertically to grab the images of stripes modulated by the wave surface. The modulated value can be calculated from the Hilbert transform, and then the wave surface elevation can be obtained. The algorithm and experimental procedure are specified in detail, and some experimental results are provided to show the validity of the present method.     

Computation of Wave Refraction-Diffraction with Error Vector Propagation Method

After modifying the basic computation model made by Panchang (1988), the error vector propagation (EVP) method has been adopted to compute the combined effects of water wave refraction and diffraction in the presence of reflection boundary. The results show that the present method is successful in restraining the noise in Panchang's solution. Compared to other numerical methods for the mild-slope wave equation, EVP method can both consider the influence of reflection and save computer memory and computing time.     

A method minimizing the correlation properties of a noise field andimproving detection of signals embedded in anisotropic noise

This paper deals with the development of a processing technique that improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the single sensor for a received signal that is embedded in a partially correlated noise field. The approach of this study is unique in that the noise is treated as being non-white and partially correlated. The concept of the proposed development is based on the time interval over which the temporal coherence or correlation properties of a noise field are defined. For narrowband signals, the associated temporal coherence period is much longer than the correlation time interval of the anisotropic noise field. Thus, a coherent integration of discontinuous segments of received signals will enhance the SNR at the single sensor by lowering the correlation properties of the associated non-white noise. Reconstruction of the narrow-band signal time series, with improved SNR at the sensor will allow the use of the existing high resolution techniques to be utilized more effectively by lowering their threshold values in order to detect very weak signals. The intention here is to integrate the characteristics of the real anisotropic noise field during the preliminary processing stages of the received signals by an array of sensors. Simulations show that the proposed method can be integrated in the signal processing functionality of sonar and radar systems     

基于二阶锥规划的空域维纳滤波

提出了基于二阶锥规划的空域维纳滤波。基于噪声与阵列流型不相关的特性,将阵列的方向向量作为期望通过二阶锥规划方法对阵列快拍进行维纳滤波。利用维纳滤波抑制噪声的能力,提高阵列的信号检测和方位估计性能。通过仿真研究,验证了单目标时,其低信噪比下的信号检测性能优于Bartlett波束形成,其方位估计的信噪比门限要低于Bartlett波束形成和MUSIC算法,因而是一种优良的波束形成器。该波束形成器用于多波束测深仪和侧扫声纳等海洋测绘设备的阵列,可以有效的提高设备的作用距离和测量精度。     

Relationship between Shot-Induced Noise and Shot Interval in Seismic Refraction Experiments at Sea

Seismic noise induced by the seismic source during continuous profiling reduces the signal-to-noise ratio and hence the data quality. This noise is largely dependent on the shot interval. In this paper, the noise amplitude of refraction seismic records from a special experiment is analysed as a function of the shot interval. An empirical exponential relationship between mean peak noise amplitude and shot interval is deduced. By increasing the shot interval, the induced noise can be minimized on all successive records. This results in an improvement of the data, predominantly the signal-to-noise ratio. Because the seismic signal and the shot-induced noise have nearly the same spectra, the chance of improving the signal-to-noise ratio by stacking is significantly reduced.     

航海雷达图像噪声抑制方法研究

针对航海雷达图像上常见的同频干扰噪声,提出了一种有效的抑制方法。该方法采用阈值分割技术对噪声进行检测,然后对检测出的噪声点进行插值修复。使用X波段航海雷达图像对该方法进行检验。采用信噪比、偏差指数和相关系数等指标进行定量评价。结果表明,提出的新方法既能显著地抑制航海雷达图像的同频干扰噪声,又能较好地保持原始图像的信息,具有良好的降噪效果。它的综合性能明显优于传统的均值滤波和中值滤波方法。     

多波束测深残余折射处理技术的对比研究

针对多波束条幅存在的残余声线折射影响,加拿大Caris HIPS多波束资料处理软件除了支持声速剖面改正外,还提供了一个折射改正工具。该折射改正工具简单易用,效果所见即所得,能够快速消除声线折射产生的假地形。通过实测数据对这两种改正方法的结果进行了比较。     

近海面蒸发波导和大气负折射的统一监测模型研究

近海面的蒸发波导和大气负折射都是海洋大气表面层的异常折射结构,两者对电磁波传播都具有重要影响。利用M-O近地层相似理论推导了蒸发波导的模型,利用等效蒸发波导高度推导了大气负折射与蒸发波导的统一监测模型及其廓线结构参数的bulk计算方法,比较分析了蒸发波导与大气负折射在廓线结构方面的特征和差异,并利用2002年5月福建平潭岛的试验数据验证分析了大气负折射监测模型机廓线计算方法的适用性。     

干旱区大气折光对三角高程测量精度的影响及分析

大气垂直折光是影响三角高程测量精度的主要因素,视线距离地面较高时,在有利观测时段进行垂直角观测(中午),并用传统的方法进行数据处理可有效减弱大气折光影响。而在沙漠戈壁滩等干旱环境下这两种条件难于实现。从数据处理的角度,结合某测区高程导线的观测数据探讨了减弱折光影响的一种改进的平差模型,与传统方法相比能取得较好效果。