强化开展地壳内部第二深度空间金属矿产资源地球物理找矿、勘探和开发

中国正处在快速工业化和经济腾飞的前夜,必须有大量各类金属矿产资源的支撑,当今国内却供给不足,供需矛盾日益尖锐,导致了对外依存度的不断增长.本文从这一前提和解决的途径出发,分析了金属矿产资源形成与聚集的深层过程和动力学响应、地壳深处金属矿产资源探查的科学依据与例证、地球物理方法和技术支撑.据此提出:①当今国家所公布的资源量系指第一深度空间(0～500m)找矿、勘探和开发的资源量,尚不能完全表征全国金属矿产资源量的全部;②实施第二深度空间(500～2000m)金属矿产资源的找矿、勘探和开发已迫不及待;③在深部金属矿产资源的探查和开发中,必须依靠新的认识和新的理念,采用先进的、高精度的地球物理探测方法和技术,并建立起有自主特色的深部矿产资源探查理论、方法和技术体系.     

金属矿地震勘探方法技术研究进展

地震勘探技术具有穿透深度大、分辨率高等特点,是实现我国深地矿产资源探查目标的必备地球物理技术手段。相对于非震地球物理勘探方法,地震勘探方法对构造成像直观、清楚,可以为查明岩浆运移通道、寻找有利成矿空间提供有力指导,同时还能勘探深部的隐伏矿体,寻找成矿母岩,为开发和利用深部矿产资源提供有力的技术支撑。本文分别综述了主动源和被动源金属矿地震勘探方法技术的研究进展,并指出主被动源联合勘探方法的技术优势和研究进展。主被动源数据融合的多震源联合地震勘探方法技术、基于散射理论的地震数据处理和解释方法技术、高精度信噪分离技术和基于人工智能的金属矿地震勘探方法技术等是解决深部金属矿产资源高精度高分辨率探测问题十分重要和有潜力的方法技术。     

第二深度空间金属矿产探查与东北战略后备基地的建立和可持续发展

我国正处于快速工业化和经济腾飞的前夜,对金属矿产资源的需求必将日益增大,而第一深度空间（0~500 m）找矿、勘探和开发的资源量远远不足,且十分紧缺。为此,在多元利用世界资源的同时,必须立足本土,迅速强化进行第二深度空间(500~2 000 m)高精度地球物理找矿、勘探与开发,并从速在我国东北地区建立起金属矿产资源安全、可靠、稳定供给的战略后备基地,以保证我国社会与经济的可持续发展。这是因为金属矿产资源的形成与聚集取决于深部物质与能量的交换和其深层物理-力学-化学作用过程与其动力学响应。 为此,本文将讨论以下6个问题： （1）当今世界上各国对金属矿产资源的需求势态。 （2）我国在快速工业化和腾飞前夜对金属矿产资源的需求与对外依存度。 （3）我国必需金属矿产资源的保障途径之一,世界资源的多元化利用。 （4）中国在共享世界资源的同时,必须立足于本土。 （5）我国东北多金属矿产资源的深入找矿、勘探、开发和利用与我国东北地域金属矿产资源战略后备基地的建设。 （6）必须迅速强化开展地壳内部第二深度空间金属矿产资源的地球物理找矿、勘探与开发。     

金属矿地震勘探现状

<正>近年来,随着国民经济的快速发展,工业生产对矿产资源的需求也不断的增加。与此同时,随着近些年来金属矿的勘探和开发的迅猛发展,第一深度空间(小于500米)的矿产资源绝大部分已经探明,金属矿勘探进入了第二深度空间(500-2000米)的探测与开采。对于存在于第二深度空间的矿体由于埋藏较深、受热液侵入及构造破碎的影响,矿体与周围之间的电性和磁性参数引起的地球物理异常变得相对更弱,这使得反演多解性问题变得更加突出,同时随着深度的增加勘探的分辨率急剧下降。     

新疆杰奥勘查技术有限责任公司公司简介

新疆杰奥勘查技术有限责任公司成立于2002年,是一个以固体矿产资源勘查与开发为主的综合性企业,在固体矿产综合地球物理勘查技术、油气非地震勘查技术、地学数据库以及地质资料综合研究等方面具有较强的实力．被认定为自治区高新技术企业。公司坚持以人为本的发展方针,现有各类中高级工程技术人员26人,其中博士1人、硕士2人、     

祝《新疆地质》越办越好

新疆维吾尔自治区地域辽阔,矿产资源丰富。在中国共产党的正确领导下,新疆地质工作人员几十年来翻雪山、爬峻岭,渡流沙,越戈壁,克服一切艰难困苦,完成了大量的区调、普查、勘探和科     

"十五"攻关《新疆优势矿产资源勘查评价研究》课题开始实施

由新疆资源环境中心、中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所、中国科学院资源环境与技术局、中国核工业集团公司地质局、新疆维吾尔自治区地质调查院、新疆有色地质勘查院承担的“十五”国家科技攻关计划项目《大型紧缺金属矿产资源基地勘查高效开发技术研究》的第七课题《新疆优势矿产资源勘查评价研究》已开始实施.课题实行滚动实施,2004-2005年根据攻关成果安排滚动.资助经费:国家拨款600万元（3年）;联合实施部门     

小热泉子铜矿区地震方法试验研究

地震方法在能源勘探中是一种不可替代的勘查方法,由于金属矿区地质构造的复杂性,金属矿勘查中的地震方法技术还处于试验应用研究阶段.由于地震方法自身的特点,该方法的多解性和分辨地下目标物的精度优于其他地面物探方法,但因金属矿区的地质构造十分复杂,且所研究的地层难以满足油气地震勘探所要求的层状介质,因此常规的地震方法技术在金属矿地区的应用受到了限制.根据金属矿地震资料的特点和拟解决的地质问题,研究一种适合金属矿区开展地震勘查的方法技术是十分需要的.文章结合在新疆小热泉子铜矿区地震方法的试验研究结果,讨论了地震方法技术在金属矿勘查中的作用和效果.     

印度第七个五年计划(1985～1990)的地质矿产工作

印度矿产资源和能源资源比较丰富。印度政府不仅认识到国民经济的发展规划必须有与之相适应的矿产资源和能源的勘探开发计划作保证,而且必须有相应的矿产资源勘探开发的政策,促进其迅速发展。印度从1951～1985年主要矿产品产量及储量有明显的增长(表1表2)。     

新疆杰奥勘查技术有限责任公司公司简介

新疆杰奥勘查技术有限责任公司成立于2002年,是一个以固体矿产资源勘查与开发为主的综合性企业,在固体矿产综合地球物理勘查技术、油气非地震勘查技术、地学数据库以及地质资料综合研究等方面具有较强的实力,被认定为自治区高新技术企业。公司坚持以人为本的发展方针,现有各类中高级工程技术人员26人,其中博士1人、硕士2人、高级工程师10人,构成了具有勘查项目管理和勘查技术应用与研究的专业技术队伍。     

Shape and amount of the Quaternary uplift of the western Rhenish shield and the Ardennes (western Europe)

A good evaluation of the Quaternary uplift of the Rhenish shield is a key element for the understanding of the Cenozoic geodynamics of the western European platform in front of the alpine arc. Previous maps of the massif uplift relied on fluvial incision data since the time of the rivers' Younger Main Terrace to infer a maximum post-0.73 Ma uplift of ~ 290 m in the SE Eifel. Here, we propose a new interpretation of the incision data of the intra-massif streams, where anomalies in the terrace profiles would result from knickpoint retreat in the tributaries of the main rivers rather than from tectonic deformation. We also use additional geomorphological data referring to (1) deformed Tertiary planation surfaces, (2) the history of stream piracy that severely affected the Meuse basin in the last 1 Ma, and (3) incision data outside the Rhenish shield. A new map of the post-0.73 Ma uplift of the Rhenish shield is drawn on the basis of this enlarged dataset. It reduces the maximum amount of tectonic uplift in the SE Eifel to ~ 140 m and modifies the general shape of the uplift, namely straightening its E–W profile. It is also suggested that an uplift wave migrated across the massif, starting from its southern margin in the early Pleistocene and currently showing the highest intensity of uplift in the northern Ardennes and Eifel. These features seem to favour an uplift mechanism chiefly related to lithospheric folding and minimize the impact on the topography of a more local Eifel plume.     

黄陵穹隆东、西两翼上三叠统的精细对比

报道了采自于鄂西巴东县上三叠统沙镇溪组新层型剖面3种楔羽叶植物化石，即Sphenozamites marioni Counillon，Sph．fenshuilingensis Meng和Sph．cf．changi Sze。在分析秭归盆地上／中三叠系接触界面特征和化石组合带的基础上，指出盆地西缘上三叠统与下伏中三叠统为连续沉积，而东缘则呈假整合接触。依据黄陵穹隆东、西翼上三叠统的岩性特征、动植物化石和与下伏地层的接触关系，提出荆门—当阳盆地上三叠统王龙滩组和九里岗组可分别与秭归盆地沙镇溪组上部和中下部进行精细对比。     

An evolutionary model of the western churchill province and western margin of the superior province in Canada and the North-Central United States

Regional-scale geophysical information, which includes aeromagnetic, gravity, seismic refraction, multi-channel seismic reflection and electromagnetic induction data, is used to extend our knowledge of the Canadian Shield beneath the Phanerozoic Williston basin of south-central Canada and the north-central United States. A new tectonic map based on this information shows the Proterozoic Flin Flon-Snow Lake and La Ronge-Lynn Lake volcanic island arcs and their associated fore-arc (Kisseynew belt) and back-arc (Reindeer-South Indian Lakes belt) basins wedged between the Archean Superior craton on the east and the Archean parts of the Churchill and Wyoming cratons on the west. Along the western margin of the Superior craton the Thompson nickel belt, including its extension southwards beneath the Williston basin, is interpreted to have been successively the site of continental rifting and rupturing, an evolving continental margin, a continent-volcanic island arc “suture” zone and eventually a continental-scale strike-slip fault. The North American Central Plains electrical conductivity anomaly and closely related seismic low-velocity zones are explained by the presence in the lower crust of buried slices of hydrated oceanic-type material, situated within the southward extension of the Reindeer-South Indian Lakes remnant back-arc basin and adjoining tectonic units. A new plate tectonic model is proposed for this region that involves the rifting and rupturing of the Archean continents and the opening and closing of one or more oceanic basins. This model is shown to be consistent with most of the geological, geophysical and geochronological data that pertains to the Proterozoic evolution of the exposed Shield and similar geophysical data and subsurface geochronological information from further south.     

Comparative geochemistry of granitoids and metamorphic country rocks in the western Angara-Vitim batholith, western Baikal area

This paper presents materials of granitoids from the western Angara-Vitim batholith and the country gneisses and migmatites of the Talanchan Metamorphic Complex. The granitoids of the older intrusive phases of the Barguzin Complex are characterized by high dispersions in the contents of most trace element. The similarities in their trace-element signatures to those of metavolcanics of the Talanchan Group indicate that the latter could have served as a source of the granitoid melts. The increase in the K, Rb, Sn, Be, and REE contents from granitoids of the older phase of the Barguzin Complex to the main phase of this complex and further to the granites of the Zazin Complex is a result of melt fractionation which simultaneously became more uniform and acquired Eu minima. The group of calc-alkaline diorites is identical in composition to the metavolcanics and probably complements the latter. Metagabbro of normal alkalinity and synplutonic subalkali gabbro of the Oshurkov type are distinguished by composition and the relationships with the country gneisses and granitoids.     

川西龙泉山西坡更新世泥石流的发现及其意义

在川西地区龙泉山西坡首次发现了第四纪泥石流沉积。泥石流沉积相组合为AA1B、AA1C、AA1,反映泥石流为洪积扇扇中沉积组合,具有粘性泥石流的沉积特征。ESR测年及孢粉化石组合特征表明泥石流沉积于早-中更新世温暖湿润的气候环境下。龙泉山泥石流的形成反映了龙泉山早-中更新世之交的构造隆升,以及四川盆地盆地期夷平面的解体,是对早-中更新世之交青藏高原的隆起、季风的加强、暴雨式降水出现的沉积响应,对于研究四川盆地西部及青藏高原东缘第四纪构造运动及古气候特征具有重要的意义。     

Geochemistry and tectonic significance of the Gongzhu peridotites in the northern branch of the western Yarlung Zangbo ophiolitic belt,western Tibet

Mineralogy and Petrology - The Gongzhu ophiolite is situated in the northern branch of the western Yarlung Zangbo ophiolitic belt. This massif consists of a strongly dismembered ophiolitic sequence...     

Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex

The mafic layered rocks of the Bushveld Complex are 6–8 km thick and crop out over an area of 65,000 km². Previous interpretations of the Bouguer gravity anomalies suggested that the intrusion consisted of two totally separate bodies. However, the mafic sequences in these arcuate western and eastern limbs are remarkably similar, with at least six petrologically distinctive layers and sequences being recognisable in both limbs. Such similarity of sequences in two totally discrete bodies 200–300 km apart is petrologically implausible, and it is suggested that they formed within a single lopolithic intrusion.

All previous Bouguer gravity models failed to consider the isostatic response of the crust to emplacement of this huge mass of mafic magma. Isostatic adjustment as a result of this intrusion would have caused the base of the crust to be depressed by as much as 6 km. With this revised whole crustal model, it becomes possible to construct a gravity model, consistent with observed data, which includes a 6 km-thick sequence of mafic rocks connecting the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex. The exact depth at which the mafic rocks of the Bushveld Complex lie in the centre of the structure cannot be constrained by the gravity data.

Such a first-order model is an approximation, because there have been subsequent deformation and structural readjustments in the crust, some of them probably related to the emplacement of the Bushveld Complex. Specifically, the observed geometry of the rocks around the Crocodile River, Dennilton, Marble Hall and Malope Domes suggests that major upwarping of the crust occurred on a variety of scales, triggered by emplacement of the Bushveld Complex.     

HP metamorphic belt of the western Alps

The understanding of the subduction-related processes benefited by the studies of the high-pressure (HP) meta-morphic rocks from the western Alps. The most stimu-lating information was obtained from the inner part of the western Alpine belt, where most tectonic units show an early Alpine eclogite-facies recrystallisation. This is especially true for the Austroalpine Sesia Zone and the Penninic Dora-Maira massif. From the Sesia zone,which consists of a wide spectrum of continental crust lithologies recrystallised to quartz-eclogite-facies min-eral assemblages, the first finding of a jadeite-bearingmeta-granitoid has been described, supporting evidencethat even continental crust may subduct into the mantle.From the Dora-Maira massif the first occurrence of regional metamorphic coesite has been reported, open-ing the new fertile field of the ultrahigh-pressure meta-morphism (UHPM), which is now becoming the rule in the collisional orogenic belts.     

江南造山带西段新元古代构造演化——来自湘西怀化辉绿岩中辉石、黑云母成分的启示

关于江南造山带的新元古代构造演化背景素有地幔柱—裂谷模型、岛弧模型及板块—裂谷模型之争,其争论的焦点在于扬子与华夏板块碰撞的具体时间,以及聚合后裂解的动力学环境。笔者等选取江南造山带西段湘西怀化地区～788 Ma辉绿岩中的单斜辉石和黑云母为研究对象,采用电子探针和激光剥蚀—等离子体质谱仪对其化学成分进行了精确测定,以期进一步约束该地区的成岩构造背景。怀化辉绿岩中的单斜辉石可分为普通辉石和透辉石两种,根据单斜辉石的n(Ca)/n(Al)值(3.48～7.15)和高w(Ti)/w(Eu)值(>1500)的特征,笔者等判断江南造山带西段的新元古代地幔可能遭受了硅酸盐熔体和俯冲流体的多重交代作用。单斜辉石温压计的估算结果表明,普通辉石的结晶温度为1080～1112℃,结晶压力0.3～0.6 GPa,对应的深度为9.1～20.8 km;而透辉石的结晶温度为1237～1274℃,结晶压力1.0～1.32 GPa,对应的深度为31.8～42.6 km。综合单斜辉石和黑云母的微量元素特征(单斜辉石的Al、Ti、Ca、Na等元素和黑云母的Mg、Fe等元素)、岩浆系列和构造环境判别图解,表明该区的亚...