铜陵市防震减灾计算机信息管理系统的技术实现

介绍了基于GIS的铜陵市防震减灾计算机信息管理系统，着重介绍了系统研制和开发过程中编程的关键技术及运用实现。     

生态地质环境评价方法探讨

近几年在经济高速发展和矿山资源过度开发情况下,生态环境日趋恶化,制约了石家庄市经济可持续发展。为了全面了解石家庄市区存在的生态地质环境问题,掌握这类问题的发生、发展、变化规律及危害等,运用层次分析法对生态环境地质条件进行评价,进而提出防范和治理各类生态地质环境问题的措施和合理建议,为管理部门提供地质基础依据。通过实例表明该方法客观的反应了石家庄的生态地质环境实际情况,取得了较满意的效果。     

基于生态适宜性分析的湖泊保护与利用——以湖北斧头湖为例

为了湖泊生态系统健康及湖泊资源的可持续利用,需要根据湖泊的具体情况加强对湖泊生态系统的管理.建立在生态适宜性分析基础上的湖泊生态功能分区,可为科学合理地开发湖泊资源、协调湖泊生态系统结构与功能提供依据.以湖北省斧头湖为对象,在对斧头湖生态环境调查基础上,选取具有代表性的水质、生物及人为干扰因子;根据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)确定水质评价等级,采用专家论证法确定生物及人为干扰因子评价等级,建立起湖泊生态养殖适宜性评价等级体系;采用主成分分析法确定评价因子权重,并在GIS技术的支持下,采用因子叠加法,对斧头湖生态养殖适宜性进行综合评价.根据各区域生态养殖适宜性综合评价结果,同时考虑到湖泊生态环境和综合资源保护要求、斧头湖自然生态系统功能和生态渔业的可持续发展,可将斧头湖划分为极适宜区、高度适宜区、中度适宜区、轻度适宜区和较不适宜区;各适宜区面积分别占斧头湖总面积的12.04%、24.81%、49.65%、9.58%和3.92%.从湖泊生态系统保护及渔业的可持续利用角度看,极适宜区、高度适宜区适合开展生态养殖;中度适宜区和轻度适宜区要以生态恢复为主,可进行一定规模的放养养殖;较不适宜区应进行生态修复,不适宜进行各种开发活动.     

扎龙湿地生态系统需水量

对扎龙湿地生态系统需水量计算方法进行了研究,提出了适宜生态环境需水量和最小生态环境需水量计算方法; 对扎龙湿地湖泊水库、明水沼泽和芦苇沼泽面积上的生态环境需水量、扎龙湿地适宜生态环境需水量及最小生态环境需水量进行了计算和分析:1986-2002年扎龙自然保护区生态环境需水量的变化范围为5．22×108m3-5．92×108m3;扎龙湿地自然保护区的适宜生态环境需水量为5．55×108m3、保证率为75％的最小生态环境需水量为2．89×108m3,保证率为95％的最小生态环境需水量3．54×108m3．     

“熊猫老家”宝兴的生态资产

正所谓生态资产,简单来说就是生态系统里的各种资源。这里的资源不仅包括我们常见的林地、草地、河流等生态系统,也包括一些我们看不见摸不着的资源,比如森林释放氧气帮助调节气候,草地根系的"蓄水"功能帮助减少水土流失,它们都是生命生存不可缺少的资源。对人们的生活来说,不同家庭拥有的资产有"多少"之分;对于生态环境而言,因为拥有的资源有"优劣"之分,所以生态环境也是不尽相同的。     

典型矿业城市建筑物抗震安全性能调查与分析——以铜陵市为例

针对矿业城市长期矿产资源的开发,产生的一系列矿山地质环境问题,严重影响城市建筑物抗震性能的情况。以铜陵市为例,通过对铜陵市建筑物抗震性能开展全面普查,掌握建筑物抗震基本情况,研究了矿业城市滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、采空塌陷、岩溶塌陷等典型地质灾害对建筑物抗震性能的具体影响,提出加大棚户区改造、开展土地利用防灾适宜性评价、建立地质灾害监控体系等对策建议,对提高矿业城市抗震设防工作有实际意义。     

基于数据挖掘技术的防震减灾科普资源管理平台

鉴于防震减灾科普资料存在数据类型多、管理难度大,海量数据检索困难、利用率低,资料科学性难以保证等问题,设计了基于Hadoop架构的防震减灾科普资源管理平台架构,设定了防震减灾科普资源搜索指标,通过网络爬虫及人工输入等方式,对相关数据进行采集、清洗、转换及合并,实现不同类型数据资源的分类,为防震减灾科普资源的管理提供科学方法。     

煤矿兼并重组整合后资源与环境的变化

煤炭企业兼并重组整合可以提高煤炭产业的集中度,提高煤矿企业的单井规模和机械化水平,提高煤矿采区的资源利用率,对于提升煤矿安全管理水平,减轻环境破坏程度和提高环境保护力度都有积极的影响。煤矿兼并重组整合后,"绿色矿山"的建设可以大幅度减少对生态环境的影响和破坏。矿井开采方式的改变,可以促进煤炭资源的节约利用;地面生产工艺及环保措施的改进,可以促使地面扬尘得到完全治理;煤矿生产生活污水处理设施的增加,污水处理能力的增强,可以有效减少污水排放;煤矸石电厂、建材厂的建设,可以进一步增加对煤矸石治理力度;矿区绿化面积的增加可以降低粉尘改善空气质量;煤矿采空区塌陷治理有望求得实效;煤层气抽采和利用程度将进一步加强;且发展循环经济、产业结构的优化升级、"资源节约、环保理念"的深入人心,也将进一步促使资源开发与环境保护进入良性循环。     

新增五个国家城市湿地公园

<正>住建部近日发布《关于公布国家城市湿地公园的通知》,批准了包括广东惠州市大亚湾红树林城市湿地公园在内的五个公园为国家城市湿地公园,分别是:江苏省盐城市大洋湾城市湿地公园、安徽省铜陵市西湖城市湿地公园、广东省惠州市大亚湾红树林城市湿地公园、四川省成都市白鹭湾城市湿地公园、贵州省安顺市黄果树城市湿地公园。     

浙江省:探索矿产开发与环保协调发展的新路子

<正>浙江的矿产资源开发以非金属及普通建筑用石料矿为主,且基本为露天开采矿山。长期以来,这些矿山布局不合理、开采规模小、技术工艺落后、企业管理粗放,导致矿山生态环境问题突出。在2017全国地质环境管理工作会议上,浙江省国土资源厅副厅长张金根表示,从2005年开始,浙江省就认真贯彻落实习近平总书记在浙江提出的"绿水青山就是金山银山"的发展理念,持续深化矿产资源管理改革,探索出了一条矿产开发与环境保护协调发展的新路子。     

安徽省南陵县朱家冲铜矿成矿特征和找矿预测

本文介绍了朱家冲矿区地质背景和成矿地质、地球物理特征,根据现有地质物探资料,并与铜陵地区对比,对朱家冲地区成矿条件、赋矿层位、找矿空间及靶区进行了分析,预测朱家冲地区层控矽卡岩型铜矿找矿具有一定潜力。     

基于重磁场多尺度边缘检测的地质构造信息识别与提取——以铜陵矿集区为例

重磁场是地下地质体密度、磁性分别响应的综合,蕴涵着丰富的地质构造信息,如何将其有效地提取出来是正确认识地下结构的关键环节.本文在总结重磁场构造信息提取研究进展的基础上,将构造信息提取突破口归结为重磁场的边缘增强与检测.通过构建理论模型,对常用的边缘检测方法开展了对比试验,并以长江中下游成矿带中的铜陵矿集区为例,开展了实际资料的处理和研究.获得以下认识和结论:(1)多尺度边缘检测方法较其他方法更能准确提取模型边界,更适合于构造信息识别与提取;(2)在铜陵矿集区识别出18条断裂构造,确定了铜陵隆起的边界,断裂构造的走向主要为北东向,前人所谓"棋盘格式"断裂构造系统并不存在;(3)圈定了岩体的分布范围,在铜陵矿集区北缘,发现了2处隐伏岩体;(4)施家冲、戴家汇岩体周边是寻找矽卡岩型、斑岩型铜金矿的有利地段,铜陵隆起和繁昌火山岩盆地分界断裂两侧是寻找热液型铅锌矿和金矿的重要靶区.     

基于先验信息约束的重磁三维交互反演建模技术——以铜陵矿集区为例

三维地质建模是实现深部矿产勘查突破的重要途径,其通过控矿地质体的三维建模,直观刻画控矿要素之间的空间、成因和演化关系,帮助理解成矿系统,开展深部找矿预测.当前三维建模主要采用地质资料构建,在缺少钻孔等已知资料的情况下,难于构建出可靠的三维地质模型.为了克服常规三维地质建模方法可信度低、精度差的缺点,本文将重磁交互反演技术引入到三维地质建模中,提出了基于先验信息约束,通过二度半剖面交互反演、三维物性反演联合修正的三维地质模型方法.采用该方法建立了铜陵矿集区的三维地质模型,并开展了深部找矿预测,取得以下主要认识:1)基于先验信息约束的重磁交互反演建模技术能大幅提高三维地质模型的可信度,是实现地下地质体"透明化"的重要途径;2)铜陵地区重要控矿地层(C-P-T2)主要分布于向斜区和火山岩覆盖区,深部岩浆岩条件优越,深部找矿工作应从传统的背斜隆起区转向向斜区和火山岩覆盖区以及部分凹陷区,这将极大拓展铜陵地区找矿空间;3)铜陵地区传统的五大矿田的侵入岩均具有复合岩体特征,特别是与辉石闪长岩共生的矿产以铁铜矿为主,而与金矿密切相关的侵入岩则多为中酸性岩体,这一推断如果成立,将对铜陵地区找矿突破产生重大影响;4)铜陵地区的推覆构造十分发育,木镇凹陷区的早古生代基底和南陵盆地北西缘的戴公山背斜就是一套区域性推覆构造的产物,三维地质模型还揭示铜陵地区侵入岩具有深、中、浅三重结构,这为铜陵隆起的推覆成因提供了证据,也指示了在铜陵之外再寻找类似铜陵矿集区的良好前景.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of the intrusives in the Tongling metallogenic cluster and its dynamic setting

This paper selected five typical Mesozoic intrusives from the Tongling metallogenic cluster (Xiaotongguanshan, Fenghuangshan, Xinqiao, Dongguashan, and Shatanjiao plutons), and made a systemic SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating for the five plutons, which produced an age range of 151.8±2.6- 142.8±1.8 Ma. This work put an accurate constraint on the formation age of the intrusives in the Tongling metallogenic cluster. These age data indicate that magmatic activity reached a peak during Late Jurassic. The intrusive sequence of magma is generally from quartz monzonite (porphyry) through monzonite to granodiorite to quartz monzodiorite to pyroxene monzodiorite to gabbro-diabase. The intrusives of different lithology differed in crystallization age, probably implying the intrusives in the Tongling area underwent an evolutional process of magma, which was closely related to geodynamical setting in the depths of the area. A dynamic model was presented for the origin of the igneous rocks in the study area as follows. The assembly between the Yangtze craton and the North China craton fini- shed at the end of T3, and then the stage of another compressional orogeny began in the Tongling area, i.e., Pacific dynamic system. Along with the subduction of the Izanagi plate underneath the Eurasian plate at J2-J3, NW-trending compression toward the East China continent was produced, and compres- sional deformation also took place, forming NE-trending fold and resulting in thickening of the crust in the Tongling area. High-density eclogite-facies rocks were produced in the low part of the crust, re- sulting in the delamination of mantle lithosphere and lower crust, and upwelling of materials in as- thenosphere. Decompression melting produced basaltic magma, and the materials in lower crust were heated by the underplating of the basaltic magma. Thus, melting of lower crust yielded granitic magma, which intruded along deep and large faults through various geological processes (J3-K1). The SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of 151.8±2.6-142.8±1.8 Ma for intrusives in the Tongling area suggests that the de- lamination of lithosphere mantle and lower crust at least began at middle-late stage of Late Jurassic, resulting in sharp thinning of lithosphere and intense extension of middle-upper crust. Thus, a lot of decollements were produced between cover and cover, basement and cover, and middle and lower crust. This was structural layering or detachment of lithosphere in the Tongling area. Three concordant ages for old inherited cores of magmatic origin (747-823 Ma) indicated that there were obvious mag- matism in the Tongling area during Neoproterozoic, and a little more of the Neoproterozoic igneous source rocks participated in the formation of Mesozoic intrusives.     

TECTONIC INDICATIONS OF OCCURRENCE OF MODERATE-TO-STRONG EARTHQUAKES IN CHAOHU-TONGLING AREA,ANHUI PROVINCE

The Chaohu-Tongling area in Anhui Province is a typical moderate-to-strong earthquake active area in the mainland of China. Four earthquakes occurred in this area, displayed as a NNE-trending zonal distribution, including the 1585 M5(3/4) Chaoxian earthquake and the 1654 M5(1/4) Lujiang earthquake, which formed a striking moderate-to-strong seismic activity zone. Field survey, shallow geophysical prospecting, drilling data, collection and dating of chronology samples and comprehensive analysis of fault activity indicate that the Fanshan, Xiajialing and Langcun faults are not active since Quaternary. The NNE-trending Tongling Fault is a buried middle-Pleistocene fault, but it can produce moderate-to-strong earthquakes and control the evolution and development of three en echelon geologic structures. The intensity of the four earthquakes is characterized by southward progressive decrease, which is in accordance with the characteristics that the subsidence range of Wuwei Basin is obviously larger than that of Guichi Basin to its south since late Cenozoic. In terms of deep structure, the characteristics of spatial distribution of Tongling Fault indicate that it corresponds to a NNE-striking Bouguer gravity anomaly gradient belt. So there is a spatial correspondence between the middle-Pleistocene Tongling Fault, the en echelon structures, the differential movement of the neotectonics, the Bouguer gravity anomaly gradient belt and the moderate-to-strong seismic activity belt in the Chaohu-Tongling area, indicating that they should be the tectonic indications of occurrence for moderate-to-strong earthquakes.     

长春市石头口门水库颗粒物光谱吸收特性

针对东北地区水体,以长春市重要水源地石头口门水库为例,分别于2008年6月13日和9月23 日对该水库进行了水体颗牲物吸收特性研究.结果显示:2008年6月水库悬浮物含量高于9月,而叶绿素a含量低于9月:总颗粒物的吸收光谱曲线类似于非色素颗粒物,非色素颗粒物吸收对其的贡献明显大于浮游植物色素,9月份浮游植物吸收对其的贡献略有增加,吸收曲线在440nm左右能明显看到浮游植物引起的吸收峰;非色素颗粒物在440nm的吸收系数与悬浮物浓度存在较好的函数关系,而与叶绿素a浓度的相关性较弱;浮游植物色素吸收系数较低,色素组成中叶绿索a占主导地位,浮游植物在440nm和675nm的吸收系数与叶绿素a含量均存在较好的指数函数关系;6月浮游植物比吸收系数在440nm和750nm的均值分别为0.0483m2/mg和0.0263m2/mg,而9月份的均值分别为0.0337m2/mg和0.01 87m2/mg.     

供给侧改革与科技创新耦合助推西藏渔业资源养护

由于西藏生态环境脆弱、生态系统结构简单、生产力低下以及高原鱼类生长缓慢、资源补充周期长、对生境高度适应和依赖等特点,高原水域水生生态更容易受到外界的影响.尤其近几十年以来,外来鱼类入侵、水电水利设施的兴建、过度捕捞、水质环境恶化,导致162种青藏高原鱼类中,处于极危、濒危、易危或野外绝灭鱼类就有35种,超过了20%,在雅鲁藏布江中游,常见的6种裂腹鱼类中,有3种鱼类处于濒危状态,因此推动西藏渔业资源养护刻不容缓.供给侧改革和科技创新,将为西藏渔业资源养护注入新的活力.通过科学引导放生行为,规范和加强增殖放流行为,积累和推广本土鱼类繁育技术,密切关注西藏水生态系统,将会推动西藏渔业资源养护工作迈上一个新台阶,也会助推西藏"精准扶贫"进程.     

基于土壤环境质量评价的铜陵丹皮区划研究

土壤环境质量评价是开发、利用和保护名优特农产品产地的关键和基础。铜陵是丹皮产区,依据土壤环境质量评价标准,综合考虑影响土壤环境质量的因素,结合评价区土壤环境质量的现状,对丹皮产地土壤环境质量进行综合分区。将种植区划分为优质、优良、良好、一般4个等级。从而为铜陵丹皮的生产和管理提供了科学依据。     

Deep seismic reflection profiling revealing the complex crustal structure of the Tongling ore district

Deep seismic reflection profiling has been the dominant method for probing the deep structure of continental crust since the initiation of the COCORP in 1974[1,2]. Over the past few decades, this tool has been applied to diverse geologic features from the Appalachian area of the United States, to the Rhine-graben area in Western Europe and to the Tibetan Pla-teau[36]. In recent years, the Australian Geodynamic Cooperative Research Center ( AGCRC ) has applied this technique to the stu…     

Evaluation of water resource management in Salt Lake City,West Bengal,India

The tenets of sustainable development are often ignored by growing cities in developing countries. Salt Lake City, located on the eastern fringes of Kolkata, despite being a planned township, has failed to manage its water resources in a sustainable way. Results from the study show that the water supplied at the households is hard in nature, saline, and replete with dissolved solids. The problem is further aggravated due to over-extraction of groundwater resources, resulting in an intense fall of the groundwater level in the area. This paper attempts to suggest measures for sustainable water resource management, with particular emphasis on rainwater harvesting.