皖南雷公坞组地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

系统的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学分析表明，皖南下震旦统雷公坞组碎屑岩，属弧后盆地沉积。以井潭组为代表的岛弧钙碱性火山岩区是其物源区。     

松辽盆地断陷期超层序界面的地质属性刻画及其油气地质意义

松辽盆地断陷期分为1个超层序组、3个超层序、6个层序。从火石岭组到营城组构成一个完整的活动大陆边缘火山一断陷超层序组。三个超层序分别为同碰撞期火山一断陷超层序(火石岭组)、火山间歇期断陷超层序(沙河子组)和后碰撞期火山一断陷超层序(营城组)。超层序组底界Ts界面是前三叠纪拼合基底与侏罗系火山岩一沉积岩互层序列之间的反射界面,界面上下层系之间的间断时限≥45Ma;界面之下是古亚洲洋构造域时期形成的拼合基底,界面之上是鄂霍次克洋构造域形成的火山—沉积建造。超层序组顶界T4界面是断陷期火山岩一碎屑岩互层／序列与上覆坳陷期正常沉积岩层序之间的反射界面,界面上下层系之间的间断时限为3～5Ma;界面之下是鄂霍次克洋构造域晚期形成的火山—沉积建造,界面之上是太平洋构造域早期形成的坳陷期沉积层序。层序对油气的控制作用十分明显。高产工业气藏主要见于超层序组的顶界面;工业气藏和低产气藏主要出现在层序界面附近;层序内部一般多形成低产气藏或差气层。     

江山—绍兴断裂带构造格局的新元古代SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄证据

报道采自双溪坞群不同岩组岩石样品的锆石年龄,其中,平水组英安质凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为908.2±6.8Ma,双溪坞群北坞组安山岩年龄为901.6±5.5Ma,双溪坞群章村组火山角砾岩安山质角砾岩年龄为899±8Ma,上覆河上镇群骆家门组底砾岩(花岗闪长岩)SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为878.96±4.5Ma。通过年龄数据探讨位于该断裂带的构造背景,依据该年龄数据限定区域地层对比和构造演化序列。锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学标示了江山—绍兴断裂带北侧双溪坞群的沉积地层,地球化学分析表明该群代表了新元古代早期华南洋的中间岛弧。上述年龄为江山—绍兴断裂带变质地层的对比增添了可靠的年龄依据。     

江山-绍兴断裂带构造格局的新元古代SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄证据

报道采自双溪坞群不同岩组岩石样品的锆石年龄,其中,平水组英安质凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为908.2±6.8Ma,双溪坞群北坞组安山岩年龄为901.6±5.5Ma,双溪坞群章村组火山角砾岩安山质角砾岩年龄为899±8Ma,上覆河上镇群骆家门组底砾岩（花岗闪长岩）SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为878.96±4.5Ma。通过年龄数据探讨位于该断裂带的构造背景,依据该年龄数据限定区域地层对比和构造演化序列。锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学标示了江山-绍兴断裂带北侧双溪坞群的沉积地层,地球化学分析表明该群代表了新元古代早期华南洋的中间岛弧。上述年龄为江山-绍兴断裂带变质地层的对比增添了可靠的年龄依据。     

东昆仑地区赛什腾组碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学:对其物质来源及地层时代的约束

出露于东昆仑地区的赛什腾组是一套变碎屑岩,底部为具鲍马序列的深海浊流沉积,往上总体为下细上粗的浅海–滨浅海沉积,构成一套海退沉积序列,是东昆仑地区原特提斯洋闭合过程中形成的物质记录。由于赛什腾组中缺少化石记录,前人对其地层时代的归属一直存在争议。本文通过对赛什腾组碎屑锆石年龄谱的研究,恢复了物源区经历的几期重大构造–岩浆事件,对其物质来源及沉积时代进行了约束,为构建东昆仑及其邻区的构造演化历史提供了参考。研究得到赛什腾组碎屑锆石年龄谱存在2500 Ma、2300~2600 Ma、1600~1800 Ma、800~1200 Ma和421~600 Ma五个年龄区间,相应指示其最终物源区可能存在古老结晶基底,并先后经历了早元古代早期构造–岩浆事件、早元古代晚期构造–岩浆事件、中元古代晚期构造–岩浆事件(格林威尔运动)、新元古代早期构造–岩浆事件和早古生代构造–岩浆事件(原特提斯洋演化阶段);将赛什腾组碎屑锆石年龄与恢复得到的古水流方向相结合,推测北部邻区的白沙河岩组、小庙群、万宝沟群和新元古代早期构造–岩浆活动及原特提斯洋演化后期在东昆仑地区形成的大量中酸性岩浆岩是其主要物源;根据得到的年龄为421±7 Ma的最年轻碎屑锆石,结合侵入其中的年龄为413.8±0.8 Ma的二长花岗岩,将赛什腾组的沉积时代限定于421~413 Ma,结束了前人对其形成时代的争议;并进一步根据赛什腾组是东昆仑地区原特提斯洋发生俯冲消减直至碰撞闭合的填满沉积序列,提出赛什腾组的地层沉积时代可认为是东昆仑地区局部原特提斯洋发生闭合的最大年龄。     

浙西常山蒲塘口剖面上奥陶统沉积相特征北大核心CSCD

浙江常山蒲塘口剖面由下至上出露上奥陶统砚瓦山组、黄泥岗组、三衢山组和长坞组,发育斜坡相碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩沉积,凯迪阶中含碎屑流沉积和以滑塌构造为主的软沉积物变形构造。砚瓦山组发育多期斜坡上部常见的中—远源碎屑流沉积、底流作用形成的含纹理条带状灰岩以及以钙质细砂岩为主的水下河道充填,出现大量原位软沉积物变形构造,包括火焰构造、小型泄水构造、沉积物挤入构造和塑性变形褶皱。黄泥岗组和三衢山组以含滑塌构造的深水相泥质灰岩为主,水体较砚瓦山组有所加深,至少有三期滑塌构造层。综合分析沉积岩相、软沉积物变形机制、大地构造背景,认为海底地形的坡度变陡和相对较高的沉积速率可能是砚瓦山组中大量软沉积物变形构造的触发机制,并且对其瘤状灰岩的形成也有一定的贡献。黄泥岗组、三衢山组中的滑塌构造可能与当时华夏古陆快速向北扩张、古地形逐渐变陡及地震作用有关。     

浙北双溪坞群的构造特征及地质意义

本文在野外地质工作基础上,通过对双溪坞群的岩层对比和构造分析,认为本区的双溪坞群与上覆地层间在构造样式上的存在着较大差异。双溪坞群的章村组和北组具有相似的地质特征,为同一火山放心回的产物。神功运动使早期形成的双溪坞群褶皱造山,开怀 竖线型平臣褶皱构造,并受后期构造的叠加改造,形成轴向北东的叠加褶皱构造格局。     

夏色岭钨铜矿床反S形构造形成机理

在钨矿床中,反S形构造是一种少见的构造类型.作为典型,夏色岭钨矿床的反S形构造已编入许多地质力学教材.然而其理论分析及模拟实验,至今仍有很大分歧.地质概况夏色岭钨铜矿区分布的地层属中震旦统雷公坞组.矿床主要分布于两条北东向断裂之间.F_8断裂破碎带宽3～5米,具断层泥、片理、凸镜体及条带状构造,倾向南     

印支运动在鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地启动时间的讨论：来自生长地层的证据

造山带的形成、演化与周缘盆地受统一构造事件影响,"盆"与"山"在构造和沉积方面相互耦合,沉积盆地存在造山事件的响应,如生长地层、包卷层理等。生长地层为同构造或同变形阶段沉积,其沉积时代可以有效约束构造事件时代。中央造山带近东西向展布,北侧为鄂尔多斯地块,南侧为扬子地块。中央造山带的形成主要源于原—古特提斯洋的闭合,原特提斯洋在早古生代闭合,古特提斯洋在中生代闭合,后者改造前者并响应全球印支运动。印支运动的启动,一方面促使现今中国大陆雏形的形成,另一方面响应Pangea超大陆的最终汇聚,具有重要的大地构造意义。古特提斯洋闭合,华南地块和华北地块汇聚拼贴,并在鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地沉积地层中保留了很好的记录。笔者在鄂尔多斯盆地南缘上三叠统识别出一套生长地层,通过最年轻碎屑锆石与区内相同地层凝灰岩锆石对比,限定印支运动启动时间为233 Ma左右;在四川盆地北缘上三叠统须家河组识别出一套生长地层,通过对比分析,推测印支运动启动时间为216 Ma左右。     

祁连-柴达木-东昆仑新元古-中生代沉积盆地演化

祁连-柴达木-东昆仑处于中央造山带的中西部, 经历了复杂的构造演化史.将祁连-柴达木-东昆仑地区划分为19个地层分区, 在总结各地层分区沉积盆地特征基础上, 讨论了祁连-柴达木-东昆仑地区的构造-沉积演化史: 新元古代-早古生代, 随着北祁连洋、赛什腾-锡铁山洋、东昆仑洋开始张裂, 研究区为陆缘裂谷、洋盆沉积; 早古生代末3个洋盆陆续消减闭合, 开始造山阶段的前陆盆地和碰撞造山后的陆缘裂陷沉积; 寒武纪-早-中三叠世, 东昆仑阿尼玛卿洋经历了拉张-俯冲-闭合, 之后全区进入陆内断陷、坳陷盆地阶段.研究区各地层分区的沉积盆地特征很好地记录了北祁连洋、赛什腾-锡铁山洋、东昆仑洋的开合及陆内造山等构造过程, 为重大构造事件提供了重要的沉积学证据.      

Elsterian‐Holsteinian deposits at Kås Hoved,northern Denmark: sediments,foraminifera, ostracods,and stable isotopes

The coastal cliff section at Kås Hoved in northern Denmark represents one of the largest exposures of marine interglacial deposits in Europe. High‐resolution analyses of sediments, foraminifera, ostracods, and stable isotopes (oxygen and carbon) in glacial‐interglacial marine sediments from this section, as well as from two adjacent boreholes, are the basis for an interpretation of marine environmental and climatic change through the Late Elsterian‐Holsteinian glacial‐interglacial cycle. The overlying glacial deposits show two ice advances during the Saalian and Weichselian glaciations. The assemblages in the initial glacier‐proximal part of the marine Late Elsterian succession reveal fluctuations in the inflow of sediment‐loaded meltwater to the area. This is followed by faunal indication of glacier‐distal, open marine conditions, coinciding with a gradual climatic change from arctic to subarctic environments. Continuous marine sedimentation during the glacial‐interglacial transition is presumably a result of a large‐scale isostatic subsidence caused by the preceding extended Elsterian glaciation. The similarity of the climatic signature of the interglacial Holsteinian and Holocene assemblages in this region indicates that the Atlantic Ocean circulation was similar during these two interglacials, whereas Eemian interglacial assemblages indicate a comparatively high water temperature associated with an enhanced North Atlantic Current. The foraminiferal zones are correlated with other Elsterian‐Holsteinian sites in Denmark, as well as those in the type area for the Holsteinian interglacial in northern Germany and the southern North Sea. Correlation of the NW European Holsteinian succession with the marine isotope stages MIS 7, 9 or 11 is still unresolved.     

Glaciotectonised Quaternary sediments at Cape Shpindler,Yugorski Peninsula,Arctic Russia: implications for glacial history,ice movements and Kara Sea Ice Sheet configuration

The coastal cliffs of Cape Shpindler, Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia, occupy a key position for recording overriding ice sheets during past glaciations in the Kara Sea area, either from the Kara Sea shelf or the uplands of Yugorski Peninsula/Polar Urals. This study on Late Quaternary glacial stratigraphy and glaciotectonic structures of the Cape Shpindler coastal cliffs records two glacier advances and two ice‐free periods older than the Holocene. During interglacial conditions, a sequence of marine to fluvial sediments was deposited. This was followed by a glacial event when ice moved southwards from an ice‐divide over Novaya Zemlya and overrode and disturbed the interglacial sediments. After a second period of fluvial deposition, under interstadial or interglacial conditions, the area was again subject to glacial overriding, with the ice moving northwards from an inland ice divide. The age‐control suggests that the older glacial event could possibly belong to marine oxygen isotope stage (MOIS) 8, Drenthe (300–250 ka), and that the underlying interglacial sediments might be Holsteinian (>300 ka). One implication of this is that relict glacier ice, buried in sediments and incorporated into the permafrost, may survive several interglacial and interstadial events. The younger glacial event recognised in the Cape Shpindler sequence is interpreted to be of Early‐to‐Middle Weichselian age. It is suggested to correlate to a regional glaciation around 90 or 60 ka. The Cape Shpindler record suggests more complex glacial dynamics during that glaciation than can be explained by a concentric ice sheet located in the Kara Sea, as suggested by recent geological and model studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰地区第四纪气候的变迁

世界第一高峰--珠穆朗玛峰位于喜马拉雅山中段。喜马拉雅山又是世界上最高大的山脉。在那里,群峰争妍、白雪皑皑、山高谷深,地势极为险峻,藏族人民称她为“冰雪的家乡”。它的上升对我国和亚洲北部地区的气候和自然产生着巨大的影响;也是研究第四纪气候变迁的理想阵地。长期以来,关于本区复杂多变的古气候等问题曾引起了中外学者们的广泛注意。     

Evidence from the Trent terrace archive, Lincolnshire, UK, for lowland glaciation of Britain during the Middle and Late Pleistocene

The late Middle Pleistocene fluvial terrace sequence of the lower Trent system, Lincolnshire (eastern England), provides an excellent record of environmental change, including evidence for the last two interglacial episodes. It also provides important stratigraphical evidence for the timing and extent of three separate glaciations. Two of these, the Anglian and Devensian, are well-established correlatives of Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 12 and 2 respectively; the third is a hitherto un-named post-Anglian-pre-Devensian glaciation in eastern England that has been the subject of much previous speculation, but can now be attributed with some confidence to MIS 8. Crucially, the recognition of MIS 7 interglacial deposits within the Balderton-Southrey terrace of the proto-Trent indicates that the underlying Wragby Till, which is ascribed to this additional glaciation, was emplaced no later than MIS 8. The oldest terrace preserved within the lower Trent staircase, the Eagle Moor-Martin Terrace, is considered to be a complex glacial outwash terrace related to the Wragby Till glaciation. It is suggested that deposits representing MIS 11-9, which are conspicuously absent throughout the Trent system, were removed by this glaciation. This is a departure from previous interpretations, which have suggested MIS 10 or MIS 6 as the most likely stages in which an extensive post-Anglian-pre-Devensian lowland glaciation might have occurred in Britain. However, the widespread preservation of undisrupted post-MIS 8 fluvial sequences throughout the Trent valley and in neighbouring systems, within which MIS 7 interglacial deposits have now been recognized at a number of localities, indicates that ice sheets are unlikely to have advanced further into this catchment during MIS 6 than during the Devensian (MIS 2). Recognition of a British glaciation during MIS 8 corresponds with widespread evidence in Europe, which suggests that glacial deposits classified as ‘Saalian’ represent both MIS 8 and MIS 6; in many areas, distinguishing these remains controversial, as confident correlation with either stage is often only possible where glacial sediments interdigitate with well-constrained fluvial records.     

第四纪气候变化机制研究的进展与问题

自从20世纪50年代海洋沉积氧同位素记录被揭示以来,经典的陆地4次冰期理论被新的认识所取代,人们发现第四纪以来冰期—间冰期旋回远远不止4次,并且从深海沉积和陆地黄土获取的古气候变化记录与地球轨道参数变化可以对比,为揭示第四纪古气候变化机制构建了明确的框架。近年来有关末次冰期不稳定气候事件的揭示也为深入认识古气候变化特征提供了新的证据。然而冰期—间冰期旋回机制、南北半球在冰期—间冰期循环过程中的耦合机制以及气候不稳定事件发生机制仍然是困扰古气候研究者的重大问题。     

Quaternary glaciation and hydrologic variation in the South American tropics as reconstructed from the Lake Titicaca drilling project

A 136-m-long drill core of sediments was recovered from tropical high-altitude Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, enabling a reconstruction of past climate that spans four cycles of regional glacial advance and retreat and that is estimated to extend continuously over the last 370,000 yr. Within the errors of the age model, the periods of regional glacial advance and retreat are concordant respectively with global glacial and interglacial stages. Periods of ice advance in the southern tropical Andes generally were periods of positive water balance, as evidenced by deeper and fresher conditions in Lake Titicaca. Conversely, reduced glaciation occurred during periods of negative water balance and shallow closed-basin conditions in the lake. The apparent coincidence of positive water balance of Lake Titicaca and glacial growth in the adjacent Andes with Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion implies that regional water balance and glacial mass balance are strongly influenced by global-scale temperature changes, as well as by precessional forcing of the South American summer monsoon.     

First cosmogenic 10Be constraints on LGM glaciation on New Zealand's North Island: Park Valley,Tararua Range

We report the first direct ages for late Quaternary glaciation on the North Island of New Zealand. Mt Ruapehu, the volcanic massif in the North Island's centre, is currently glaciated and probably sustained glaciers throughout the late Quaternary, yet no numeric ages have been reported for glacial advances anywhere on the North Island. Here, we describe cosmogenic ¹⁰Be ages of the surface layers of a glacially transported boulder and glacially polished bedrock from the Tararua Range, part of the axial ranges of the North Island. Results indicate that a limited valley glaciation occurred, culminating in recession at the end of the last glacial coldest period (LGCP, ca. 18 ka). This provides an initial age for deglaciation on the North Island during the last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT). It appears that glaciation occurred in response to an equilibrium‐line altitude (ELA) lowering of ～1400 m below the present‐day mean summer freezing level. Ages for glaciation in the Tararua Range correspond closely to exposure ages for the last glacial maximum (LGM) from the lateral moraines of Cascade Valley in the South Island, and in Cobb Valley, in northern South Island. The corollary is that glaciation in the Tararua Range coincided with the phase of maximum cooling during MIS 2, prior to the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR), during the LGCP. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

川西沙鲁里山第四纪冰川及与邻区之对比

沙鲁里山是研究第四纪冰川的最佳场所之一。可划分四个冰期,第一冰期为大陆冰盖,第二、三期及现代冰川为山岳冰川;整体反映第四纪地壳不断抬升,气候不断变暖,冰川不断向高山退缩的过程。     

最后两个冰期旋回季风-沙漠系统不稳定性的高分辨率黄土记录

黄土高原西北部黄土沉积的粒度变化同时受控于沙漠进退和冬季风强度波动,因此,此区粒度可视为季风-沙漠系统变迁的替代性指标。本研究以2cm为间隔,对李家塬和新庄源S₂以上部分做了粒度分析。结果表明,倒数第二次冰期中的冰阶时段与末次冰期类似,存在着频繁的千年尺度的气候波动;而末次间冰期这类变化并不明显。