中国东部南北样带森林生态系统蒸腾与蒸散比值(T/ET)时空变化

植被蒸腾与蒸散的比值(transpiration/evapotranspiration, T/ET)表征了植被蒸腾对生态系统蒸散的贡献率,是准确量化生态系统水分利用效率的关键参数,对研究植被水分运移的生理生态机理以及碳水循环关系具有重要意义。基于站点数据验证PT-JPL模型(Priestly-Taylor JetPropulsion Laboratory Model)模拟精度,集成遥感数据和气象栅格数据模拟中国东部南北样带森林生态系统2001-2010年T/ET,并分析其时空变化及影响因子。结果表明:①PT-JPL模型适用于中国东部森林生态系统蒸散及其组分模拟,具有较高的稳定性和可靠性;②中国东部南北样带森林生态系统T/ET空间差异显著,整体呈南部低、北部高,主要由夏季T/ET空间格局主导;样带整体T/ET均值为0.69,2001-2010年呈显著缓慢上升趋势,增幅为0.007/yr(p <0.01);③T/ET季节和年际变异的主控因子不同:温度和EVI是影响T/ET季节变异的关键因子,两者均可解释T/ET季节变异的90%左右(p <0.01);而T/ET的年际变异则主要受EVI影响,解释率为53%(p <0.05)。     

中国东部南北样带森林生态系统WUE和NUE空间格局及驱动因子(英文)

From July 2008 to August 2008, 72 leaf samples from 22 species and 81 soil samples in the nine natural forest ecosystems were collected, from north to south along the North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC). Based on these samples, we studied the geographical distribution patterns of vegetable water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and analyzed their relationship with environmental factors. The vegetable WUE and NUE were calculated through the measurement of foliar δ 13C and C/N of predominant species, respectively. The results showed: (1) vegetable WUE, ranging from 2.13 to 28.67 mg C g-1 H2O, increased linearly from south to north in the representative forest ecosystems along the NSTEC, while vegetable NUE showed an opposite trend, increasing from north to south, ranging from 12.92 to 29.60 g C g-1 N. (2) Vegetable WUE and NUE were dominantly driven by climate and significantly affected by soil nutrient factors. Based on multiple stepwise regression analysis, mean annual temperature, soil phosphorus concentration, and soil nitrogen concentration were responding for 75.5% of the variations of WUE (p<0.001). While, mean annual precipitation and soil phosphorus concentration could explain 65.7% of the change in vegetable NUE (p<0.001). Moreover, vegetable WUE and NUE would also be seriously influenced by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in nitrogen saturated ecosystems. (3) There was a significant trade-off relationship between vegetable WUE and NUE in the typical forest ecosystems along the NSTEC (p<0.001), indicating a balanced strategy for vegetation in resource utilization in natural forest ecosystems along the NSTEC. This study suggests that global change would impact the resource use efficiency of forest ecosystems. However, vegetation could adapt to those changes by increasing the use efficiency of shortage resource while decreasing the relatively ample one. But extreme impacts, such as heavy nitrogen deposition, would break this trade-off mechanism and give a dramatic disturbance to the ecosystem biogeochemical cycle.     

Spatiotemporal variations of water use efficiency and its driving factors in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020

Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important variable to explore coupled relationships in carbon and water cycles. In this study, we first compared the spatial variations of annual gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) using four GPP and ET products. Second, we selected the products closest to the flux towers data to estimate WUE. Finally, we quantitatively analyzed the impact of climate change and soil water content on WUE. The results showed that: (1) Four GPP and ET products provided good performance, with GOSIF-GPP and FLDAS-ET exhibiting a higher correlation and the smallest errors with the flux tower data. (2) The spatial pattern of WUE is consistent with that of GPP and ET, gradually decreasing from the northeast to the southwest. Higher WUE values appeared in the northeast forest ecosystem, and lower WUE values occurred in the western Gobi Desert, with a value of 0.28 gC m^?2 mm^?1. The GPP and ET products showed an increasing trend, while WUE showed a decreasing trend (55.15%) from 2001 to 2020. (3) The spatial relationship between WUE and driving factors reveal the variations in WUE of Inner Mongolia are mainly affected by soil moisture between 0 and 10 cm (SM0-10cm), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and precipitation, respectively. (4) In arid regions, VPD and precipitation exhibit a major influence on WUE. An increase in VPD and precipitation has a negative and positive effect on WUE, with threshold values of approximately 0.36 kPa and 426 mm, respectively. (5) In humid regions, SM0-10cm, VPD, SM10-40cm, and SM40-100cm exert a significant impact on WUE, especially SM0-10cm, and weakens with increasing soil depths, these differences may be related to physiological structure and living characteristics of vegetation types in different climate regimes. Our results emphasize the importance of VPD and soil moisture in regional variability in WUE.     

Response of the water use efficiency of natural vegetation to drought in Northeast China

Drought has become a problem that is universally faced by global terrestrial ecosystems. Northeast China is located in a region sensitive to global climate changes, and one of the main impacts of climate changes in Northeast China is manifested as drought in growing seasons. This study analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution law of the water use efficiency (WUE) of the main natural vegetation (i.e., cold-temperate coniferous forests, temperate pine-broad-leaved mixed forests, warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests, and grasslands) in Northeast China based on public MODIS data products, including MCD12Q1, MOD15A2H, MOD16A2, and MOD17A3H, and meteorological data from 2002 to 2013. The influence of drought events on the WUE of different vegetation types and their response to drought events are also investigated. The study findings are as follows: (1) drought in Northeast China frequently occurs in the regions stretching from 114.55°E to 120.90°E, and the percentage of drought area among the forests is lower than that among the grasslands during these years; (2) the annual average WUE of the natural vegetation ranges from 0.82 to 1.08 C/kg^-1H₂O, and the WUE of forests (0.82 to 1.08 C/kg^-1H₂O) is universally higher than that of grasslands (0.84 to 0.99 C/kg^-1H₂O); (3) in 2008, the regions where the WUE in drought conditions is higher than that in normal water conditions account for 86.11% of the study area, and a significant linear positive correlation is found between the WUE in drought conditions and the WUE in normal water conditions, whereas the degree of drought does not influence the WUE of the natural vegetation in an obviously linear manner; and (4) the WUE for the cold-temperate coniferous forests and temperate pine-broad-leaved mixed forests with a high ET or low NPP is more likely to rise in drought conditions; the WUE for the grasslands with a low Evapotranspiration (ET), Net Primary Production (NPP), and Leaf Area Index (LAI) is more likely to rise in drought conditions; and the ET, NPP, and LAI have no significant influence on the WUE for the warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests in drought conditions. This study contributes to improving the evaluation of the influence of drought on natural ecosystems.     

黑河流域植被水分利用效率时空变化特征及其与气候因子的关系

利用中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）产品总初级生产力（GPP）、蒸散发（ET）及气象数据估算了黑河流域植被水分利用效率（WUE）,分析了WUE的时空变化及与气候因子的相关性。结果表明：2005-2014年黑河流域单位面积上多年平均GPP为314.44 gC·m^-2,ET为363.35 mm,多年平均植被WUE为1.15 gC·mm^-1H₂O·m^-2;黑河流域WUE总体呈由南向北递增的空间分布格局,年内呈现单峰型结构,WUE高值区分布在酒泉-临泽东西线上及额济纳斯荒漠河岸林地带,托勒的东南部地区为WUE低值区;黑河流域生态系统WUE具有明显的季节变化规律,表现为夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季的特征,夏季为1.32 gC·mm^-1H₂O·m^-2,冬季为0.75 gC·mm^-1H₂O·m^-2;水分利用效率年均分布与倾向率的增加具有一定的对应关系,莺落峡、民乐一带是WUE的高值区也是整个流域倾向率快速增长区,在WUE稳定性方面,中下游绿洲区变化最为显著,上游高海拔区、中下游戈壁区变化不显著;WUE与年降水量、年平均气温以负相关为主,其中降水是影响植被WUE的主要因素,正相关的区域分布在山丹县、民乐县东部、肃南裕固族自治县南部湖泊区域,而气温只在下游绿洲区呈正相关。     

2000-2014年黄河源区ET时空特征及其与气候因子关系

黄河源区地处青藏高原东缘,具有独特的自然生境和丰富的自然资源,是中国西南区域经济发展的重要生态安全屏障。以MODIS ET产品作为研究黄河源区地表蒸散发（ET）的数据源,结合黄河源区内部及周边18个气象站数据、全国1∶100万植被类型图和黄河源区DEM数据,利用趋势分析、相对年际变化和相关分析法,研究2000-2014年黄河源区ET时空变化特征及不同土地利用类型下ET的变化规律,重点探讨了ET与气候因子的关系。结果表明：① 黄河源区多年ET区域分异规律明显,北部ET显著弱于中部和东南部,最强ET位于黄河源区的东南部,多年平均ET值为538.61 mm/a,距平相对变化显著,ET年际变化呈先减小后增加的趋势,平均趋势变化率为0.44 mm/a;② 年内ET呈周期性单峰变化趋势,7月达到峰值;2000-2014年黄河源区多年四季ET季节性差异明显,夏季ET最强达到188.14 mm/a,春秋季次之,冬季ET最弱仅97.15 mm/a;③ 研究时段内不同土地利用类型的ET大小表现为沼泽地>林地>草地>其他>裸地,整体上各土地利用类型的ET呈逐渐增加趋势;④ 相关分析结果表明,ET与同期气温、降水呈正相关关系,与相对湿度呈负相关关系,其中降水对ET的影响强于气温;驱动分区结果显示黄河源区ET受气候因子驱动的地区主要表现为降水驱动。     

黄东海表层海水溶解氧时空变化规律研究

海水中的溶解氧(DO)是影响海洋渔业经济、反映海洋物理化学过程的重要因素。该文依据20世纪90年代末期我国在黄东海海域完成的162个表层海水DO监测数据,利用GIS技术对其进行平面插值拟合,生成该海域DO的四季分布等值线图,据此分析黄东海海域的DO分布和季节变化规律。结果表明：基于太阳辐射导致的海水温度时空差异,影响黄东海DO分布及其季节变化的主要因素是黄海暖流和大陆入海径流。     

2000—2020年中国荒漠化潜在发生范围区林草覆被时空变化特征

干旱地区林草植被生长动态变化是研究荒漠化形成发展和演变过程的重要依据。本文基于改进方向性像元二分模型构建的2000—2020年中国荒漠化潜在发生范围区（PEDC）年植被覆盖度数据集,采用Sen+Mann-Kendall时间序列趋势变化检测方法,分析了2000—2020年PEDC,特别是林草覆盖区的植被生长状况时空变化特征。研究结果表明：① 2000—2020年,PEDC平均植被覆盖度为0.284,改进的植被覆盖度估算结果能够较好地反映研究区植被覆盖状况,估算精度为86.98%。PEDC植被生长状况不断趋好,其中干旱区表现最为突出,显著增加区域达到了48%,而亚湿润干旱区平均增长量最大为0.1。② 林草生态恢复工程措施效果显著,但植被恢复是个长期缓慢的过程,特别是林草面积的恢复。2000—2010年林草面积增加较少（0.002%）;2010—2020年增加较多（0.371%）。③ 2000—2020年PEDC林地植被改善最明显,草地则较为稳定,植被覆盖度显著性增加区域分别为76.4%和71.8%。其中林地植被覆盖度在亚湿润干旱区增长量最大为0.15,而整个研究区草地增长了0.06。本文更深入地掌握PEDC林草覆盖区长时间序列植被生长状况,为进一步制定和实施各项生态工程提供重要信息参考。     

退耕还林(草)背景下中国北方农牧交错带土地利用及碳储量变化

为明析退耕还林(草)背景下生态环境较为脆弱的北方农牧交错带土地利用及碳储量变化,基于该区2000、2010、2018年土地利用数据,通过动态度、土地转移矩阵,景观指数等指标从土地利用变化的数量、速率以及空间格局特征加以分析,同时基于In VEST模型定量估算了该区近20年来的碳储量变化.结果表明:(1)北方农牧交错带土...