孔压静力触探在上海地区的应用

通过上海浦东国际机场跑道详勘中的实践,孔压静力触探在土层划分、估算土层固结系数等方面有很大的优越性。     

Statistical Evaluation of CPT and CPTu Based Methods for Prediction of Axial Bearing Capacity of Piles

Piles are structural members made of steel, concrete, or wood installed into the ground to transfer superstructure loads to the soil. Nowadays, many structures are built on poor lands, and therefore piles have crucial roles in such structures. Performing in-situ tests such as cone penetration (CPT) and piezocone penetration tests (CPTu) have always been of great importance in designing piles. These tests have a brilliant consistency with reality, and as a result, the outcome data can be used in order to achieve reliable pile designing models and reduce uncertainty in this regard. In this paper, the capability of various CPT and CPTu based methods developed from 1961 to 2016 has been investigated using four statistical methods. Such CPT and CPTu based methods are adopted for direct prediction of axial bearing capacity of piles using CPT and CPTu field data. For this purpose, 61 sets of field data prepared from CPT and CPTu have been collected. The data sets were utilized in order to calculate the axial bearing capacity of piles (Q_E) through 25 different methods. In addition, the measured axial pile capacities (Q_M) have been collected, recorded and prepared from field static load tests, respectively. Then, four different statistical approaches have been applied to assess the accuracy of these methods. Finally, the most reliable and accurate methods are presented.

     

基于单桩静载试验与Geddes解的群桩沉降计算研究

通过现场单桩静载试验与单桩Geddes解理论沉降结果,获得沉降修正系数,将该沉降修正用于修正群桩Geddes解理论沉降结果,最终获得修正后的群桩沉降计算值。经实例验证,该群桩沉降计算方法是合理的。     

Side-by-Side Correlation of Texas Cone Penetration and Standard Penetration Test Blowcount Values

This paper presents side-by-side comparisons of blowcount values for the Texas cone penetration (TCP) test and the standard penetration test (SPT). The comparisons yielded statistically-significant regression models for both coarse-grained soils and fine-grained soils. Consistent with expected trends and published data, the TCP–SPT relationship is nonlinear, with weak to fair correlation strength (R² = 23–44%). For TCP blowcounts (N_{60, TCP}) varying from 25 to 200 blows/30 cm (1 ft), corresponding SPT blowcounts (N_{60, SPT}) are typically 30–60% lower than N_{60, TCP} in fine-grained soils. Likewise, corresponding N_{60, SPT} blowcounts are 10–70% lower than N_{60, TCP} in coarse-grained soils, all other things being equal. Comparative data were obtained from published sources and from project-specific field research sites used for full-scale deep foundation load tests. The final dataset consisted of 225 test pairs obtained in similar soils and geomaterials, at equivalent depths, with all blowcounts normalized to 30 cm (12 in.) penetration (i.e., blows/30 cm or blows/ft) within the bounds of typical test precision, and corrected to 60% hammer efficiency. The generally weak correlations do not support conversion of N_{60, TCP} to N_{60, SPT} (or vice versa) to compute foundation capacity for final design. But, engineers can certainly get an intuitive feel about site conditions and preliminary foundation capacity by using the correlation equations to translate their knowledge of one test to the other. This study extends previous work by formally comparing and contrasting the similar yet different SPT and TCP test methods in such a way as to make the results useful to users of both tests and to the broader geotechnical engineering community.     

日本的桩静载荷试验规程概况

文章全面地介绍了日本当前应用的桩载荷试验的有关规程、规范。可供我国同行参考。     

基于孔压静力触探的岩土参数正态性检验方法对比

岩土参数的正态分布是岩土工程可靠分析的基本假定之一。目前,岩土工程参数的正态性检验以KS （Kolmogorov-Smirnov）检验为主,然而诸多研究表明,对于小样本数据,KS检验的正态性检验结果并不可靠。本文以废黄河泛滥沉积相粉土中的孔压静力触探（CPTU）锥尖阻力q_t数据为研究对象,首先采用ANOVA （方差分析）检验,从CPTU测试资料中进行总体的样本筛选,然后应用SW （Shapiro-Wilk）检验、KS检验、LF （Lilliefors）检验和AD （Anderson-Darling）检验等4种正态性检验方法,在不同样本容量条件下,对测试数据进行正态性检验评价。当测试数据的样本容量充足时,分析结果表明：SW检验结果最为严格,KS检验结果最不保守,而LF检验和AD检验的严格性介于两者之间;对于常规岩土工程设计,采用KS检验结果即可满足稳定性分析要求,对于复杂岩土工程设计,采用SW检验对设计参数进行正态性检验,可降低设计的不确定性。     

Hammer Efficiency and Correction Factors for the TxDOT Texas Cone Penetration Test

This study analyzes blowcount data from instrumented Texas Cone Penetration (TCP) tests. TCP hammer efficiency, rod length influence on the hammer efficiency, and overburden pressure correction factors for the TCP blowcounts (N_TCP) are explored. Results are compared to published correction factors for the standard penetration test (SPT). The final dataset analyzed for this study consisted of 293 TCP tests from which 135 tests were instrumented. TCP hammer efficiency values for automatic trip hammers ranged from 74 to 101% with an average of 89%. Analyses showed a statistically-significant relationship between the TCP hammer efficiency and the rod length below ground surface. Statistical models were developed for undifferentiated soils, and corresponding rod length correction factors for the TCP test (C_R-TCP) were obtained ranging from 0.90 to 1.00. In a second analysis, the relationship between the overburden pressure and N_TCP was explored and a mathematical expression for the overburden correction factor for the TCP blowcount value (C_N-TCP) was determined. This work represents the first study where corrections to N_TCP are explored, and the outcome of this research benefits the geotechnical engineering community using the TCP test and its associated foundation design method.     

Effect of Arching on Uplift Capacity of Single Piles

An analytical method has been proposed to predict the ultimate uplift capacity of single vertical piles embedded in sand considering arching effect. The present analysis takes into consideration of various pile and soil parameters such as length (L), diameter (d) of the pile, angle of internal friction of soil (ϕ), soil pile friction angle (δ) and unit weight of soil (γ). A modified value of coefficient of lateral earth pressure in uplift has been developed considering the arching effect of soil. A comparative assessment of the uplift capacity of piles predicted by using proposed theory and the existing available theories is made with the existing field and model test results. It has been observed that the present model considering the arching effect predicts the results closer.     

Modelling the Cone Penetration Test in sand using Cavity Expansion and Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Finite Element Methods

The paper considers two techniques to model the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) end resistance, q_c in a dense sand deposit using commercial finite element programmes. In the first approach, Plaxis was used to perform spherical cavity expansion analyses at multiple depths. Two soil models, namely; the Mohr–Coulomb (MC) and Hardening Soil (HS) models were utilized. When calibrated using simple laboratory element tests, the HS model was found to provide good estimates of q_c. However, at shallow depths, where the over-consolidation ratio of the sand was highest, the relatively large horizontal stresses developed prevented the full development of the failure zone resulting in under-estimation of the q_c value. The second approach involved direct simulation of cone penetration using a large-strain analysis implemented in Abaqus/Explicit. The Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) technique was used to prevent excessive mesh deformation. Although the Druker–Prager soil model used was not as sophisticated as the HS model, excellent agreement was achieved between the predicted and measured q_c profiles.     

A New SPT-Based Method for Estimating Axial Capacity of Driven Piles in Glacial Deposits

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - This paper proposes a new design method for the axial capacity of driven piles in glacial deposits with the standard penetration test (SPT) based on a...     

Surfer自动化在静力触探试验曲线图绘制中的应用

通过实例讲述了Surfer自动化绘图功能的高级应用。通过对Surfer的编程，实现了静力触探试验曲线图的自动绘制，大大提高了工勘图件的绘制效率。     

静力触探参数相关范围的估算

应用随机场理论,对静力触探参数的空间变异性进行了统计分析,结合工程实际,得到了扬州运河大桥处各土层的静力触探参数qc和fs的相关范围δ的经验值。     

基于数据采集卡的无缆静力触探数据采集系统的研究与设计

通过对传统的静力触探数据采集系统进行改进,介绍了利用数据采集卡采集静力触探的压力数据,利用地上数据采集仪采集静力触探深度数据,数据采集过程中均运用时钟信息进行时间先后顺序和数据的同步匹配,通过数据存储模块可将数据存储下来,也可串行传输后把压力和深度数据通过液晶模块显示出来,最后将数据传入上位机管理系统中进行数据的综合处理,并将最终触探曲线显示出来。整个过程具有无缆化、采集精度高、集成度高、存储量大、经济便捷等特点,最后通过现场试验验证了改造后的静力触探数据采集系统的适用性。     

用相关函数法求静探曲线相关距离的讨论

通过南水北调工程中一百余条静探曲线的相关距离研究,对用相关函数法求静探曲线相关距离过程中所出现的各种问题,如计算方法的选择、异常数据的影响、样本容量的选取等进行了分析。     

大吨位堆载法对单桩承载力试验的影响

大吨位堆载法对单桩承载力试验结果存在四个方面的影响，分别对它们进行了理论分析，并对它们的影响程度进行了评估。     

应用于静力触探中串行控制的数据采集系统

设计了应用于静力触探中的数据采集系统,给出了系统电路原理图并主要介绍了MAX132芯片及它的软件算法。该系统以AT89C2051单片机为控制核心,主要采用可编程的±18位串行A/D转换器MAX132进行数据采集并转换,通过RS232串行通信接口与上位机进行异步串行通信。     

吹填土静力触探测试及主要特性分析

天津滨海新区吹填土在形成过程中受重力分选作用及水动力条件影响,加上后期真空固结方法处理,使其工程性质复杂。采用静力触探原位测试手段,通过对实测参数的统计、分析,综合考虑野外钻探编录及室内土工试验结果,将吹填土分为硬壳层、软弱粘性土层及底部砂性土层3个工程地质层。顶部硬壳层及底部砂性土层强度相对较好、层位分布不稳定,软弱粘性土层具有强度低、压缩性高的软土工程特性。吹填土在排水口部位以软弱粘性土层为主,工程性质相对其他部位差。     

重型动力触探、标准贯入试验在振动挤密碎石桩复合地基检测中的应用

通过对振动挤密碎石桩复合地基的检测，介绍了重型动力触探、标准贯入试验测试技术在软弱地基土复合地基处理效果评价方面的应用。