2014年鲁甸6.5级地震成因、破裂特征和余震分布特征的库仑应力作用

根据2014年鲁甸M_S6.5地震的区域构造和余震共轭分布特征,本文首先计算了1733年小江断裂带北段M7.75地震,1850年则木河断裂带M7.5地震和1974年马边M_S7.1地震对鲁甸M_S6.5地震震源机制解两个节面的黏弹性库仑应力作用,结果显示NNW向发生主破裂的包谷垴-小河断裂受到这3次地震,尤其是1850年M7.5地震明显的库仑应力作用,我们认为则木河断裂的高速左旋走滑运动以及7级以上强震的重复发生对于包谷垴-小河断裂的强震孕育和断裂演化方面具有促进作用;然后分析了鲁甸6.5级地震的共轭破裂与余震分布特征,并分别计算了两个共轭破裂面单独破裂对另一破裂面的库仑应力作用,结果显示NEE向破裂促进NNW向破裂的发生,而NNW向破裂后则阻碍了NEE向破裂的进一步发展,最终发展成以NNW向破裂为主的共轭破裂事件;最后计算了共轭破裂产生的库仑应力变化对余震的影响,认为位于NEE向破裂面西侧的余震集中分布主要是由于应力触发作用而形成.     

中国大陆共轭破裂强震

依据地震破裂、地震形变带、前震和余震分布,对中国大陆共轭破裂强震进行了初步研究。结果表明,强震共轭破裂现象较普遍,据资料至少有12个单强震、7个双主震和2个主震——强余震为共轭破裂强震。其共轭破裂特征在地震形变带展布、烈度等震线形态、前震和余震分布等方面表现明显。另外,共轭破裂强震具有共轭破裂面方位之一多为北北西向、双主震之间和主——强余震之间相隔时间为“7”和“9”的节律这2个主要的共同点。     

THE STATIC COULOMB STRESS CHANGE OF THE 2014 LUDIAN EARTHQUAKE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE AFTERSHOCKS AND SURROUNDING FAULTS

On Aug. 3rd, 2014, a M_S6.5 earthquake struck Ludian County, Yunnan Province. It is a typical left-lateral strike-slip event. With the purpose of understanding the influence of the Ludian earthquake, this paper firstly calculates the co-seismic Coulomb failure stress changes of the mainshock with the employment of the finite dislocation source model inversed by other researchers and studies the triggering effect to the aftershocks within a month. We find that 82.43% of the aftershocks are located in the Coulomb stress increasing area(ΔCFS>0.01MPa), therefore, most of the aftershocks are triggered by the mainshock. Then, regarding the surrounding active faults as the receive faults, the Coulomb stress changes of the mainshock are calculated to investigate the impact on the faults nearby. The result shows that only the northeast end of the west branch and northeast part of the east branch of Zhaotong-Ludian faults have been brought to failure. However, the other faults such as Daliangshan Fault, Lianfeng Fault, Zemuhe Fault, Xiaojiang Fault and Mabian-Yanjin Fault are unloaded after the Luidian event, so the possibility of future earthquake is decreased around these faults. Besides, when the optimal failure plane is chosen as the receive fault of the Coulomb stress changes, the Ludian earthquake always has good triggering effect to the aftershocks no matter which source models and effective friction coefficients are chosen.     

2021年云南漾濞MS6.4地震动态应力对后续余震活动的触发作用

选取IRIS远震台站波形数据,反演了云南漾濞M_S6.4地震震源破裂过程,计算了断层破裂在近场产生的动态库仑破裂应力变化,并讨论了主震对近场余震活动的动态应力触发作用。结果显示:动态库仑应力演化过程与震源破裂特征反演结果一致,其大小分布与地震序列分布的疏密程度也具有较好的相关性。主震产生的静态和动态库仑破裂应力均促进余震的发生,但相比静态应力,余震位于库仑破裂应力正值区域的比例提高了21%,余震与动态库仑应力变化的正负区域有更好的一致性,动态应力能更好地解释震后余震分布的空间特征。垂直于地震序列主干10 km处出现小震丛集,该现象可能是由主震产生的动态库仑破裂应力占主导作用所致。定量分析主震对余震的动态应力触发结果显示,主震后一周内M_S4.0以上的8次余震接收点均受到了动态库仑破裂应力的触发作用。      

Visco-elastic stress triggering model of Tangshan earthquake sequence

We calculated the Coulomb failure stress change generated by the 1976 Tangshan earthquake that is projected onto the fault planes and slip directions of large subsequent aftershocks.Results of previous studies on the seismic fail-ure distribution,crustal velocity and viscosity structures of the Tangshan earthquake are used as model constraints.Effects of the local pore fluid pressure and impact of soft medium near the fault are also considered.Our result shows that the subsequent Luanxian and Ninghe earthquakes occurred in the regions with a positive Coulomb fail-ure stress produced by the Tangshan earthquake.To study the triggering effect of the Tangshan,Luanxian,and Ninghe earthquakes on the follow-up small earthquakes,we first evaluate the possible focal mechanisms of small earthquakes according to the regional stress field and co-seismic slip distributions derived from previous studies,assuming the amplitude of regional tectonic stress as 10 MPa.By projecting the stress changes generated by the above three earthquakes onto the possible fault planes and slip directions of small earthquakes,we find that the "butterfly" distribution pattern of increased Coulomb failure stress is consistent with the spatial distribution of follow-up earthquakes,and 95% of the aftershocks occurred in regions where Coulomb failure stresses increase,indicating that the former large earthquakes modulated occurrences of follow-up earthquakes in the Tangshan earthquake sequence.This result has some significance in rapid assessment of aftershock hazard after a large earthquake.If detailed failure distribution,seismogenic fault in the focal area and their slip features can be rapidly determined after a large earthquake,our algorithm can be used to predict the locations of large aftershocks.     

2008年汶川地震的破裂模型及引起的余震活动分析

用两种发震构造的破裂位移分布模型对2008年汶川地震造成的区域主要断裂的库仑应力变化进行了模拟.通过对这两种破裂位移模型模拟结果的对比分析,表明破裂位移模型的逆冲兼右旋滑动的位移模式及南北两段分别有两个滑动量高值区这样的特点控制了区域库仑应力变化的总体分布特征.汶川地震的余震分布和计算结果还显示:所获得的区域主要断裂的...     

RELOCATION OF MAIN SHOCK AND AFTERSHOCKS OF THE 2014 YINGJIANG MS5.6 AND MS6.1 EARTHQUAKES IN YUNNAN

Yingjiang area is located in the China-Burma border,the Sudian-Xima arc tectonic belt,which lies in the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates.The Yingjiang earthquake occurring on May 30th,2014 is the only event above M_S6.0 in this region since seismicity can be recorded.In this study,we relocated the Yingjiang M_S5.6 and M_S6.1 earthquake sequences by using the double-difference method.The results show that two main shocks are located in the east of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault,the northern segment of the Sudian-Xima Fault.Compared with the Yingjiang M_S5.6 earthquake,the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake is nearer to the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault.The aftershocks of the two earthquakes are distributed along the strike direction of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault (NNE).The rupture zone of the main shock of Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake extends northward approximately 5km.The aftershocks of two earthquakes are mainly located in the eastern side of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault with a significant asymmetry along the fault,which differ from the characteristics of the aftershock distribution of the strike-slip earthquake.It may indicate that the Yingjiang earthquakes are conjugate rupture earthquakes.The non-double-couple components are relatively high in the moment tensor.We speculate that the Yingjiang earthquakes are related to the fractured zone caused by the long-term seismic activity and heat effect in the deep between Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault and its neighboring secondary faults.Aftershock distribution of the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake on the southern area crosses a secondary fault on the right of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault,suggesting that the coseismic rupture of the secondary fault may be triggered by the dynamic stress of the main shock.     

Stress changes on major faults caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>w</Subscript>7.9 Wenchuan earthquake,May 12, 2008

On May 12, 2008, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake ruptured the Longmenshan fault system in Sichuan Province, China, collapsing buildings and killing tens of thousands people. As predicted, aftershocks may last for at least one year, and moreover, large aftershocks are likely to occur. Therefore, it is critical to outline the areas with potential aftershocks before reconstruction and re-settling people as to avoid future disasters. It is demonstrated that the redistribution of stress induced by an earthquake should trigger successive seismic activity. Based on static stress triggering theory, we calculated the coseismic stress changes on major faults induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, with elastic dislocation theory and the multilayered crustal model. We also discuss the stress distribution and its significance for future seismic activity under the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake. It is shown that coulomb failure stress (CFS) increases obviously on the Daofu-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe Fault, the Maqu and Nanping segment of the Eastern Kunlun Fault, the Qingchuan Fault, southern segment of the Minjiang Fault, Pengxian-Guanxian Fault, Jiangyou-Guangyuan Fault, and Jiangyou-Guanxian Fault. The increased stress raises the probability of earthquake occurrence on these faults. Since these areas are highly populated, earthquake monitoring and early disaster alarm system are needed. CFS increases with a magnitude of 0.03–0.06 MPa on the Qingchuan Fault, which is close to the northern end of the rapture of Wenchuan earthquake. The occurrence of some strong aftershocks, including three events with magnitude higher than 5.0, indicates that the seismic activities have been triggered by the main shock. Aftershocks seem to migrate northwards. Since the CFS change on the Lueyang-Mianxian Fault located on the NEE of the Qingchuan Fault is rather small (±0.01 MPa), the migration of aftershocks might be terminated in the area near Hanzhong City. The CFS change on the western Qinling Fault is around 10 Pa, and the impact of static triggering can be neglected. The increment of CFS on the Pengxian-Guanxian Fault and Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault southwest to the main rupture is 0.005–0.015 MPa, which would facilitate earthquake triggering in these areas. Very few aftershocks in these areas indicate that the accumulated stress has not been released sufficiently. High seismic risk is predicated in these areas due to co-seismic CFS loading. The Wenchuan earthquake released the accumulated CFS on the Fubianhe Fault, the Huya Fault, the Ha’nan-Qingshanwan Fault, and the Diebu-Bailongjiang Fault. The decrement of CFS changes on the Longquanshan Fault east to Chengdu City is about 0.002 MPa. The seismic activity will be depressed by decrement of CFS on these faults. Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX-SW-153), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40574011 and 40474028)     

静态应力触发在应用中存在问题的讨论以玉树地震为例

大地震应力触发概念自提出至今被广泛应用。 库仑应力与后续地震活动对应效果受到多种因素影响。 其中, 不同深度断层滑动量不同导致不同深度静态库仑应力图像差异, 选取哪一个深度的应力图像来讨论后续地震趋势是一个重要问题。 本文提出一个计算方法, 首先计算不同深度静态库仑应力, 然后在同一个位置取不同深度库仑应力最高值, 绘制静态应力分布图像, 并以2010年玉树地震为例, 结合地震活动及静态库仑应力分布对这种计算方法的效果进行对比。 结果显示, 按照本文提出的计算方法, 利用不同学者给出的玉树地震破裂模型计算均显示, 玉树地震后2年内3级以上余震几乎全部发生在库仑应力增加区。     

2014年新疆于田7.3级地震发震构造和震前地震活动过程讨论

2014年2月12日在新疆于田发生7.3级地震,震中位于阿尔金断裂西段,这是继2008年3月21日于田7.3级地震后在塔里木盆地南侧发生的第2次7级地震。这次于田7.3级地震的余震主体沿NE向分布,余震区的西南段呈近SN向分布;绝大部分余震与前震在余震区西南密集分布,强余震(全部的5级以上地震和81%的4级地震)绝大多数都分布在这个区域,第1天的余震主要在这个区域呈近SN向分布,余震由西向东扩展。在这次于田地震的近SN方向上曾在1982、2011以及2012年先后发生过几次6级左右的地震,而这次地震填补了其中的空段。文中从区域构造环境、地震震源机制解和余震分布特征等方面,分析这次地震的发震过程,认为地震发生在硝尔库勒盆地南缘的分支断裂,受阿尔金断裂带构造应力影响,硝尔库勒盆地受到局部近EW向的拉张作用力,首先沿近SN向破裂,这个构造部位的解锁,促进阿尔金断裂左旋错动,产生NE向破裂,应力向东传递;文中还对有历史记录以来,阿尔金断裂上7级地震的发震构造及其对阿尔金断裂带的影响进行了讨论。     

2014年四川康定MS6.3和MS5.8地震的应力触发研究

以2014年四川康定M_S6.3和M_S5.8地震为研究对象,计算了2次主震在近场和周围断层造成的库仑破裂应力变化,研究主震与余震的触发关系,以及2次主震对周围断层施加的应力负荷作用。结果表明:2次主震的共同作用控制了后续地震活动的演化趋势,其中康定M_S6.3地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化对后续余震事件的触发占主导作用。鲜水河断裂带南段和安宁河断裂带受到了一定的应力加载作用,未来地震活动的趋势可能会加强。     

2007年苏门答腊8．5级、8．3级地震强余震库仑破裂应力触发研究

2007年9月12日印尼苏门答腊发生了8.5级地震,9月13日其西北边又发生了8.3级地震,震后在附近还发生了一系列6级以上强震。该文依次计算了苏门答腊8.5级地震后各次地震前其所在主破裂面的库仑破裂应力变化。结果表明,2007年苏门答腊8.5级地震的后续强震都发生在库仑破裂应力显著增加区,其应力变化值均大于0.01 MPa,即后续强震可能都是被触发的。     

2010年MS7.1级玉树地震同震库仑应力变化以及对2011年MS5.2级囊谦地震的影响

2010年4月14日青海省玉树藏族自治州发生M_S7.1级地震.和传统的板内地震相比,玉树M_S7.1级地震的余震具有数量少、震级大的特点.研究玉树地震主震与余震之间的关系,对于我们了解余震的发震机理具有十分重要的参考价值.本文利用弹性位错理论和分层岩石圈模型,计算玉树地震引起的同震及震后黏弹松弛应力场变化,讨论M_S7.1级玉树地震对余震分布的影响以及与2011年囊谦M_S5.2级地震之间的触发关系.结果显示,玉树地震导致了四处明显的库仑应力增强的扇区,2010年4月13日至6月17日的870次M_L>1.0级余震主要分布于主震破裂面附近区域以及破裂面东北端的应力增强扇区.分析玉树地震对余震分布的影响时,有效摩擦系数以及计算深度的选取对计算结果的影响较小,是否考虑区域构造应力场的影响较大.考虑区域构造应力场时,占总数86.7%的余震位于库仑应力增强区,地震应力触发理论较好地解释了余震的分布.选取囊谦地震震源机制解的两个节面作为库仑应力计算中的接收断层参数,并且考虑不同黏滞系数下的玉树地震同震及震后黏弹松弛效应,模型计算结果均表明囊谦地震位于玉树地震所导致应力影区,仅依靠地震的静态、震后黏弹松弛应力触发理论,无法解释囊谦地震的发生,说明该次地震可能是一次独立的事件.     

STUDY ON SOURCE PARAMETERS OF THE 8 AUGUST 2017 M7.0 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE AND ITS AFTERSHOCKS,NORTHERN SICHUAN

On August 8, 2017, a strong earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, northern Sichuan. The earthquake occurred on a branch fault at the southern end of the eastern section of the East Kunlun fault zone. In the northwest of the aftershock area is the Maqu-Maqin seismic gap, which is in a locking state under high stress. Destructive earthquakes are frequent along the southeast direction of the aftershocks area. In Songpan-Pingwu area, only 50~80km away from the Jiuzhaigou earthquake, two M7.2 earthquakes and one M6.7 earthquake occurred from August 16 to 23, 1976. Therefore, the Jiuzhaigou earthquake was an earthquake that occurred at the transition part between the historical earthquake fracture gap and the neotectonic active area. Compared with other M7.0 earthquakes, there are few moderate-strong aftershocks following this Jiuzhaigou earthquake, and the maximum magnitude of aftershocks is much smaller than the main shock. There is no surface rupture zone discovered corresponding to the M7.0 earthquake. In order to understand the feature of source structure and the tectonic environment of the source region, we calculate the parameters of the initial earthquake catalogue by Loc3D based on the digital waveform data recorded by Sichuan seismic network and seismic phase data collected by the China Earthquake Networks Center. Smaller events in the sequence are relocated using double-difference algorithm; source mechanism solutions and centroid depths of 29 earthquakes with M_L≥3.4 are obtained by CAP method. Moreover, the source spectrum of 186 earthquakes with 2.0≤M_L≤5.5 is restored and the spatial distribution of source stress drop along faults is obtained. According to the relocations and focal mechanism results, the Jiuzhaigou M7.0 earthquake is a high-angle left-lateral strike-slip event. The earthquake sequence mainly extends along the NW-SE direction, with the dominant focal depth of 4~18km. There are few shallow earthquakes and few earthquakes with depth greater than 20km. The relocation results show that the distribution of aftershocks is bounded by the M7.0 main shock, which shows obvious segmental characteristics in space, and the aftershock area is divided into NW segment and SE segment. The NW segment is about 16km long and 12km wide, with scattered and less earthquakes, the dominant focal depth is 4~12km, the source stress drop is large, and the type of focal mechanism is complicated. The SE segment is about 20km long and 8km wide, with concentrated earthquakes, the dominant depth is 4~12km, most moderate-strong earthquakes occurred in the depth between 11~14km. Aftershock activity extends eastward from the start point of the M7.0 main earthquake. The middle-late-stage aftershocks are released intensively on this segment, most of them are strike-slip earthquakes. The stress drop of the aftershock sequence gradually decreases with time. Principal stress axis distribution also shows segmentation characteristics. On the NW segment, the dominant azimuth of P axis is about 91.39°, the average elevation angle is about 20.80°, the dominant azimuth of T axis is NE-SW, and the average elevation angle is about 58.44°. On the SE segment, the dominant azimuth of P axis is about 103.66°, the average elevation angle is about 19.03°, the dominant azimuth of T axis is NNE-SSW, and the average elevation angle is about 15.44°. According to the fault profile inferred from the focal mechanism solution, the main controlling structure in the source area is in NW-SE direction, which may be a concealed fault or the north extension of Huya Fault. The northwest end of the fault is limited to the horsetail structure at the east end of the East Kunlun Fault, and the SE extension requires clear seismic geological evidence. The dip angle of the NW segment of the seismogenic fault is about 65°, which may be a reverse fault striking NNW and dipping NE. According to the basic characteristics of inverse fault ruptures, the rupture often extends short along the strike, the rupture length is often disproportionate to the magnitude of the earthquake, and it is not easy to form a rupture zone on the surface. The dip angle of the SE segment of the seismogenic fault is about 82°, which may be a strike-slip fault that strikes NW and dips SW. The fault plane solution shows significant change on the north and south sides of the main earthquake, and turns gradually from compressional thrust to strike-slip movement, with a certain degree of rotation.     

1976年唐山强震群震后库仑应力演化及其与2020年古冶5.1级地震的关系

采用能够综合协调长期变形和震后短期变形的Burgers流变模型,模拟了1976年唐山强震群引起的震后形变场以及同震和震后库仑应力变化。结果显示:1976年唐山强震群中主震的两个破裂面以及滦县和宁河两次强余震均对2020年古冶5.1级地震表现为库仑应力加载。岩石圈粘弹性松弛效应引起的库仑应力变化显示,震后15年前后,库仑应力演化状态呈现显著的差异性:震后15年内,库仑应力变化剧烈;而震后15年后,库仑应力呈现缓慢的稳定增加状态。该过程与唐山强震群余震区地震活动过程相似,可能暗示1976年唐山强震群余震区应力调整过程已基本稳定。     

2013年芦山M_S7.0地震产生的静态库仑应力变化及其对余震空间分布的影响

2013年4月20日芦山MS7.0地震发生在龙门山断裂带的西南段,距2008年汶川MS8.0地震仅约85km,时间上仅相隔5年.首先计算了汶川地震的静态库仑应力变化对本次芦山地震的影响,得出芦山地震是由汶川地震触发造成的(库仑应力上升了0.012 MPa);进一步计算了芦山地震与汶川地震这两次大地震共同产生的静态库仑应力变化.结果表明,芦山地震的余震受前面两次大地震的共同影响,而不仅仅是芦山地震单独作用的结果,超过85%的余震发生在两次地震共同产生的静态库仑应力变化增大的地方,而芦山地震本身触发不了本次的余震序列(仅48.7%的余震位于主震所产生的应力加载区).此外,计算结果表明芦山地震本身对周边断层影响较小,仅龙门山断裂带的东北段受到一定的加载作用;而由于汶川地震的作用,安宁河断裂、大凉山断裂、马尔康断裂、岷江断裂和虎牙断裂呈卸载趋势,仅鲜水河断裂东南段和龙门山断裂中段受到加载作用,这均会加速断层上新地震的发生.     

RESTUDY ON HYPOCENTRAL LOCATION AND SEISMOGENIC TECTONIC OF THE JIUJIANG-RUICHANG MS5.7 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE,JIANGXI PROVINCE

We collected seismic records of 228 M_L≥1.0 Jiujiang-Ruichang M_S5.7 earthquake sequence from Dec.26, 2005 to Jun. 30, 2006. By using double-difference method combined with waveform cross-correlation, those earthquakes were relocated and finally the accurate source parameters of 224 earthquakes were obtained. The errors are about 0. 5km in horizontal and less than 2km in vertical direction, respectively. It was found that the depth of earthquake sequence concentrates in 8~14km range, and the epicenters are distributed along both NW and NE direction, and dominantly along NW direction. Combined with the focal mechanism, the distribution direction and the tectonic setting, we infer that the rupture of the NW-trending fault caused the M_S5. 7 main shock, and then the rupture probably encountered an asperity and triggered the M_S4. 8 strong aftershock. The NE-trending fault came into a seismically quiet period by stress adjustment in a short time, while the NW-trending fault released stress for a long time which caused a series of aftershocks. The M_S5. 7 main shock is caused by the NW striking Yangjisshan-Wushan-Tongjiangling Fault and the M_S4. 8 aftershock occurred on the NE striking Liujia-Fanjiapu-Chengmenshan Fault.     

THE STATIC STRESS TRIGGERING INFLUENCES OF THE 2015 MW6.4 PISHAN,XINJIANG EARTHQUAKE ON THE NEIGHBORING AREAS

Based on the rupture models of the 2015 Pishan M_W6.4 earthquake and half space homogeneous elastic model, the Coulomb stress changes generated by the earthquake are calculated on the active faults near the earthquake region. The horizontal stress changes and the displacement field are estimated on the area around the epicenter. Results show that:(1)The Coulomb stress is decreased in the west of the western Kunlun frontal thrust fault(9.5×10³Pa), and increased in the east of the western Kunlun frontal thrust fault and the middle of the Kangxiwa faults. More attention should be taken to the seismic rick of the east of the western Kunlun frontal thrust fault; (2)Based on the analysis on the location of the aftershocks, it is found that most of the aftershocks are triggered by the earthquake. In the region of increased Coulomb attraction, the aftershock distribution is more intensive, and in the area of the Coulomb stress reduction, the distribution of aftershocks is relatively sparse; (3)The horizontal area stress increases in the north and south of the earthquake(most part of the Qaidam Basin and the northwest of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau), and decreases in the east and west of the earthquake(northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and eastern part of the Pamir Mountains). In the epicenter area, the principal compressive stress presents nearly NS direction and the principal extensional stress presents nearly EW direction. The principal compressive stress shows an outward radiation pattern centered on the epicenter with the principal extensional stress along the direction of concentric circles. The principal compressive stress presents NW direction to the west of the epicenter, and NE to the east of the epicenter. With the increase of radius, the stress level gradually decays with 10⁷Pa in the epicenter and hundreds Pa in the Maidan Fault which is in the north of the Qaidam Basin.     

2014年2月12日新疆于田MW7.0地震源区静态库仑应力变化和地震活动率

2014年2月12日新疆于田M_W7.0地震源区位于巴颜喀拉块体与西昆仑块体的连接部位,东西向拉张构造发育,距离2008年3月21日于田M_W7.1地震震中位置约100 km.根据有限断层地震破裂过程模型,计算了2008年新疆于田地震产生的静态库仑应力变化.此次地震的断层面呈北偏东方向,在断层两端出现3个应力加载区,2014年于田主震位于破裂前端的库仑应力加载区.这一结果表明,2008年于田地震可能对2014年地震事件起到了触发作用.2008和2014年新疆于田地震产生的静态库仑应力变化与余震事件的空间分布具有明显的相关性,大多数余震位于应力加载区,发生在卸载区的余震较少.静态库仑应力变化与余震序列吻合较好.2014年3月21日新疆于田地震之后40天,在北西方向发生M_W5.2强余震,其震中位置的应力增量达到0.63×10⁵Pa.通过比较,发现静态库仑应力变化和地震活动率之间具有较好的相关性.地震活动率较高的区域与静态库仑应力加载区相对应,如康西瓦断裂东段、贡嘎错断裂中段和东北段等区域.     

2015年尼泊尔M_W7.9地震对青藏高原活动断裂同震、震后应力影响

2015年尼泊尔MW7.9地震重烈度区从震中向东延伸,致灾范围包括尼泊尔、印度北部、巴基斯坦、孟加拉和中国藏南地区,其应力调整对邻区和周边活动断裂可能产生重要影响.本文基于地震应力触发理论,采用岩石圈地壳分层黏弹性位错模型,计算了尼泊尔MW7.9地震引起的周边断裂,特别是青藏高原活动断裂的同震和震后库仑应力变化.结果显示,尼泊尔地震同震效应引起大部分震区库仑应力升高,余震主要分布在最大同震滑动等值线外部库仑应力升高区域;少量余震靠近最大滑动量区域,可能该区域积累的地震能量在主震期间没有完全释放.尼泊尔地震同震库仑应力对青藏高原,特别是中尼边境区域活动断裂有一定影响.亚东—谷露地堑南段、北喜马拉雅断裂西段、当惹雍错—定日断裂和甲岗—定结断裂同震库仑应力升高,其中当惹雍错—定日断裂南端,北喜马拉雅断裂西段同震库仑应力变化峰值超过0.01 MPa;帕龙错断裂、班公错断裂、改则—洞措断裂库仑应力降低,其地震发生概率有所降低.震后应力影响方面,未来40年内黏弹性松弛作用导致北喜马拉雅断裂、改则—洞措断裂和喀喇昆仑断裂整体应力卸载;藏南一系列正断层震后应力持续上升,其中帕龙错断裂南段受到震后黏弹性库仑应力影响,由应力阴影区逐渐转化为应力增强区,当惹雍错—定日断裂南段应力进一步加强,震后40年其南端应力变化峰值达到0.1345 MPa,亚东—谷露断裂南段应力亦持续增强.藏南正断层的地震活动性值得进一步关注.