内外业一体化作业方法在土地利用更新调查中的应用

简要陈述内外业一体化作业方法的概念和基本作业过程及应用,以及土地利用更新调查的几种作业方法和过程,再以福建省霞浦县为例详细介绍了内外业一体化方法在土地利用更新调查中的应用。     

地籍调查成图一体化技术研究

随着我国城乡经济的日益发展、城镇化的不断推进,各地方建设用地状况变化很大。全面、及时、准确地掌握土地利用信息,确保地籍成果的基础性、正确性和现势性,成为地籍调查的首要任务。本文面向地籍调查业务,以快速地籍成图为目的,设计了内外业一体化的地籍调查技术流程,确定了内外业数据交互格式及交互规则,研究了内外业一体化的地籍成图技术,设计了内业系统自动重构地籍图的方法流程,实现了地籍图快速生成。     

地下管线内外业一体化探测技术研究及实现

调查管线探测内外业一体化作业研究现状,分析传统地下管线探测流程存在的问题,提出外业探测、测量,内业成图、建库、更新一体化的作业流程。并在清华山维公司EPS2008平台上,通过开发定制实现南京市地下管线探测内外业一体化作业整套流程,提升管线作业和管理水平。     

Eps平台在不动产权籍调查内外业一体化中的应用

结合项目实际生产情况,本文提出了一种基于EpsGCM平台的电子调绘系统进行不动产权籍调查内外业一体化的生产模式,在已有地籍及影像资料的基础上,采用全数字化的外业调绘核查技术,进行不动产要素外业调查和权属信息验证,快速采集和编辑调查数据。总结了如何通过该技术方案与内业编辑工序进行衔接,实现内外业工作的一体化,并分析了该生产模式的优势和特点,可为其他同类外业调查项目提供参考。     

利用IKONOS卫星影像进行内外业一体化测图技术的应用

基于IKONOS卫星影像进行1∶10000数字测图的实验,提出了利用IKONOS卫星影像进行内外业一体化成图的技术方案,进一步论述了内外业一体化测图的作业方法和生产中应注意的事项。     

浅谈1∶10000调绘内外业一体化作业

简要介绍了制作数字正射影像图、数字线划图的作业方法;并对1∶10 000调绘内外业一体化作业流程进行了有针对性地阐述;着重就外业调绘部分在内外业一体化作业方法中的重要性及主要技术要求做了较全面描述。     

浅谈1∶10000调绘内外业一体化作业

简要介绍了制作数字正射影像图、数字线划图的作业方法;并对1∶10 000调绘内外业一体化作业流程进行了有针对性地阐述;着重就外业调绘部分在内外业一体化作业方法中的重要性及主要技术要求做了较全面描述。     

基于GPRS的土地变更调查一体化系统应用探讨

介绍了基于GPRS公网的实时差分技术的土地变更调查的技术方法和工作流程,以徐州市数字国土土地变更调查为例,实现了基于GPRS公网的GPS-PDA采集、处理、分析土地变更信息的内外业一体化系统。     

一体化测绘技术在城市基础地理信息数据更新中的应用

就一体化测绘技术在基础地理信息数据更新中的应用情况进行了较为全面的分析,简要回顾了一体化测绘技术在数字测绘技术体系建设中的发展过程,分析了内外业一体化与采编一体化和图库一体化技术之间的关系,讨论了内外业一体化技术的变迁,分析了航测采编一体化、图库一体化和集群分布式并行计算等技术在基础地理信息数据更新中的作用。     

测绘内外业一体化及相关问题研究

随着测绘信息化时代的到来,测绘生产模式发生了重要的变化,改变了流程长、分工细的传统工艺,转而向内外业一体化发展。本文主要探讨了测绘内外业一体化出现的背景和它带来的影响,同时重点讨论了在测绘内外业一体化下,职工业务素质和教育、测绘队伍改革和布局两大问题,为新时期测绘地理信息队伍建设和整体布局提供一些对策建议。     

不确定性选址问题探讨

阐述了GIS网络分析中不确定性选址问题的基本模型及特性。从问题的定义可知其为NP完备类问题。推导了最优解在紧条件的下界算法,并结合广义Powell算法及遗传算法,提出了不确定性选址问题的混合遗传算法,实验证明,在最优解的品质和收敛速度上都达到了比较好的效果。同时,实验的结果从另一个角度证明,如果兼顾收敛速度和解的品质这两个指标,单纯的遗传算法未必比其他搜索算法更优越,采用一些局部搜索性能较好的算法结合遗传算法,可以从两方面改善求解效果。     

基于XML的元数据技术在GIS中的应用

阐述了元数据的概念,介绍了目前国际上的几种元数据标准,分析了地理空间元数据技术在地理信息系统的重要地位,并结合具体的项目实践经验阐述了在地理信息系统中使用XMLSchema表示元数据结构、使用XML对象表示元数据、使用XML编辑器编辑元数据以及在关系数据库中使用树形拆分法存储元数据的方法。     

设计模式和重构在土地信息系统中的应用

设计模式和重构对于解决土地信息系统需求变化问题,具有重要意义,可以实现可复用性。本文并结合土地信息系统的开发实例,详细论述如何运用重构准则实现抽象工厂、装饰等模式。旨在促进土地信息系统开发中注重设计模式和重构准则的应用,实现软件设计的复用,提高土地信息系统的质量和开发效率。     

Monitoring mangrove forests: Are we taking full advantage of technology?

Mangrove forests grow in the estuaries of 124 tropical countries around the world. Because in-situ monitoring of mangroves is difficult and time-consuming, remote sensing technologies are commonly used to monitor these ecosystems. Landsat satellites have provided regular and systematic images of mangrove ecosystems for over 30 years, yet researchers often cite budget and infrastructure constraints to justify the underuse this resource. Since 2001, over 50 studies have used Landsat or ASTER imagery for mangrove monitoring, and most focus on the spatial extent of mangroves, rarely using more than five images. Even after the Landsat archive was made free for public use, few studies used more than five images, despite the clear advantages of using more images (e.g. lower signal-to-noise ratios). The main argument of this paper is that, with freely available imagery and high performance computing facilities around the world, it is up to researchers to acquire the necessary programming skills to use these resources. Programming skills allow researchers to automate repetitive and time-consuming tasks, such as image acquisition and processing, consequently reducing up to 60% of the time dedicated to these activities. These skills also help scientists to review and re-use algorithms, hence making mangrove research more agile. This paper contributes to the debate on why scientists need to learn to program, not only to challenge prevailing approaches to mangrove research, but also to expand the temporal and spatial extents that are commonly used for mangrove research.     

新形势下摄影测量学课程教学改革探讨

随着视频卫星、无人机和计算机技术的普及与发展,摄影测量技术已经从传统地势侦察与地形测绘推广应用于智慧城市建设的各个领域,多学科的交叉融合是摄影测量发展的必经之路。为了满足传统摄影测量向智能摄影测量发展要求,本文在原有摄影测量教学的基础上,引入倾斜摄影测量与计算机视觉方面的相关知识,优化和完善摄影测量教学内容,丰富教学实践。本文教学改革探讨旨在扩展摄影测量教学前言知识,满足现代社会对创新型和实践型摄影测量人才的需求,为摄影测量学科适应新时代的发展提供了理论基础。     

基于车载激光点云的高精地图矢量化成图

针对车载激光点云中对各特征物提取结果后矢量化成图时的自动化问题,本文基于双方向积分法实现了边缘检测及矢量化成图,旨在保证特征物基本特征的同时,也保证点云的绝对精度。将输入的特征点云进行离群点过滤,以保证外包框算法特征点云的准确度;将三维点云按照外包框算法投影至最优平面,为后续沿各方向积分提供输入;利用八邻域KD-tree算法求出样本特征点云的均值邻域半径,依据邻域半径对各方向积分提供积分域中的微分元;根据提供的微分元沿各方向进行积分,在该积分元内找到距平面最值的最优解;按照积分结果构建点云索引,并根据点云特征构建模型,最终得到高精地图的矢量化点云。试验证明了该方法在处理实际问题时的可行性。     

Retrieving Hierarchical Information from Maps: The Role of Metric and Configurational Variables

Abstract

One of the most important challenges for cartographers is to be able to transmit information appearing in maps in a simple manner to users. The commonest strategy to do so consists in displaying visual information in a hierarchical way, that is, making it some elements to appear as being more important than others. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that people also pay attention to configurational information, or information about relationships among elements appearing in a map, to retrieve hierarchical information of it. This is the topic of this paper. It aims to investigate the role of metric and configurational information in enabling people to retrieve hierarchical information from maps. The main problem consisted in identifying ‘the main street’ of different layouts whose paths were sometimes widened to make them appear more important. The main findings show that people retrieved hierarchical information by paying attention to a combination of metric and configurational factors.

One of the main challenges that cartographers face is to transmit information in a way that is simple to understand for everyone. The most frequent strategy for this is to display the information in a hierarchical way; that is, by exaggerating the size or width of specific elements and thus assigning them a greater degree of importance. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that when reading maps, people also read configurational information. This is the topic of this paper. It aims to investigate the role of metric and configurational information in enabling people to retrieve hierarchical information from maps. For this, a set of exercises was designed and carried out where people were asked to identify the main street of different specially designed layouts. The main findings show that people retrieved hierarchical information by paying attention to a combination of metric and configurational factors.     

Populating digital earth: improving access to Chinese remote sensing data for terrestrial applications

Global change has a significant impact on the lives of humankind. Earth observation can help to better understand our earth and cope with global change. With the availability of more reliable environmental data sets, digital earth is becoming a popular way to monitor the Earth and provide information to researchers and decision makers on environment protection, disaster mitigation, and social benefits. Therefore, accessing data with lowering costs is essential for digital earth. Nevertheless, there are big challenges in ensuring the feasibility of access to Chinese remote sensing data. This paper outlines some of the main challenges in realizing data sharing, provides an analysis of the core reasons leading to these challenges, and proposes recommendations to overcome the challenges. Amongst the main challenges are differences in data policy to gain access to satellite data, diverse data formats, and delivery mechanisms. The major challenge for the decision makers is to define a more open policy and for the scientist the challenge is to implement these polices for the benefit of all. This paper proposes that governments should adopt policies encouraging more open distribution and access to their data, in order to generate an improved digital earth with increased benefits to human society.     

GPS信噪比观测值的土壤湿度变化趋势反演

土壤湿度变化趋势是某一个位置或区域内水资源循环的重要指标.多路径误差作为一种在导航、定位中的重要测量误差,由于其较弱的空间相关性,难以采用全球甚至区域性模型或差分的方法予以消除.在讨论和研究了多路径误差反射模型的基础上,实现了利用 GPS信噪比 SNR(Signal - to - NoiseRatio)观测值中的多路径反射分量对土壤湿度变化趋势的模拟.结合实测 GPS数据和土壤湿度计观测数据的对比和分析表明,该方法能反映土壤湿度变化趋势.同时,在计算过程中如何选择合适卫星、对反演结果质量进行评价以及如何实现两种观测结果之间的同化等是进一步需要研究的问题.     

多指标融合的小波去噪最佳分解尺度选择方法1

借助最小均方根误差、信噪比及光滑度变化随小波分解尺度增加的收敛特性,提出了一种多指标融合的小波去噪最佳分解尺度选择方法。该方法利用信息熵来融合小波去噪过程中不同方面的变化特征,能够更全面地反映小波去噪结果与分解尺度间的对应关系;通过定量识别融合指标变化的拐点,能够有效识别小波去噪的最佳分解尺度。针对不同类型的去噪信号进行实验分析并与现有方法进行比较,验证了本文提出方法的有效性与优越性。