基于FME的OpenStreetMap数据分析提取

要素操纵引擎(Feature Manipulate Engine,FME)平台是数据信息转换工具,以研究FME语义映射文件的组成和执行过程为基础,通过修改FME语义映射的方法,对OSM标签信息提取转换到MySQL数据库的过程进行了研究,实现OSM数据标签信息的快速、高效的提取转换。根据OSM的数据结构特征,设计数据库结构,在转换结果中充分体现出OSM数据键值对标签信息的特征。研究结果表明,MySQL数据库格式存储OSM属性数据信息,推动了语义特征分析的发展。     

基于OpenStreetMap数据的城市街区提取与精度评价

针对城市街区地理数据获取困难,OpenStreetMap数据免费共享、易于获取但数据繁杂难以处理的问题,利用数学形态学膨胀和腐蚀思想以及地理数据质量的评价方法,对基于OpenStreetMap数据的城市街区提取方法和精度进行了探讨;并以南京市建邺区为例,通过选取道路类别、道路处理、拓扑检查等步骤完成街区的提取;最后从街区数据完整性、位置精度、街区尺度和形状4个方面进行了精度评价。结果表明,提取的街区结果精确,数据处理便捷高效,可为OpenStreetMap数据处理提供借鉴,为城市地理研究提供一种快捷有效的基础数据。     

OpenStreetMap数据下的空间数据更新方法

针对利用专业测绘数据对空间数据库更新中存在的现势性问题,提出了利用OpenStreetMaps数据对空间数据库进行更新的方法。阐述了基于OpenStreetMap数据的空间数据更新方法的关键理论与技术,特别是OpenStreetMap数据与专业测绘数据的变化要素检测算法:基于格网的匹配检测算法和基于几何量算的变化要素检测。在此基础上,利用珠海市的专业测绘数据与相应区域的OpenStreetMap数据作为试验数据,编程实现了基于OpenStreetMap的空间数据更新。     

OpenStreetMap路网数据的几何精度评价

针对目前关于OSM数据质量的研究现状,本文以美国地质勘查局数据为参考数据,根据OSM路网数据与参考数据的特点,完成OSM路网数据的转换及其与参考数据的匹配。同时依据匹配结果,给出OSM路网的距离、角度这两种几何精度的评价结果,并通过计算机编程,将最终的评价结果可视化,开发实现了众源数据质量评价原型系统。     

OpenStreetMap志愿者贡献与留存分析

OpenStreetMap(以下简称OSM)作为全球最大的开放地理信息数据项目,在科学发现、工程应用、公众服务等方面的广泛应用,使其成为全球重要的地理信息数据库,其数据质量、项目可持续性和长期稳定性是非常重要的.目前,针对OSM的研究大多集中于数据质量层面,难以从发展的视角分析其项目本身.鉴于OSM拥有超过500万志愿...     

城市空间信息规则网格与不规则网格的数据转换

对从不规则网格向规则网格进行社会经济信息转换的方法进行了比较和研究，并采用蒙特卡罗和GIS相结合的方法，以人口数据为例，利用土地利用分类信息将以行政区为基础采集的人口数据转换到规则网格中。实验证明，转换后的人口分布数据较好地体现了人口在空间的分布情况，并可根据不同的需要，聚合成不同大小的网格，能较好地满足城市微观建模和宏观社会经济信息统计分析的需要。     

基于出租车轨迹数据的空间关联规则挖掘

出租车作为城市公共交通的重要组成部分,对于人们的日常活动有着重要的作用。而出租车的运营产生了大量的轨迹数据,通过对轨迹数据的挖掘可以反映城市居民的人口流动状况及出租车的运营规律。空间关联规则挖掘作为数据挖掘的重要组成部分,通过对轨迹数据进行关联规则的挖掘可以得到其隐含的规律信息,从而改进出租车运营模式。而OpenStreetMap是众源地理数据中极具代表性的项目,其数据量丰富、现势性强、成本低廉,被广泛关注。以深圳市出租车轨迹数据及OpenStreetMap矢量地图数据为基本数据,基于出租车上(下)车点进行关联规则挖掘,进而得到深圳人口流动特征,从而为人口活动分析及基于位置的服务提供参考。     

OpenStreetMap辅助下的高分辨率光学影像道路损毁提取

提出了一种以高分辨率遥感影像和OpenStreetMap道路矢量数据作为数据源的道路损毁提取方法。在OpenStreetMap道路矢量数据的辅助下,利用道路在高分辨率影像上的特征,结合学习-检测的方法对损毁区域进行检测,提取疑似损毁路段,基于道路信息对损毁路段进行验证,剔除虚警。实验表明,该方法能够快速、准确地对道路损毁信息进行提取。     

利用OpenStreetMap数据进行高空间分辨率遥感影像分类

针对高分辨率遥感影像分类样本标注困难的问题,提出了一种利用OpenStreetMap （OSM）数据自动获取标注样本的方法。与现有的利用OSM数据进行分类的方法不同,该方法加入了空间特征以弥补单独使用光谱特征分类的不足。首先,基于OSM数据提供的地物类别和位置信息进行样本标注,为了降低OSM数据中少量错误信息对分类结果的影响,采用聚类分析的方法对样本进行提纯;其次,使用形态学轮廓来提取影像的结构特征,挖掘高分辨率遥感影像丰富的空间信息,与光谱特征相叠加并输入分类器进行分类。试验证明,本文提出的方法能够有效避免人工样本标注所需要的人力物力;同时,联合影像的光谱空间特征能够更好地描述地物特性,得到较高的分类精度。     

基于规则库的目视航图自动化制图

本文提出了一种基于规则库的目视航图自动化制图技术,详细阐述了基于规则的要素自动综合取舍、自动符号化、注记自动配置的实现方法.基于GIS COM组件开发了一个目视航图制图原型系统,通过对规则库中各种规则的配置、管理和调用,可方便快捷地制作出目视航图产品.     

Analyzing the effect of earthquakes on OpenStreetMap contribution patterns and tweeting activities

ABSTRACT

Natural disasters, such as wildfires, earthquakes, landslides, or floods, lead to an increase in topical information shared on social media and in increased mapping activities in volunteered geographic information (VGI) platforms. Using earthquakes in Nepal and Central Italy as case studies, this research analyzes the effects of natural disasters on short-term (weeks) and longer-term (half year) changes in OpenStreetMap (OSM) mapping behavior and tweet activities in the affected regions. An increase of activities in OSM during the events can be partially attributed to those focused OSM mapping campaigns, for example, through the Humanitarian OSM Team (HOT). Using source tags in OSM change-sets, it was found that only a small portion of external mappers actually travels to the affected regions, whereas the majority of external mappers relies on desktop mapping instead. Furthermore, the study analyzes the spatio-temporal sequence of posted tweets together with keyword filters to identify a subset of users who most likely traveled to the affected regions for support and rescue operations. It also explores where, geographically, earthquake information spreads within social networks.     

Testing the Usability of OpenStreetMap's iD Tool

The objective of this study is to investigate the usability of the iD editor of OpenStreetMap (OSM). To this end a usability test with 18 participants has been conducted. The participants were given mapping tasks to complete using iD and observed with the thinking aloud method as well as screen recording and mouse/keyboard logging. Additionally, the test persons were interviewed after each test. The data gathered were analysed with regard to key usability criteria such as learnability, efficiency, error tolerance, and subjective user satisfaction. The outcome of this study is the identification of usability issues from which possible improvements of the tool have been derived. The study shows that iD is an overall usable tool for novice users, but still shows opportunities for improvement especially in terms of learnability and error handling.     

Quality assessment of OpenStreetMap data using trajectory mining

OpenStreetMap (OSM) data are widely used but their reliability is still variable. Many contributors to OSM have not been trained in geography or surveying and consequently their contributions, including geometry and attribute data inserts, deletions, and updates, can be inaccurate, incomplete, inconsistent, or vague. There are some mechanisms and applications dedicated to discovering bugs and errors in OSM data. Such systems can remove errors through user-checks and applying predefined rules but they need an extra control process to check the real-world validity of suspected errors and bugs. This paper focuses on finding bugs and errors based on patterns and rules extracted from the tracking data of users. The underlying idea is that certain characteristics of user trajectories are directly linked to the type of feature. Using such rules, some sets of potential bugs and errors can be identified and stored for further investigations.     

基于Bursa加权模型的格网坐标转换

2000国家大地坐标系(CGCS2000)在我国启用将使得许多测绘成果的坐标面临转换,需要研究具有较高精度的坐标转换方法。由于我国天文大地网存在较大的局部系统差和累积误差,采用Bursa模型完成向高精度地心坐标系的转换时往往还剩余较大的残差。为了提高转换精度,这里提出了一种方法,通过将转换区域划分为小的格网单元,然后利用Bursa模型、加权平均模型计算得到每个格网节点的坐标转换改正量;最后再通过格网内插得到其中任意位置的坐标转换改正量,从而完成坐标转换。该方法保证了局部的细致拟合和整体上的连续。试验结果表明,该方法可使天文大地网的局部系统差和累积误差得到有效地控制,避免了转换后较大残差的出现。     

开放式街道地图在城市发展水平分析中的应用

针对城市路网的发展状况,能在一定程度上体现城市发展的水平,但传统路网数据难获取的问题,该文采用了易获取、成本低、更新快等优点的OpenStreetMap路网数据为主要研究对象,利用多元线性回归的分析方法,重点研究OSM路网与城市经济发展水平(城市GDP)间的相关关系。通过实验验证,OSM路网密度与城市经济发展水平之间存在着明显的相关关系,利用OSM路网密度对城市经济发展水平进行分析,具有一定的可行性,能够为日后城市经济水平评估与评价提供了一种新的辅助评价指标。     

A geovisual analytics exploration of the OpenStreetMap crowd

It is sometimes easy to forget that massive crowdsourced data products such as Wikipedia and OpenStreetMap (OSM) are the sum of individual human efforts stemming from a variety of personal and institutional interests. We present a geovisual analytics tool called Crowd Lens for OpenStreetMap designed to help professional users of OSM make sense of the characteristics of the “crowd” that constructed OSM in specific places. The tool uses small multiple maps to visualize each contributor’s piece of the crowdsourced whole, and links OSM features with the free-form commit messages supplied by their contributors. Crowd Lens allows sorting and filtering contributors by characteristics such as number of contributions, most common language used, and OSM attribute tags applied. We describe the development and evaluation of Crowd Lens, showing how a multiple-stage user-centered design process (including testing by geospatial technology professionals) helped shape the tool’s interface and capabilities. We also present a case study using Crowd Lens to examine cities in six continents. Our findings should assist institutions deliberating OSM’s fitness for use for different applications. Crowd Lens is also potentially informative for researchers studying Internet participation divides and ways that crowdsourced products can be better comprehended with visual analytics methods.     

基于非线性平差模型的坐标转换公式

用线性近似法以及非线性参数估计法讨论了直角坐标系七参数转换模型，指出改进的Gauss-Newton方法具有理论严密、计算简洁、易于编程、精度较高等持点。对于处理类似坐标转换的非线性模型具有重要的理论和实践意义。