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1.
Disequilibria between ~(210)Po and ~(210)Pb in surface waters of the southern South China Sea and their implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
YANG Weifeng HUANG Yipu CHEN Min ZHANG Lei LI Hongbin LIU Guangshan QIU Yusheng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1)
Naturally occurring 210Po (half-life 138.4d) is the granddaughter of 210Pb (half-life 22.3a), both are members of 238U decay series and have been inten-sively utilized to study kinetic aspects of material cy-cling in the ocean[1]. Based on radioactive disequilibria in the 226Ra-210Pb-210Po system, oceanographical processes with different timescales have been widely studied. Rama et al.[2] first detected excess 210Pb rela-tive to its precursor 226Ra in surface waters, and considered this exc… 相似文献
2.
In order to provide a basis for the earthquake resistance protection zoning of Anshan City, westudied the activity of faults. In the study, the synthetic geophysical prospecting techniqueswere used. These techniques include the shallow artificial earthquake method, electric method,geologic radar method, etc., with shallow artificial earthquake sounding as the main means.In the meantime, the data of geophysical prospecting and borehole record of this city werecollected and the methods of field investigation and sample age dating were also used incombination. The results show that there are 5 hidden or semi-hidden faults in Anshon City.Among these faults, Dashitou-Songsantai fault, Ningyuantun fault and Dayangqi fault trendNW, the middle Pleistotene Tanggangzi fault trends NE, while the early Pleistocene or Pre-Quaternary Ertaizi fault trend NW. According to the definition of active faults, none of thesefaults is active. This paper also discussed the cause for the formation of seriously damagedareas in Ans 相似文献
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北京平原区隐伏断裂晚第四纪活动特征的联合剖面研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
通过地形地质、化探、浅层物探、钻探和槽探等多手段的联合剖面探测研究,首次查明了夏垫隐伏断裂和南口-孙河隐伏断裂的准确位置及其活动性,发现上述隐伏断裂同时具有缓慢同生断裂运动和间隙性突发位错两种运动型式。夏垫隐伏断裂在距今5000年以来有过两次与7级以上地震相当的突发性断层位错;南口-孙河隐伏断裂在最近的1.2万年以来仅发生一次约相当7级地震的突发性断裂位错。这表明,北京平原区的各个隐伏断裂自晚第四 相似文献
4.
Disequilibria between 210Po and 210Pb in surface waters of the southern South China Sea and their implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yang Weifeng Huang Yipu Chen Min Zhang Lei Li Hongbin Liu Guangshan Qiu Yusheng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):103-112
Activities of the naturally occurring radionuclides, 210Pb and 210Po, were measured in both dissolved (<0.45 μm) and particulate (>0.45 μm) phases from surface waters of the southern South
China Sea. The average activity of particulate 210Pb, 0.23 Bq/m3 (n=23), accounted for about 12% of the total 210Pb, which corresponds with values of open oceans. Particulate 210Po, with an average activity of 0.43 Bq/m3, accounted for about 40% of the total 210Po, which was much higher than those of open and eutrophic oceans. The residence times of total 210Po and 210Pb in surface waters estimated from an irreversible steady-state model were 0.82 a and 1.16 a, respectively. The consistently
high fractionation factor calculated either by scavenging rate constants (5.42) or Kd values (6.69) suggested that a significant fractionation occurred between 210Po and 210Pb during their removal from solution to particles and that the two radionuclides had different biogeochemical cycling pathways
in the oligotrophic South China Sea. Furthermore, our results indicated that there exist different fractionation mechanisms
between 210Po and 210Pb in different marine environments: in eutrophic ocean, plankton detritus and fecal pellets are the main carrier of 210Po and 210Pb, by which 210Po and 210Pb have been scavenged and removed; while in oligotrophic ocean, microbes could become the main carrier of 210Po and fractionate 210Po and 210Pb significantly as a result of scarce plankton detritus and fecal pellets. These results suggest the use of 210Po to trace marine biogeochemical processes relating to microbial activities and the cycling of sulfur group elements (S,
Se, Te and Po). 相似文献
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LU Ren-qi XU Xi-wei CHEN Li-chun CHEN Gui-hua YAO Qi SUN Jian-bao REN Jun-jie REN Zhi-kun XU Chong WEI Zhan-yu TAN Xi-bin DONG Shao-peng SHI Feng WU Xi-yan 《地震地质》2018,40(1):1-11
On 8 August 8 2017, an MS7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province. Field geological investigations did not find any co-seismic surface rupture in the epicenter area, implying that the seismogenic structure is likely a hidden active fault. Based on the results of the relocated aftershocks, the seismogenic fault was simulated and characterized using the SKUA-GOCAD software. The three-dimensional model of the seismogenic fault was preliminarily constructed, which shows that the main shock of the Jiuzhaigou MS7.0 earthquake occurred at the sharp bending area of the fault surface, similar to the geometry of the active fault that generated several major earthquakes in the Songpan area during 1973-1976. Our study suggests that high seismicity of this area may be closely related to the inhomogeneous geometry of the fault surface. In this work, we collected the historical earthquakes of M ≥ 6.5, and analyzed the geometric and kinematic features of the active faults in the study area. A three-dimensional fault model for the 10 main active faults was constructed, and its limitation in fault modeling was discussed. It could provide evidence for analyzing the seismotectonics of historical earthquakes, exploring the relationships between earthquakes and active faults, and predicting major earthquakes in the future. 相似文献
7.
哈尔滨市目标区内主要断裂断错地表的最新活动时代为第四纪早期,晚更新世以来无断错地表的活动迹象。通过对城市活动断层地震危险性评价的技术思路、哈尔滨市工作区的地震地质环境与潜在震源区划分、目标区主要断裂活动特征的综合分析,确定了目标区内3条主要断裂未来可能发生地震的最大震级,并以兴安-东蒙活动地块与工作区作为分析的两种范围尺度,在适当调整工程地震学地震危险性概率分析方法的基础上,综合估算了目标区和目标区内单条断裂未来100年的发震概率。结果表明:哈尔滨市目标区主要断裂未来发生4.0级上破坏性地震的可能性极小,可能地震的最大震级为MS5.5 相似文献
8.
用折射波法对断层进行勘探的实际工作中,不仅观察到上、下盘的正常折射波及棱上的绕射波,而且还可以看到因绕射、透过所产生的一些次生异常波.这些波郁同时在记录上出现,并构成一幅复杂的波形图.如果不能一一地识别它们,并掌握它们的运动学及动力学特征,就无法正确地识别及解释断层.以往一些文章多半讨论板状介质边缘上的绕射现象,而未涉及上、下盘同时存在时,折射法记录上可能出现的次生绕射、折射波. 本文为了解决这一问题,利用了超声波脉冲地震模拟仪进行了实验,对不同大小断距情况下的折射异常波及次生波进行了研究,回答了有关断层勘探中必须阐明的一些问题. 相似文献
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中国不少城市位于较厚的第四纪松散沉积物覆盖区,在这些松散层内,发育了许多具有相当规模的隐伏断裂,用地震方法能够探测到它们的存在。但用地震方法探测到的这些隐伏断裂的上断点是否代表了真正意义的断裂上断点?文中在讨论地震记录分辨率的基础上,探讨了影响地震勘探效果的记录信噪比、地质构造条件以及资料处理和解释方法:为提高地震记录的信噪比和分辨率,需要采取相应的技术措施,如在数据采集过程中,使敷设的地震剖面垂直断裂走向,在保证地震记录具有较高信噪比的条件下,采用合适的覆盖次数和小道间距接收的工作方法有助于获取更浅波阻抗界面的反射波;在数据处理和解释的过程中,准确求取反射波的速度,采用一些提高地震记录分辨率和信噪比的处理技术,摒弃一些混波处理手段,有助于改善利用地震方法探测隐伏断裂上断点的效果。而对于没有波阻抗差异的地层界面,包括隐伏断裂已经错断的那些地层界面,地震方法则难以对其进行探测。即使地震方法探测到的不一定是真正意义上的隐伏断层上断点,其结果依然可为今后钻孔剖面位置的布设、钻孔深度的设计以及断层活动性的判定提供科学依据。 相似文献
12.
NEW EVIDENCES OF THE HOLOCENE FAULT IN SUQIAN SEGMENT OF THE TANLU FAULT ZONE DISCOVERED BY SHALLOW SEISMIC EXPLORATION METHOD 下载免费PDF全文
XU Han-gang FAN Xiao-ping RAN Yong-kang GU Qin-ping ZHANG Peng LI Li-mei ZHAO Qi-guang WANG Jin-yan 《地震地质》2016,38(1):31-43
The fault F5 is considered as the most active fault in the Tanlu fault zone(Yi-Shu fault zone), which is located from Weifang of Shandong Province to Jiashan of Anhui Province, with a length of 360km. It has always been a focus of concern to many geoscientists because of its complexity and importance. But, for a long period of time, there exists biggish indetermination in the accurate position and active ages of the fault F5 in Suqian section of Tanlu fault zone. Seismic reflection exploration is the main technique in present urban active faults detecting. In order to investigate the spatial distribution, characteristics and activities of the fault F5 in covered terrains, we carried out a systematic survey to the fault with shallow seismic prospecting method and obtained the accurate position and development characteristics of the fault. The results show that the fault F5 continues to develop toward south rather than ending at the Huancheng South Road of Suqian City. F5 is mainly composed of two main faults, which dip in opposite directions and almost vertically. Near the Sankeshu town, F5 is composed of three faults with right-stepping, forming a small pull-apart basin with length of 6km, width of 2.5km, controlling the deposition of Neogene and Quaternary strata. By combining the results of composite drilling section and trenching, we make a conclusion that the western branch of fault F5 is a Holocene active fault, and the eastern branch is a Pleistocene active fault. Our general view is that fault F5 is a Holocene active fault. 相似文献
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基于不同类型活断层产生的地震地表破裂带宽度和跨断层探槽地质剖面的地层强变形带宽度等观测事实 ,结合地面建筑设施毁坏带与活断层密切的空间位置关系 ,采用统计分析方法 ,确定了活断层“避让带”宽度为 30m。各活断层更为准确的避让带宽度可通过分析跨断层探槽地质剖面上地层的变形特征加以验证或修订 ;活断层斜列阶区、平行次级断层围限区、走向弯曲区等特殊地域的避让带宽度为这些地域宽度与两外侧各 15m之和。建议有关部门进行活断层“避让带”立法与执法管理 ,并加强活断层鉴定及其地表活动线几何结构形态的准确定位工作 ,积极而有效地减轻地震灾害 相似文献
14.
Study on coupling between deep and shallow structures of Xingtai area and some significant questions
IntroductionIn order to gain a clear idea of the deep tectonic environment of Xingtai earthquake area,three wide-angle deep seismic renectionlrefraction profiles have been conducted through the are4they are Yuanshi--Ji'nan profile, Renxian--Wuqing profile and Tat' an--LongyaM inzhou profi I e.The Yuanshi--Ji'nan profile passes through the epicenter of the Ms=7.2 main shock andTat' ~ongyaO--X inzhou profi ie passes through the ep icenter of the Ms=6. 8 earthquake. Duringthe "Eighth Five-… 相似文献
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白龙江流域构造位置特殊,新构造活动极为强烈,而针对本区隐伏活断层勘查的研究较少。高密度电法灵活高效、便于实施,非常适合地形复杂的白龙江流域,但在复杂地质环境下存在着严重的多解性问题。基于大量地球物理数据对该流域隐伏活断层的电性异常特征进行研究,并按照电性异常发生位置及特点将隐伏活断层的电性特征分为五类,可作为断层识别依据的有四类,主要表现为"高(低)阻背景、低(高)阻条带"的电性特征;电性异常难以识别的原因主要由"野外布设"与"地质背景"两类情况造成,每类中又包含多种影响因素。文章的研究成果显示,白龙江流域隐伏活断层的电性异常响应有迹可循,部分可以作为定性或定量描述隐伏活断层的依据,从而为高密度电法在本区隐伏活断层的勘查中提供重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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大凌河隐伏断裂的确定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大凌河隐伏断裂存在与否一直是一个没有解决的问题,随着经济建设的不断发展,迫切要求对这个问题有一个明确的回答。本文采用地球物理探测方法,并结合跨大凌河的钻孔剖面,认定在大凌河床底部存在有隐伏断裂。 相似文献
17.
STUDY ON THE LATEST ACTIVITY OF WUYUNSHAN-HEFEI FAULT IN HEFEI BASIN,THE WESTERN BRANCH OF THE TANLU FAULT ZONE 下载免费PDF全文
ZHENG Ying-ping YANG Xiao-ping SHU Peng LU Shuo FANG Liang-hao SHI Jin-hu HUANG Xiong-nan LIU Chun-ru 《地震地质》1979,42(1):50-64
Tanlu fault zone is the largest strike-slip fault system in eastern China. Since it was discovered by aeromagnetics in 1960s, it has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad, and a lot of research has been done on its formation and evolution. At the same time, the Tanlu fault zone is also the main seismic structural zone in China, with an obvious characteristic of segmentation of seismicity. Major earthquakes are mostly concentrated in the Bohai section and Weifang-Jiashan section. For example, the largest earthquake occurring in the Bohai section is M7.4 earthquake, and the largest earthquake occurring in the Weifang-Jiashan section is M8.5 earthquake. Therefore, the research on the active structure of the Tanlu fault zone is mainly concentrated in these two sections. With the deepening of research, some scholars carried out a lot of research on the middle section of Tanlu fault zone, which is distributed in Shandong and northern Jiangsu Province, including five nearly parallel fault systems, i.e. Changyi-Dadian Fault(F1), Baifenzi-Fulaishan Fault(F2), Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F3), Tangwu-Gegou Fault(F4) and Anqiu-Juxian Fault(F5). They find that the faults F3 and F5 are still active since the late Quaternary. In recent years, we have got a further understanding of the geometric distribution, active age and active nature of Fault F5, and found that it is still active in Holocene. At the same time, the latest research on the extension of F5 into Anhui suggests that there is a late Pleistocene-Holocene fault existing near the Huaihe River in Anhui Province.
The Tanlu fault zone extends into Anhui Province and the extension section is completely buried, especially in the Hefei Basin south of Dingyuan. At present, there is little research on the activity of this fault segment, and it is very difficult to study its geometric structure and active nature, and even whether the fault exists has not been clear. Precisely determining the distribution, active properties and the latest active time of the hidden faults under urban areas is of great significance not only for studying the rupture behavior and segmentation characteristics of the southern section of the Tanlu fault zone, but also for providing important basis for urban seismic fortification. By using the method of shallow seismic prospecting and the combined drilling geological section, this paper carries out a detailed exploration and research on the Wuyunshan-Hefei Fault, the west branch fault of Tanlu fault zone buried in Hefei Basin. Four shallow seismic prospecting lines and two rows of joint borehole profiles are laid across the fault in Hefei urban area from north to south. Using 14C, OSL and ESR dating methods, ages of 34 samples of borehole stratigraphic profiles are obtained. The results show that the youngest stratum dislocated by the Wuyunshan-Hefei Fault is the Mesopleistocene blue-gray clay layer, and its activity is characterized by reverse faulting, with a maximum vertical offset of 2.4m. The latest active age is late Mesopleistocene, and the depth of the shallowest upper breaking point is 17m. This study confirms that the west branch of Tanlu fault zone cuts through Hefei Basin and is still active since Quaternary. Its latest activity age in Hefei Basin is late of Middle Pleistocene, and the latest activity is characterized by thrusting. The research results enrich the understanding of the overall activity of Tanlu fault zone in the buried section of Hefei Basin and provide reliable basic data for earthquake monitoring, prediction and earthquake damage prevention in Anhui Province. 相似文献
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The temporal variability of 210Po and 210Pb was examined in the overlying water of the Zhubi Coral Reef flat to detect nutrient-like behavior of 210Po. Different mechanisms influencing their geochemical behaviors were observed. Excess 210Po relative to 210Pb revealed an additional input of 210Po other than in situ production from 210Pb. The 210Po input comes from the reef flat sediment through diffusion. The diffusion contributes 62% of the total 210Po. This diffusion of 210Po directly highlights its nutrient-like behavior. No input, but the slight removal, of 210Pb was observed. Fractionation factors indicate that particulate matter prefers to adsorb 210Po rather than 210Pb. In combination with particulate composition, 210Po diffusion was closely related to organic matter. These results reveal that 210Po might be a potential tracer for quantifying nutrient recycling in the Coral Reef system. 相似文献
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通过实例说明了断层气测量方法在工程地震工作中查找隐伏断裂并进而判断已查出隐伏断裂的现今活动性上简便可行。同时介绍了用“集气瓶”从土壤中采取H_2样品的方法。 相似文献
20.
Fang Shengming 《中国地震研究》2007,21(3):236-244
This paper introduces briefly the basic principles of various seismic prospecting techniques and working methods according to nationwide practices of seismic prospecting of active faults beneath big cities in recent years.Furthermore,it analyzes the application range of different seismic prospecting methods,main achievements and solved problems,and discusses the best combination of seismic exploration methods for detecting crustal structures and locating the faults used in the present stage,that is,to trace faults which are at depths of hundred of meters underground using shallow seismic investigation,to detect the faults which are above basement(at a depth of kilometers) using high resolution refraction sounding,and the deep crustal faults using combined seismic prospecting methods of reflection seismic sounding and wide-angle reflection/refraction sounding,and furthermore,to use the 3-D deep seismic sounding method to obtain 3-D velocity structures beneath urban areas.Thus,we can get information about fault attitude and distribution at different depths and a complete image of faults from their shallow part to deep part using the combined seismic exploration method.Some application examples are presented in the article. 相似文献