Evaluation of buttress wall shapes to limit movements induced by deep excavation

Three-dimension finite element analyses of deep excavations with buttress walls were performed to evaluate the effect of buttress wall shapes on limiting movements induced by deep excavation. Results showed that a combination of the rectangular and the capital L-letter shapes (RL-shape) yielded the greatest performance in reducing wall deflections and ground surface settlements. The main deformation-control mechanism mainly came from the horizontal and vertical frictional resistances of buttress walls against adjacent soils which were pushed by wall deflections and the soil heave at the excavation bottom, respectively. Besides, the RL-shape buttress walls were successfully verified through a well-documented case history.     

深基坑内撑式支护结构综合刚度研究

基于Clough系统刚度,提出一种可综合考虑内撑式基坑围护墙、内支撑和墙后土体刚度的支护体系综合刚度表达式,以较好地预测基坑变形。将Clough支护刚度、Bolton支护刚度和文中综合支护刚度应用于天津地铁6号线22个基坑工程469个围护墙测斜案例中,结果表明,基坑围护结构最大变形随着无量纲综合支护体系刚度(η?)的增大而减小,当η?增大到一定值后,其变形值趋于恒定。进一步分析土体不排水抗剪强度调动率,得到天津地铁6号线地铁基坑墙后土体调动率不大于0.6,远小于上限值0.8,说明天津地铁基坑建设具有足够的安全储备。研究成果可为同类工程经济性和安全性设计提供借鉴。     

An expert system for selection of retaining walls and groundwater controls in deep excavation

A rule-based expert system has been built for selection of both retaining wall types and groundwater control methods in deep excavations in Wuhan city. For this expert system, a new type of generation rule is developed in which one condition is able to be defined with a “third state” that not only contributes directly to reaching the conclusion in a rule, but also factors into calculating the reliability of the conclusion. The traditional backward chaining technique has been improved to accommodate the change of a rule type and a fuzzy backward chaining method IRO has been established to increase reasoning flexibility. Using IRO as a fundamental element, it is convenient to form a complicated reasoning network in the inference engine. Finally, two knowledge bases are built from more than 100 case histories and other resources, and the new expert system proves to be effective in case studies.     

A novel strut-free retaining wall system for deep excavation in soft clay: numerical study

This paper presents a novel strut-free earth retaining wall system for excavation in soft clay, referred to as the rigid and fixed diaphragm (RFD) wall retaining system. The RFD system is comprised of four main structures—diaphragm walls, rib-walls, cross walls, and buttress walls—and a complementary structure—the cap-slab. The characteristics of the RFD system are: (1) the formation of a continuous earth retaining wall by constructing diaphragm walls along the circumference of the excavated zone; (2) the formation of a rigid and fixed retaining wall system by a series of rib-walls and cross walls; and (3) the formation of a rigid retaining wall by buttress walls and the cap-slab. Furthermore, the performance and mechanisms of the RFD system were investigated carefully through three-dimensional finite element analyses. The results demonstrated that the system stiffness of the RFD system was a major factor controlling deformations induced by excavation. Moreover, the excavation geometry determined the dimension of each component of the RFD system.

     

A case study of strut-free excavation retaining system

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents a successful design of a strut-free excavation retaining system, namely the TPKE project. The TPKE excavation project was 13.2 m deep, covering...     

基于一个上限分析方法的深基坑抗隆起稳定分析

提出了一个以塑性力学的上限分析理论为基础的深基坑基底抗隆起稳定分析方法;该法从地基极限承载力的普朗德尔-瑞斯纳解答的滑裂面出发,建立基本破坏模式。引入莫尔-库伦屈服准则得到其流动法则后,求得塑性区的协调速度场,从而通过虚功率原理求得深基坑基底的极限承载力,最终求得深基坑的基底抗隆起稳定安全系数;将该方法应用于上海浦东张杨路商业购物中心第一商厦的深基坑分析,揭示了该商厦施工期间基坑基底发生严重隆起破坏的内在原因。     

深埋隧洞爆破开挖扰动损伤效应的数值模拟

爆破开挖扰动是深埋隧洞损伤区孕育及演化的重要影响因素。根据隧洞岩体钻爆开挖过程分析了爆炸荷载及开挖荷载瞬态卸荷对岩体的扰动作用,基于LS-DYNA动力有限元程序,提出了利用施加节点反力模拟待开挖隧洞岩体的约束作用,通过控制节点反力的变化过程以模拟开挖荷载瞬态卸荷,采用爆炸荷载变化曲线模拟爆炸作用过程的爆破开挖扰动数值模拟方法,并利用该方法模拟分析了爆破开挖扰动对围岩的损伤效应,结果表明,应力重分布对围岩损伤最大,隧洞围岩损伤区主要由围岩初始应力重分布所导致,爆炸荷载作用将增大围岩损伤区范围,考虑开挖荷载瞬态卸荷作用的围岩损伤区最大,且地应力越高,开挖荷载瞬态卸荷作用对围岩的损伤效应越显著     

挖深不同情况下基坑支护结构性状研究

崩塌是黄土高原地区最常见、致灾最为严重的地质灾害之一。本文通过野外钻探,采用原位地震波测试的方法,详细分析了离石黄土崩塌隐患体内部的波速结构特征。结果发现,在竖直方向上,地震波速整体随深度增加而增大;水平方向上,地震波速自边坡坡面向坡体内部逐渐增大。结合数值模拟,发现崩塌隐患体由于受到卸荷回弹作用的影响,产生了指向坡外的形变。形变增量的大小与距离边坡坡面的远近有关,距离坡面越近形变增量越大,致使对应土体的密实度减小。密实度的减小是隐患体内部波速存在差异的重要原因。研究表明,利用地震波速的变化规律可以宏观反映崩塌隐患体内部结构特征,进而指导黄土崩塌地质灾害的防治研究。     

深基坑预应力锚杆柔性支护的非线性有限元分析

运用非线性有限元方法,对一种新型的预应力锚杆柔性支护技术进行了数值分析。基于反映预应力锚杆柔性支护机理模型,对其力学性能进行了研究,并与两种不同间距的土钉支护进行了类比。结果表明：对变形要求严格时使用该种预应力锚杆柔性支护可以更有效地控制变形。     

深基坑开挖中桩墙体系支护的结构优化设计

针对桩墙加内支撑这种支护型式在常规支护结构设计中所存在的不足,提出了一种优化设计方法,通过决策变量、约束条件、目标函数、优化算法的确立以及计算机程序的编制,成功实现了桩墙体系支护结构的参数优化设计。     

深基坑双排桩支护结构设计计算方法研究

考虑了土压力的空间效应,分析并计算了冠梁对双排桩支护结构的变形协调作用;考虑了滑移面和排距对作用在前后排桩上的土压力的影响,在弹性地基梁法的基础上,提出了一种新的双排桩支护结构设计计算模型。将理论计算结果与工程实测资料进行了对比分析,结果表明应用该计算模型进行计算,能得到有效的计算结果。     

一种考虑挡土墙变形的深基坑非线性土压力方法

基于深基坑墙后主动区土体应变状态模式的假定,采用反映墙后主动区土体应力-应变性状的卸荷应力路径试验确定的应力-应变关系,建立考虑挡土墙变形的非线性土压力的计算公式;就该公式的特点、参数的物理意义及其确定进行讨论;并对一简单算例进行计算,计算结果能反映土压力与挡墙位移的非线性关系以及土压力沿深度的非线性分布,得到墙后主动区土体达到主动极限状态所需的位移与深度的关系,计算结果比较满意.表明所建立的方法的合理性、可行性和适用性.     

深基坑双排桩支护结构上的变形和土压力研究

根据某大型深基坑工程的实测资料,对双排桩支护结构上的截面弯矩、变形和土压力分布特征进行了研究,并对基坑开挖的空间效应、冠梁刚度对土压力的影响、支护结构变形与土压力分布的关系、双排桩支护结构与土的相互作用机制等进行分析。研究表明,深基坑双排桩支护结构上的土压力分布是十分复杂的,用传统的土压力计算方法估算双排桩支护结构上的土压力存在较大偏差。其研究结果为双排桩支护结构上土压力设计计算模式的建立提供了依据。     

深基坑中压力型预应力锚杆柔性支护结构的离心模型试验研究

预应力锚杆柔性支护技术在软岩基坑中具有安全可靠、工期短、造价低的优点,已广泛的应用于工程实际中。针对压力型预应力锚杆在城市基坑项目中具有可拔除、节省土地资源的优势,结合大连胜利广场深基坑项目,研发了压力型预应力锚杆深基坑离心模型的制作方法,开展了应用压力型锚杆的预应力锚杆柔性支护技术作用于深基坑的离心模型试验,并采用FLAC程度建立了数值模型进行了对比验证,对基坑的变形、水平土压力、锚杆形式对锚杆预应力设计值的影响及其对滑移带的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明,不同的自由段长度导致压力型锚杆比拉力型锚杆要求具有更大的预应力设计值;压力型预应力锚杆离心模型与拉力型锚杆的FLAC数值模型都得到位置类似的直线型滑移带,二者进行了相互验证并说明压力型锚杆与拉力型锚杆这两种锚杆受力形式上的不同并没有对基坑的破坏机理造成影响。     

深埋洞室开挖瞬态卸荷诱发振动的衰减规律

深埋洞室爆破开挖过程中围岩初始地应力的瞬态卸荷会诱发振动。针对圆形隧洞开挖,分析了地应力瞬态卸荷过程中围岩应变能、动能、径向应力做功3者之间的平衡机制,并采用量纲分析,建立了基于开挖岩体应变能的瞬态卸荷诱发振动衰减公式。结合锦屏二级引水隧洞和瀑布沟地下主厂房爆破开挖实例,开展了瞬态卸荷诱发振动的识别分离,并分析了诱发振动的衰减规律。研究表明：地应力瞬态卸荷诱发振动的峰值与被开挖岩体应变能密度的二次方根成正比,且开挖卸荷体积越大,诱发振动越强烈;与Lu-Hustrulid衰减公式相比,新衰减公式应用范围更广,使用精度更高。     

Spatiotemporal deep learning approach on estimation of diaphragm wall deformation induced by excavation

Acta Geotechnica - This paper proposes a convolution neural network (CNN) based prediction method for concrete diaphragm wall (CDW) deflections. CNN algorithm is modified for processing the CDW...     

Observations of the ground and structural behaviours induced by a deep excavation in loose sands

Acta Geotechnica - Large-scale deep basement excavations are commonly used in metropolitan areas; however, previous studies focused primarily on excavations in impermeable clay instead of permeable...     

不平衡堆载作用下深基坑开挖支护结构性状研究

为了深入研究深基坑开挖中不平衡堆载作用下支护结构的内力和变形,运用岩土工程有限元软件PLAXIS模拟了不平衡堆载下深基坑开挖全过程。计算结果表明,在不平衡堆载情况下,基坑两侧围护结构内力、位移都存在较大差异,在设计时需要分别考虑支护结构参数。同时,通过大量工况的计算比较,定性地总结出了一些基本规律,为不平衡堆载作用下基坑支护结构的设计提供有益的参考。     

Tunnel complex unloaded by a deep excavation

This paper examines the effect of a deep open excavation for an office block on the underlying tunnel complex in the centre of Prague, which was analysed using 2D FEM models. In order to get a proper reference state before excavation, the whole process of construction of the tunnels was modelled and deformation and stress changes induced by open excavation predicted. Bearing capacity, distortion and watertightness of underground structures were then evaluated and recommendations concerning the construction rate and monitoring program given. A good agreement between the pure prediction of tunnel distortion produced by FEM and the measurements undertaken during excavation of the pit and construction of the office block was obtained.     

深埋隧洞开挖卸荷引起的围岩开裂特征及影响因素

通过理论分析和数值计算研究深埋地下隧洞开挖卸荷引起的围岩开裂,并分别对准静态和瞬态开挖缷荷引起的围岩开裂机制与开裂特征进行分析。采用双向受压条件下的压剪裂纹扩展模型和应力强度因子计算公式,分析了开挖面上岩体应力瞬态释放和围岩应力瞬态调整对围岩开裂过程的影响,并分别对准静态和瞬态卸荷引起的围岩开裂机制及影响因素进行探讨。研究结果表明,围岩开挖缷荷是深埋隧洞围岩发生开裂的重要原因之一,高地应力条件下围岩以剪切型断裂破坏为主;瞬态卸荷存在动态拉应力效应,开挖卸荷时间越短,引起的拉应力区及围岩开裂范围越大;围岩开裂深度及范围随着侧压力系数增加而增大,且开裂区近似成V型。深埋隧洞围岩开裂特征及影响因素研究,对进一步认识围岩开挖破坏的力学机制具有重要的意义。