高压旋喷注浆技术在广核大厦地基处理中的应用

现代建筑工程中高层、超高层建筑基础大部分采用桩基础。对于灰岩地区,由于工程地质条件较差,存在大量的土洞、软土层、溶洞、节理、裂隙等不良地质现象,往往极大地影响着桩基础的设计与施工。广核大厦采用高压旋喷复合地基加筏型基础。实践表明,广核大厦地基处理技术,解决了在岩溶地区挖孔桩、灌注桩、钻（冲）孔桩难于成桩且工期无法保证的技术难题,地基处理效果显著,克服了灰岩地区各种不良地质现象的影响,增加了基础施工的安全性。     

岩溶地区素混凝土桩复合地基技术的应用实例

隐伏型岩溶地区地质条件复杂,建筑物常采用桩基础,当岩溶覆盖层厚度大时可采用复合地基;近年来,对沉降控制严的重要建筑物,也开始逐步探索使用刚性桩复合地基技术的可行性。介绍了深圳市龙岗文化中心的岩溶地质条件、复合地基设计和施工情况;沉降观测结果表明,在岩溶地区使用素混凝土桩复合地基技术是可行的。对类似工程有一定的参考价值。     

岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩事故分析与处理

岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩基础施工难度大、问题多,且多为突发事故,施工中要有充分的防范意识,尽可能详尽地掌握地质资料,加强施工组织与管理,一般选用冲击钻作为岩溶地区施工的成孔设备。对常出现的漏浆、塌孔、卡钻、桩孔偏斜等事故应在回填材料充足,相关设备到位,做针对性的处理。     

岩溶地区冲孔桩施工技术措施探讨

岩溶地区由于地质条件复杂，建筑物桩基选型应慎重。根据工程经验，冲孔桩较适宜，但冲孔桩的施工仍存在一定的技术难点。某新机场航站楼地处石灰岩地区。第四系覆盖层中砂层厚度大，下伏基岩岩溶发育强烈、岩面起伏、倾角陡、裂隙发育、土洞及溶洞广泛分布，地下水埋深浅、地质条件相当复杂；冲孔桩施工时不可预见因素多，特别是成孔时事故多，全岩面难以正确判断、水下灌注混凝土困难等。在认真分析了施工过程中可能存在的技术难点后，不断摸索总结经验，有针对性的采取了各种合理有效的技术措施。     

地质雷达在溪洛渡浙西800kV特高压直流输电线路工程塔基勘察中的应用

溪洛渡浙西800kV 特高压直流输电线路经过的湘西地区交通极为不便,地形起伏较大,地质条件复杂,在这一地区开展工程钻探工作,困难重重。初勘资料表明,线路经过的灰岩区,岩溶发育强烈,对塔基稳定构成安全威胁,同时线路经过的砂岩区中部分塔基覆盖黏土层中含有风化碎屑,普通麻花钻难以准确判定覆盖层厚度。为了查明塔基下方岩溶发育情况,基岩面埋深等工程地质问题,经综合试验比选,采用地质雷达进行探测。岩溶探测过程中为了进一步查清桩孔基底之下至少5m以内的岩溶情况,除了地面工作外,还进行了桩底探测。钻探及施工开挖结果表明地质雷达能有效探查地下隐伏岩溶、基岩面、风化带、断裂及破碎带等,为合理选择塔位、设计基础深度提供了科学依据,取得了良好的应用效果。     

岩溶区客运专线桥梁桩基地质勘察方法与技术浅析

灰岩分布区岩溶发育易引发地面下沉、开裂,是地质灾害及路、桥、建筑物等工程设施的主要隐患,铁路客运专线桥梁工程一般选用桩基础的形式通过;岩溶作为一种常见的不良地质,其发育特征具有一定的规律性,但在较小范围的特定区内,其出现有着随机性,桥梁墩台勘察若依靠逐桩钻探不仅投入较大,也难以达到理想的效果。本文结合岩溶区客运专线勘察设计的经验,阐述了通过利用定测阶段钻孔和采用跨孔弹性波CT优化布置钻孔数量及位置的综合勘探方法,可以用最少的工作量则能全面、准确地揭示桥梁墩台地质情况,满足桥梁专业设计需求。     

隐伏岩溶区地下空间探测技术方法研究——以武汉市为例

岩溶地面塌陷是城市隐伏岩溶区地下空间开发过程中常见的地质环境问题,具有隐蔽性和突发性,开展隐伏岩溶区地下空间结构探测技术方法研究可以有效指导地下空间开发利用。以武汉市为例,分析武汉市岩溶地面塌陷的成因机理,提出岩溶发育程度、覆盖层厚度和结构、地下水是岩溶地面塌陷的原生地质条件,也是隐伏岩溶区地下空间探测的特征因子。通过对比分析地质雷达、高密度电阻率法、浅层地震、微动、混合源面波、瞬变电磁法、孔间层析成像和地面核磁共振法等技术方法在武汉市隐伏岩溶区地下空间探测的适用性。结果表明:地质雷达适用于浅部土层扰动探测,小极距的高密度电阻率法和混合源面波适宜于覆盖层的厚度和结构探测,浅层地震、微动和孔间层析成像适宜岩溶发育特征探测,地面核磁共振法可通过岩溶地下水的富水性辅助岩溶发育程度探测。     

广西喀斯特地区某工程人工挖孔桩施工问题与对策实践

广西喀斯特地区(以下称岩溶地区)岩溶发育、地下水丰富、水位埋藏浅的场地,人工挖孔桩施工中常遇到一些对施工不利的条件,本文通过工程实例,对岩溶地区类似工进行讨论,以期同行注意。     

海岸带特殊地质条件下双排钢板桩适用性案例分析

双排钢板桩结构是由两排钢板桩、桩间土和拉杆组成的挡土、止水复合结构,由于其较土石围堤占地面积小、施工速度快,较钢板桩整体性好,抗地震和波浪等动力稳定性好,在水利、水运、海岸工程中广泛应用。但由于钢板桩受地质条件影响较大,其使用效果和投入成本不尽相同。本文重点搜集和调查了国内外海岸带工程中使用双排钢板桩的工程案例,分别针对岩溶发育的岩性地基,高渗透性的砂性地基和深厚淤泥质软土地基对双排钢板桩的性能影响和设计约束进行分析。结合原有地质条件和设计资料,采用有限元软件补充计算分析,分析研究在各种不同类型的工程地质条件和水文条件下双排钢板桩的应用效果,总结双排钢板桩在海岸带不同工程地质条件下的适用性。发现在岩溶发育地层施工双排钢板桩需要防止打桩造成垂直度差和岩溶连通性带来的渗漏问题;在砂土地层需要防止钢板桩倾斜变形造成锁扣止水性能劣化,进而导致渗漏水甚至出现流砂;在淤泥地层施工时打入桩施工和桩身止水性能都能得到保证,但可能发生较大桩身整体变形,同时应考虑内侧坑底加固以避免踢脚稳定性破坏。本文的研究对发展海岸带生态工程地质和沿海韧性水工建筑物具有工程指导价值。     

岩溶塌陷区刚性桩复合地基技术应用

在覆盖型岩溶地区,地面塌陷是一种常见的地质灾害,人类工程活动特别是大量抽排地下水或深基础施工的扰动都将引发或加剧地面塌陷。在塌陷范围内不允许采用天然地基,对于重要建筑物常采用桩基础;近年来,刚性桩复合地基已开始逐渐推广使用。深圳龙岗中心医院门急诊综合大楼即是一个典型的工程实例,为避免深基坑开挖大量降排岩溶地下水而造成严重的地面塌陷,对地下室的设计做了调整,并针对复杂的岩溶地质条件及发育特征,采用特殊的刚性桩复合地基;文中重点介绍了素混凝土桩复合地基的设计思路、以及成桩过程中的岩溶塌陷的治理措施。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861