南极冰盖消融对全球海平面的影响(英)

In this paper, supposing that the earth is a spherically symmetric, perfectly elastic and isotropic, we derive the equation of the variation of relative sea level, utilize our previous results of the surface load Love numbers for PREM (1981) model, and compute the global relative sea level rise on the assumption that 10 meters thickness of Antarctic ice sheet would be melted in the future fifty years.     

南极海冰变化异常与全球海平面变化(英)

In this paper, the long-term variation trend of the Antarctic sea ice in 1973～1994 and the inter-decade variation rule of the global sea level are analyzed. It is foundthat, the Antarctic sea ice area in 1980's was significantly less than in 1970's but with regional difference:decreasing in Regions Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, and increasing in Region Ⅳ, the average global sea levelheightvalue in 1980's was also significantly higher than in 1970's but also with very large regional difference.Connecting variation of both to analyze their physical mechanism, it is pointed that, the accumulated seaice anomaly value in 1980's less than in 1970's means a global climate warming, the sea watertemperature and air temperature rising, sea water volume expanding, and more icebergs transportingfrom the ice cover on the Antarctic continent to ocean in the warmer years. As a result, the global sealevel raised significantly with the global average sea level value in 1980's was 22 mm higher than in 1970's. The Sea Level Raising (SLR) distributed uneven. It is especially true in the Pacific Ocean andAtlantic. This kind of uneven SLR distribution closely relates to, or is introduced by the uneven sea ice change of the Antarctic Regions.     

南极海冰与温度变化关系的统计分析(英)

Temporal-spatial characteristics of Antarctic surface air temperature and sea ice variations have been statistically analyzed. Results show that, during the last 30 years there was an obvious warming trend in Antarctica, but there exists substantial difference in different sectors and different period. The most significant warming trend occurred in the Antarctic Peninsula, about 2-3 times greater than that in the whole east Antarctica. In recent 20 years the correlation between Antarctic mean temperature and mean sea ice area is low and insignificant, but its linear trends are found to be opposite related in each sector, that is, sea ice extent reductions when temperatures are high. The different climate sectors defined by cluster analysis clearly show a close relationship between two parameters on the inter-seasonal time scale. The most sensitive correlation sectors found are from south Atlantic to southwest Pacific ocean.     

南极拉斯曼丘陵莫愁湖和团结湖水中有机物剖析(英)

Information on the organic compounds in water of Mochou Lake and Heart Lake, Antarctica is given in this paper. 93 organic compounds were identified from 121 chemical constituents in lake water, including n-alkanes, lipidal isopentadienes, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatics, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, monocarboxylic acids and phthalic esters in the range of 0. 027～4. 97 μg/L. Organic compounds of global occurrence like BHC, DDT and PCBs were detected in the water,at the concentration of 0. 012～0. 356 μg/L.     

亚南极冰川雪冰内MSA的季节变化(英)

Methanesulphonate was investigated as a potential contributor to the sulphur budget based on the analysis on Antarctic snow/ice from Coffins Ice Cap, King George Island (62°10' S, 58°50,W). The anion was found to be present at a mean concentration of 0. 17 μeq. L-1 with a maximum of 0.73 μeq. L-1. A distinct seasonal variation exists in the top 10 m of the core, equivalent to more than two years of deposition. Dating resulted from δ18O profile suggests that the principal peaks of methanesulphonate are associated with snow deposited in autumn and secondary peaks in spring. The seasonal patterns of methanesulphonate in the subantarctic snow displays a phase difference from that observed in marine air from low and middle latitudes.     

液态下冰芯微粒含量随时间的变化-南极乔治王岛冰芯微粒研究(英)

Re-measurement of microparticle content of surface 10 m ice core from the top of King George Island Ice Cap shows that, except samples in 8. 5～ 10 m depth, the microparticle content generally decreases 45%～ 85% within first 48 hours at melted state, afterwards, the content change is small. Content at each grain size interval has a decrease, but the main decrease is in particles of <3μm. Though particle content varies with depth, the decreases are much larger in peak areas than in valleys. From the tests, it can be considered that, the reason of particle content decrease at melted state is that some sea salt grains in samples dissolved. The microparticle content of samples in 8. 5～ 10 m depth has not decrease, the reason is that melting and re freezing have occurred at the depth, because the ice temperature is near 0 °C, and there are series of ice layers, the thickest is 7 cm, at that depth. The chemical analyses for same samples at same conditions show that, except irregular changes in NH4,NO, there are small changes in other ions, probably the content changes in micro-grain <3 μm can not obviously cause the chemical content change in samples.     

南极长城湾及邻近水域表水异养细菌的含量估计及相关因子分析(英)

A survey was made of the number of the heterotrophic bacteria in surface seawater of Great Wall Bay and its adjacent waters, Antarctica during the period of austral summers from Dec.1993 to Feb. 1994. The result shows that the number of the heterotrophic bacteria in the surface waterof the surveyed area is about 798 CFU. cm-3, ranging from 53 to 4 250 CFU. cm-3. Comparison of thenumbers for three months shows a declining tendency month by month. Comparing with the previous results, this one shows that the heterotrophic bacteria number changes somewhat, but slightly. It is lower than that in nearshore waters but higher than that in the open area. This shows that there is a positive correlative relationship between CFU and NH4- N, which means that heterotrophic bacteria should be an important agent in NH4-N reproduction in the environment surveyed. There is an significant negative correlation both between CFU and NOZ-N, and between CFU and PO4-P. This means that the NOZ-N, PO.-P, which were decomposed and transformed by bacteria, were used rapidly by phytoplankton.     

南极大陆冰缘环境变迁与滨海盐湖生态特征(英)

Ecological investigation has been done in some saline lakes in the Vestfold Hills (60°38'S, 78°06' E), East Antarctica. The results show that changes of natural environment and physicalchemical factors, as well as the structure of biotic species and succession do occur in some lakes, due to seasonal and local climate changes and geographic variances in regions. These should be strong ecological proofs to explain that the processes of globle climate change and ice sheet retreating, and isostatic uplift raising, could be continueing in present time, and should be significant to the study on Antarctic and global changes.     

南极长城站区土壤重金属含量特征及来源分析

频繁的人类活动对南极生态环境的影响越来越受到关注,在南极长城站周边人类活动密集区对土壤进行采样的基础上,分析长城站周边地区表层土壤中重金属含量特征,并结合近20年来长城站周边土壤中主要重金属含量的分布,展开对比研究,探讨长城站区主要重金属元素的来源。结果表明,8种主要重金属在长城站表层土壤中都有不同程度的富集,站区频繁的车辆活动使得汽车尾气排放及汽车轮胎磨损产生大量含重金属的有害气体和粉尘,这些物质沉降在站区土壤表层或许是南极长城站区土壤重金属富集的重要原因之一。     

南极长城站区松散沉积物的粒度特征及环境意义

南极长城站区地表松散沉积物按成因分为冰碛、冰缘沉积、冲积、湖积和海岸沉积。对其部分沉积的３．５２ｍｍ以下粒度分析表明，其粒度特征有明显的差别，能很好地反映其形成过程和环境特征。按冰缘沉积、冰碛、冲积和海岸沉积的次序，其粒度组成中砂粒级的含量增加，粉砂和粘土的含量减少；分选性由分选差变为分选较差和分选好；平均粒径分别落在极细砂、细砂、中砂和粗砂粒级；偏度由极正偏变为近对称。粒度参数散点图中各种沉积物的分布有明显的区别。粒度频率曲线的差别能很好地反映沉积物各自的形成过程特点。而冲积和海岸沉积服从正态概率分布，其累积图表现为直线形；冰缘沉积和冰碛服从罗辛概率分布，在累积图中表现为直线形     

东南极中山站-昆仑站断面最高和最低气温变化特征

利用中山站-昆仑站断面自动气象站2 m气温和同期再分析资料分析了南极沿海到内陆高原的最高和最低气温的变化特征, 并通过个例讨论了气温出现极端过程的天气背景. 结果表明: 南极中山站-昆仑站断面最高和最低气温季节变化趋势基本相似, 年际变化不明显. 最高气温标准偏差大于最低气温, 冬季气温标准偏差明显大于夏季, 且夏季气温变化幅度远小于冬季. 随海拔的增加, 最高气温年较差逐渐增大, 最低气温年变化的无芯率(气温没有明显的最小值程度)呈增大趋势, 夏季气温变化幅度逐渐增大, 冬季气温变化幅度的区域性差异不明显; 2005年7月25-31日的极端降温过程主要受到极涡、地面冷高压及下降风的共同影响.     

青海香日德水文站岩体斜长石特征及其地质意义

在野外地质调查和岩相学研究基础上,运用电子探针技术对青海香日德水文站岩体中不同类型的斜长石及其环带进行研究,探讨了香日德水文站岩体中斜长石环带的成因,反演岩浆演化过程,计算了地表剥蚀和隆升速率.结果表明,香日德水文站岩体中斜长石具有正环带和韵律环带;石英闪长岩和包体中矿物结晶深度约12km;花岗闪长岩中矿物结晶深度约9km;由侵位深度计算的地表剥蚀速率为0.04km/Ma,20Ma以来隆升速率为0.6 km/Ma,3.6 Ma以来隆升速率为3.0 km/Ma.此外,研究得出斜长石环带由Ca2+ ⇔ Na+, Al3+ ⇔ Si4+的强交代作用和Fe3+ ⇔ Si4+的弱交代作用支配,认为香日德水文站岩体的演化不是简单的侵位模式,而是岩浆交替侵位、多次混合的过程.     

中国南极长城湾及附近海区1993/1994年度夏季表层水样无机氮、磷酸盐的浓度及其分布状况(英)

The concentrations and distributions of four species of inorganic nutrient salts in surface sea water of Chinese Great Wall Bay and its adjacent sea area, Antarctica were surveyed during austral summers of 1993～1994.The results obtained are as follows:The general concentrations of NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N and PO4-P are 2. 13, 7. 07, 0. 74 and 1. 12 μg. din-3, respectively. Generally speaking, the concentrations are higher inside the Bay than those　 outside and the higher values of those inorganic salts often appear in December. The time for the station　where their higher and lower concentrations appear are not completely the same. The descending order　of the magnitudes of ΣN/P value according to the arrangement monthly is: Dec. Feb. Jan.. The　 variations of water temperature are mostly consist with the concentrations of NH4-N, PO4-P and ΣN/P, but not often with NO2-N. The low concentrations of nutrient salts as shown in some stations may be related with absorption by phytoplankton, perhaps including autotrophic bacteria.The results suggest that the area surveyed has a typical characteristic of an inner shallow water bay, sub-Antarctica. The nutrients needed for phytoplankton are sufficient, and the Bay surveyed is still in a normal condition.