考虑高振型影响的结构层间位移能力谱分析方法

工程界普遍采用的能力谱分析方法是建立在结构单自由度简化假设基础上，利用结构基本振型来进行能力分析。虽然此简化假设可以为工程界提供一种简便的分析方法，但从其分析效果来看，简化方法并不能很好地反映结构真实地震反应。高振型对结构局部变形的影响在分析结构动力反应特性中是很重要的因素，不应忽略掉。基于上述对现有能力谱分析方法不足之处的考虑，从提高结构能力谱分析方法的准确性出发，本文在Chopra能力谱分析方法的基础之上，根据我国振型分解反应谱思想，在能力谱分析方法中引入了结构高振型的影响分析，并提出了考虑结构高振型影响的结构层间位移能力谱分析方法的一般步骤。通过平面框架结构体系的算例分析，说明上述推荐方法在改进能力谱分析精度上的有效性。     

基于能力谱的概率-非概率结构体系抗震可靠度

本文用概率模型考虑结构体系抗力不确定性的主要影响因素,用凸集模型考虑地震作用的不确定性,采用能力谱方法,分别求得了结构抗力的概率分布参数及地震作用效应的区间范围,通过二级功能方程方法求得了结构体系抗震可靠度。算例给出了本文方法的计算结果,并与经典概率可靠度进行了对比,表明本文方法是一种简便、合理的结构体系抗震可靠性分析方法。     

基于Benchmark模型的抑制屈曲支撑耗能减振作用分析

抑制屈曲支撑可在拉压循环荷载作用下均达到屈服,拉压承载力基本一致,滞回曲线稳定饱满,耗能能力强。基于Benchmark模型对安装抑制屈曲支撑的钢框架结构基于ANSYS的数值分析表明,抑制屈曲支撑不仅可使结构在小震时的抗侧刚度有所提高,同时在大震时通过其往复滞回变形发挥耗能减振作用,大大地降低了结构的地震响应,提高了结构的抗震性能。同时分析表明考虑高阶振型影响的能力谱分析方法是一种更为精确的分析方法。     

随机地震作用下损伤退化结构的可靠性评价

采用线性化模型对随机地震作用下考虑循环损伤累积的结构的可靠性进行了研究。认为低于临界值的循环为疲劳损伤累积作贡献。高于临界值的循环实现临界值超越，为破坏作贡献。只考虑损伤对结构动力反应的影响，而不考虑结构动力反应的改变对损伤的影响。探讨了宽带随机过程作用下，结构损伤的计算方法问题。给出了考虑单周损伤随周数的增加而减少的一种模型，及不同幅值作用下循环的破坏极限周数之间的关系。最终得到了结构损伤随循环次数增加的积累公式。在此基础上，利用初次超限理论，对结构的可靠性进行了评价。     

损伤谱在结构抗震性能评估中的应用

改进能力谱法可以较好地评估结构抗震性能,在工程中得到了广泛的应用.本文在此基础上指出,由改进能力谱方法求得的延性是结构的延性需求,并不是结构的实际延性能力,不能以此代表结构在罕遇地震作用下的实际抗震能力.其次,基于弹塑性损伤反应谱(简称"RD谱"),结合模态Pushover分析,提出了基于RD谱的能力谱分析方法,通过R...     

结构损伤识别方法研究综述

对工程结构进行损伤识别与检测,可以发现结构损伤位置,评估损伤程度,为结构加固与修复提供依据,从而保证工程结构正常运行,进而保护人们生命财产安全,因此结构损伤识别方法研究一直是土木工程领域重要研究课题。结构损伤识别方法总体上分为确定性方法和不确定性方法,相比于确定性方法,不确定性方法考虑了识别过程中不确定因素的影响,成为目前损伤识别领域的研究热点。本文回顾了确定性方法和不确定性方法发展历程,阐述了几种常见的损伤识别方法及其优缺点,并根据国内外研究现状对结构损伤识别方法发展进行了展望,可供损伤识别方法研究与应用参考。     

钢筋混凝土结构抗震能力评估的简化能力谱方法

本文通过对现有能力谱法的研究,在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,探讨了一种简化的能力谱方法。该方法不是根据需求谱与能力谱有无交点(性能点)为评估依据,而是以能力谱为根据求出不同延性状态下既有建筑物相应的抗震能力,并与需求谱相应的谱加速度比较,判断结构的抗震能力是否满足要求。该方法不需要复杂的迭代计算来求结构的性能点,计算过程简单;同时,可以考虑既有建筑物的老化及损伤。最后,本文应用自行编制的计算程序,通过一个工程实例说明了该方法的应用及其特点。     

基于偏最小二乘线性求解的结构损伤识别

基于模态参数化线性求解结构损伤的识别方法在工程中具有较为广泛的应用。然而，在噪声的干扰下，当结构可测量的模态阶数较少时，利用该方法求解的结果会出现大量的虚假损伤，严重扰乱真实的损伤信息。针对此问题，引入了一种基于偏最小二乘多线性回归建模的方法来对损伤识别结果进行降噪处理。通过对损伤结构的频率和振型信息添加一定水平的噪声干扰，分析确定结构单元的损伤参数，并利用偏最小二乘法重构线性方程组。同时，选择识别结果较为稀疏的解作为标准样本点，利用奇异值分解法回代求解结构的损伤参数。以桁架模型为例的数值模拟结果表明，在噪声干扰下，该方法与传统最小二乘法和奇异值分解法相比，不仅损伤识别结果准确，而且能够最大程度抑制虚假损伤的产生。     

基于损伤性能并考虑主余震作用的消能减震结构抗震设计

综合考虑余震影响和结构损伤,提出一种基于损伤性能的消能减震结构抗震设计方法。为满足结构抵抗余震的性能要求,提出结合主余震的损伤性能目标。以Park-Ang双参数损伤模型为基础建立了结构层间损伤计算公式,通过损伤程度评估结构抗震性能,给出消能减震结构基于损伤性能的抗震设计流程。     

悬挂式巨型钢框架住宅受力性能分析

根据跃廊式户型,提出悬挂式巨型钢框架住宅。为研究该住宅体系的结构性能,建立三维有限元模型,考虑几何非线性,分别进行了竖向静载分析、水平风载分析、模态分析、反应谱分析和地震动时程分析,并着重考察了时程分析与反应谱分析的比较,以及不同场地类别的影响。结果表明悬挂式巨型钢框架侧移曲线总体呈剪切型;地震动作用下,悬挂结构与主体结构的地震响应存在时间差;时程分析结果的统计值与反应谱分析结果吻合较好。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.