考洲洋化学耗氧量(COD)的含量特征

1999年2月和8月对考洲洋海水、表层沉积物COD含量进行了调查研究.结果表明考洲洋海水COD含量为0.82～2.71 mg·L-1,表层沉积物COD含量为0.44～10.45 mg·L-1,其水质质量达到我国国家二类海水水质标准(COD＜3 mg·L-1).海水与表层沉积物COD含量平面分布总的呈西北部水域和湾中部水域向湾口降低的趋势.表层沉积物COD含量与有机质、硫化物含量呈显著的正相关(P＜0.05).与粤东邻近的网箱养殖水域比较,海水COD含量居中,表层沉积物COD含量较低.     

广东沿海牡蛎体Cu含量水平及其时空变化趋势

为了解广东沿海 Cu含量水平的时空变化趋势 ,1989～ 1997年实施“南海贻贝观察”对广东沿海 12个地点进行了连续监测。实测数据和有关历史资料综合分析结果显示 ,广东沿海牡蛎体 Cu含量(湿重 )范围为 2 .70～ 352 mg· kg-1,平均值为 94 .1mg·kg-1,总超标率达 35.1% ;局部海区属重污染水平。牡蛎体 Cu含量的空间分布特点呈珠江口海区 >粤西海区 >粤东海区格局 ;Spearman顺位相关分析结果表明 ,1989～ 1997年间 ,广东沿海牡蛎体 Cu含量年际间无明显的趋势性变化。     

珠江河口经济动物体铜铅锌镉的含量

分别于2000年4月、2001年4月和2002年8月对珠江河口水域海洋经济动物体内Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd四种重金属元素的含量进行了调查分析,结果表明,14种经济动物体肌肉Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn各元素的平均含量分别是0.08、2.67、0.05、5.69mg·kg~(-1),其变化范围为nd～0.46mg·kg~(-1)、0.24～11.85mg·kg~(-1)、nd～0.26mg·kg~(-1)、1.55～18.36mg·kg~(-1)。甲壳类与头足类生物体内铜铅锌镉含量比较接近,远远高于鱼类的含量。所检测的14种经济类海洋动物中,虾姑、乌贼Cu的含量高于其余三种元素的含量,其余12种生物Zn的含量比另三种元素含量高。三次调查该水域经济类海洋动物体铜铅锌镉的含量基本一致。与水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准比较,14种被测样品铜、铅和镉的含量全部符合该标准的要求。     

腹腔注射恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考对红笛鲷血清IgM含量的影响

以20mg·kg-1恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考分别腹腔注射红笛鲷,通过间接酶联免疫吸附实验法(ELISA)测定红笛鲷血清IgM的含量,研究恩诺沙星与氟苯尼考对红笛鲷血清IgM含量的影响。结果显示:健康红笛鲷血清中IgM抗体的含量为3.591±0.314mg·mL-1,注射后,恩诺沙星组增加至4.234±0.013mg·mL-1,第3周后恢复至初始水平,而氟苯尼考组则降低至2.538±0.214mg·mL-1,第5周仍未恢复至初始水平。可见,恩诺沙星可提高红笛鲷血清中抗体IgM的含量,而氟苯尼考则降低鱼体血清中抗体IgM的含量,且影响时间也较长。     

红海湾底质硫化物的分布和变化

根据南海区半封闭型海湾规模化养殖技术研究的需要,对红海湾底质硫化物进行了研究。用碘量法分析的结果表明：红海湾底质中硫化物含量的区域分布极不均匀,呈北部河口区＞虾池＞鱼湾＞中部＞南部自然水域＞礁滩区的特点。虾池、鱼的硫化物含量清淤前分别为清淤后的8.4、3．6倍;湾南部硫化物含量春季明显高于夏季,其余区域的两季差异不明显。46份样品中约13％、28％分别超过国内外评价标准,超标测站位于河口和清淤前的虾池、鱼。礁滩护养增殖区、南部自然水域、湾中部牡蛎养殖区和清淤后的虾池、鱼尚未见硫化物的污染。     

红海湾底质硫化物的分布和变化

根据南海区半封闭型海湾规模化养殖技术研究的需要,对红海湾底质硫化物进行了研究。用碘量法分析的结果表明;红海湾底质中硫化物含量的区域分布极不均匀,呈北部河口区〉虾池〉鱼温湾〉中部〉南部自然水域〉礁滩区的特点。虾池,鱼温的友化物含量清淤前分别为清淤后的８．４,３．６倍;湾南部硫化物含量春季明显高于夏季,蓁区域的两季差异不明显。     

6-苄氨基嘌呤、 2,4-二氯笨氧乙酸对微绿球藻生长与代谢的影响

研究了不同浓度的植物生长物质 ,即 6 苄氨基嘌呤 (6 BA)、2 ,4 二氯笨氧乙酸 (2 ,4 D)对微绿球藻Nannochlorisoculata的生长和代谢影响 ,结果表明 :6 BA和 2 ,4 D在 0 1～ 1 0mg·L 1的实验浓度范围内 ,对微绿球藻的生长、干重、叶绿素a含量、光合作用强度和呼吸作用强度都有一定的促进作用 ,可作为微绿球藻的生长调节剂。6 BA的最佳质量浓度为 0 5mg·L 1;2 ,4 D的最佳质量浓度为 4 0mg·L 1。     

节水型斑节对虾养殖池环境质量监测与评价

用质量指数法评价节水型斑节对虾养殖池的环境质量。将对照池海水平均质量指数与微生物调控的试验池比较，硫化物、DO、磷酸盐、COD分别高71％、43％、24％、8．3％，但非离子氨、无机氮分别低229％、122％。综合来看，试验池的水质优于对照池，对照池水质有轻微污染，污染因子是磷酸盐、COD、BOD；底质环境未受有机物和硫化物的污染，对照池有机物含量高于试验池，对照池硫化物含量低于试验池。     

南海北部渔场表层沉积物中的硫化物

为了给南海北部渔场的资源和环境保护提供基础数据,用碘量法测定了南海北部陆架区表层沉积物中硫化物含量。结果表明，全部28份样品中硫化物含量为3．3－4．2mg/kg（干重，下同），平均为12．1mg/kg，符合外海含量低的一般规律，明显低于沿岸海湾的含量，远低于日本渔业环境质量标准（200mg/kg）和安全下限值（400mg/kg）。硫化物含量在测站间和不同区域间存在一定差异，南北方和呈近岸（13．1mg/kg）略高于离岸（12．1mg/kg）、离岸略高于远岸（11．1mg/kg）的梯度分布，但梯度差异不显著（P＞0．10）；东西方向的分布特点是粤西海域（23．7mg/kg）＞海南岛以东（125．3mg/kg）＞台湾浅滩（9．4mg/kg）≈粤东海域（8．7mg/kg）≈珠江口外外海域（8．6mg/kg)。空间分布不太均匀主要是受沉积物类型的影响，与陆源硫化物输入的关系不大。     

甲状腺素对斜带石斑鱼卵黄囊期仔鱼生长发育的影响

用4种不同浓度的甲状腺素(T4)分别浸泡斜带石斑鱼卵黄囊期仔鱼,研究T4对仔鱼发育、生长和存活的影响。结果表明,在孵化后24 h内,T4对仔鱼发育的促进作用不明显;在孵化24 h后,T4对仔鱼消化道的发育有促进作用。在孵化后72 h,0.01 mg·L-1 T4处理组仔鱼小肠管径、直肠管径、全长与对照组相比差异均不明显;0.10 mg·L-1和1.00 mg·L-1 T4处理组仔鱼小肠和直肠管径显著比对照组大(P<0.01),1.00 mg·L-1 T4处理组仔鱼全长显著比对照组短(P<0.01),而0.10 mg·L-1处理组仔鱼全长与对照组相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。在孵化后第8天,0.10 mg·L-1 T4处理组仔鱼存活率明显比对照组高(P<0.01),而0.01 mg·L-1 T4组和1.00 mg·L-1 T4组与对照组之间存活率差异不明显(P>0.05)。结果提示0.10 mg·L-1 T4处理能促进斜带石斑鱼卵黄囊期仔鱼的消化道发育并提高其存活率。     

南海北部渔场表层沉积物中的硫化物

为了给南海北部渔场的资源和环境保护提供基础数据,用碘量法测定了南海北部陆架区表层沉积物中硫化物含量.结果表明,全部28份样品中硫化物含量为3.3～42.2mg/kg(干重,下同),平均为12.1mg/kg,符合外海含量低的一般规律,明显低于沿岸海湾的含量,远低于日本渔业环境质量标准(200mg/kg)和安全下限值(400mg/kg).硫化物含量在测站间和不同区域间存在一定差异,南北方向呈近岸(13.1mg/kg)略高于离岸(12.1mg/kg)、离岸略高于远岸(11.1mg/kg)的梯度分布,但梯度差异不显著(p＞0.10);东西方向的分布特点是粤西海域(23.7mg/kg)＞海南岛以东(15.3mg/kg)＞台湾浅滩(9.4mg/kg)≈粤东海域(8.7mg/kg)≈珠江口外海域(8.6mg/kg).空间分布不太均匀主要是受沉积物类型的影响,与陆源硫化物输入的关系不大.     

滨州海岸带土壤和海底沉积物重金属空间分布特征

通过对滨州近海海域海底沉积物测试数据及海岸带陆域土壤地球化学分析,对滨州海岸带陆域土壤和海底沉积物中7种重金属(Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni)的空间分布特征进行了研究,并绘制了各指标含量陆海联合分区图。分析结果表明,滨州市海岸带重金属元素含量基本上均低于国标规定的海洋一类沉积物的最高标准,仅有个别元素含量超过一级标准值,表明局部存在一定的重金属污染。从滨州海岸带重金属含量空间分布上来看,除Hg元素外,其余重金属元素含量呈现一定的规律,基本上陆域含量高于海域含量,且大部分元素都呈现出陆域城镇值高,郊区值低的态势。区内化工企业较发达,Ni,Cr属于中度变异区,Cd,Hg,Pb属于高度变异,受人为影响因素较大,考虑区内土壤及海底沉积物重金属富集主要来源于工业"三废"。     

Petroleum Hydrocarbon Distribution Features in Water and Sediment off Fujian Shore

This study on the distribution features of petroleum hydrocarbon in water and sedi-ment off the Fujian shore using data obtained from the baseline research on oceanic contamination in Fujian showed that:during the research preiod,petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in water varied from 5.77μg/L to 37.28μg/L,averaged 14.48 μg/L;was lower in the wet seasson than in the dry season;and was highest in the Minjiang Estuary and Jiulong Estuary in both seasons ,The petorleum hydrocarbon concentrations in shore sediment varied from 14.48 mg/kg to 784.36 mg/kg,averaged 133.3 mg/kg ,and was closely related to sediment types (granularity).     

Biogenic silicate accumulation in sediments, Jiaozhou Bay

1 INTRODUCTION Silicate, or silicic acid (H4SiO4), is a very im- portant nutrient in the ocean. Unlike other major nu- trients such as phosphate and nitrate or ammonium, which are needed by almost all marine plankton, silicate is an essential chemical req…     

Climatology and seasonal variability of satellite-derived chlorophyll a around the Shandong Peninsula

The chlorophyll a(Chl a) is an important indicator of marine ecosystems. The spatiotemporal variation of the Chl a greatly aff ects the mariculture and marine ranching in coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula. In the current study, the climatology and seasonal variability of surface Chl-a concentration around the Shandong Peninsula are investigated based on 16 years(December 2002–November 2018) of satellite observations. The results indicate that the annual mean Chl-a concentration is greater in the Bohai Sea than in the Yellow Sea and decreases from coastal waters to off shore waters. The highest Chl-a concentrations are found in Laizhou Bay(4.2–8.0 mg/m 3), Haizhou Bay(4.2–5.9 mg/m 3) and the northeast coast of the Shandong Peninsula(4.4–5.0 mg/m 3), resulting from the combined eff ects of the intense riverine input and long residence time caused by the concave shape of the coastline. The seasonal Chl-a concentration shows a signifi cant spatial variation. The Chl-a concentrations in these three subregions generally exhibit an annual maximum in August/September, due to the combined eff ects of sea surface temperature, river discharge and sea surface wind. In the southeast coast region, however, the Chl-a concentration is lowest throughout the year and reaches a maximum in February with a minimum in July, forced by the seasonal evolution of the Yellow Sea Cold Water and monsoon winds. The interannual Chl-a concentration trends vary among regions and seasons. There are signifi cant increasing trends over a large area around Haizhou Bay from winter to summer, which are mainly caused by the rising sea surface temperature and eutrophication. In other coastal areas, the Chl-a concentration shows decreasing trends, which are clearest in summer and induced by the weakening land rainfall. This study highlights the diff erences in the Chl-a dynamics among regions around the Shandong Peninsula and is helpful for further studies of coupled physical-ecological-human interactions at multiple scales.     

Black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of China’s marginal seas

This study investigates the distribution of black carbon (BC) and its correlation with total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ΣPAH) in the surface sediments of China’s marginal seas. BC content ranges from <0.10 to 2.45 mg/g dw (grams dry weight) in the sediments studied, and varied among the different coastal regions. The Bohai Bay sediments had the highest BC contents (average 2.18 mg/g dw), which comprises a significant fraction (27%–41%) of the total organic carbon (TOC) preserved in the sediments. In ...     

Phosphorus speciation in wetland sediments of Zhujiang (Pearl) River Estuary, China

Phosphorus fractions and adsorption-release characteristics of sediments in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River estuary wetland were investigated.Results showed that the total phosphorus(TP) content in surface sediments ranged from 648.9 mg/kg to 1064.0 mg/kg;inorganic phosphorus(IP) was the major fraction of TP and ranged from 422.5 mg/kg to 643.9 mg/kg.Among the inorganic phosphorus,the main fractions were phosphorus bound to Al and Fe(Fe/Al-P),and calcium-bound phosphorus(Ca-P),accounting for 23%–42% and 21%–67% of IP,respectively.The vertical distribution of TP contents were significantly positive correlated with organic phosphorus(Org-P) and Fe/Al-P contents.The bio-available phosphorus contents in vertical sediments varied from 128.6 mg/kg to 442.9 mg/kg,mainly existed in Fe-Al/P fraction,and increased from the bottom to top sediments.The transport of phosphorus in sediment-water interface was controlled by the soil characteristics.The active Fe and Al content was considered as the main factor that determines adsorption capacity in vegetated marsh wetland.The P buffering capacity of the sediments in vegetated marsh wetland was greater than that in mudflat wetland.The potential risk of eutrophication in the study area is high.Reducing terrestrial phosphorus discharge and preventing the sediment Fe/Al-P release to the interstitial water are the possible solutions to reduce the risk of eutrophication in estuary wetlands,and planting vegetation in estuary wetland can also reduce the release of phosphorus in surface sediment.     

Macrobenthic community in the Xiaoqing River Estuary in Laizhou Bay, China

The macrobenthic community of the Xiaoqing River Estuary and the adjacent sea waters was investigated in May and November 2008, August 2009, and May and September 2010, respectively. A total of 95 species of macrobenthos were identified in the five cruises and most of them were polychaetes (46.39%), mollusks (28.86%) and crustaceans (20.62%). The Shannon-Wiener index of macrobenthos was lower than 2 in 67% sites. Along the stream channel, estuary and the coastal waters, the species of polychaetes reduced gradually, while the abundance increased at first and then decreased. The abundance was the biggest at regions with salinity of 5–20 in the estuary. The species and abundance of mollusks and crustaceans increased gradually. As for seasonal distribution, the species, abundance and biomass were higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn. Contemporaneously compared with Laizhou Bay and Yellow River Estuary, the species of macrobenthos appeared in the Xiaoqing River Estuary were much less, while the percentage of polychaetes was higher. Abundance and biomass were higher in Xiaoqing River estuary, then consequently followed by Laizhou Bay and Yellow River Estuary. The dominant species in Xiaoqing River Estuary was polychaete, and Layzhou Bay mollusk. The community structure characteristics of macrobenthos in the Xiaoqing River Estuary revealed a significant pollution status in this region.     

The biogeochemistry of carbon cycle in summer of the Prydz Bay,Antarctic Ⅰ :Characteristics of DOC distribution

The distributions and changes of dissolved organic carbon in the Prydz Bay and out open sea were investigated during CHINARE-15 ( the 15th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition). The results showed that the content of DOC was higher in the Prydz Bay and outer open sea compared to those typical of surface oceanic levels ( 70-80 μM) , average content of DOC in the surface water was 102.32 μM,the range was 68.23-125.92 μM. The vertical distribution of DOC in the water column was similar to many ocean sites, that is to say, the content of upper water is higher than deep water, a subsurface maximum persisted between 25-50 m. The DOC pool in the Prydz Bay were consisted with labile, semi-labile and refractory pools, in which refractory pools was mainly part. The concentration of refractory DOC was 92.34 and 76.89 μM in Prydz Bay and outer open sea, and account 77% and 82% for total DOC, respectively.