贵州矿山地质环境问题分布特征

在调查该省矿产资源集中开采区矿山地质环境的基础上,总结全省主要矿山开采技术条件、主要开采矿种、开发强度和开采方式,探究其矿山地质环境问题类型、危害和分布,为全省矿山地质环境监督管理提供技术依据,促进矿产资源开发与矿山地质环境保护协调发展。     

贵州省矿山地质环境遥感调查评价

本文论述了利用遥感技术开展矿山地质环境问题调查的方法与技术路线,对贵州全省因矿山开采而诱发或产生的矿区生态环境恶化、水土流失、岩溶石漠化的加剧、水资源污染、地质灾害等各类矿山地质环境问题的遥感影像特征进行了总结。快速、准确、经济地摸清贵州省矿山地质环境现状及矿业开发对生态环境的影响;为合理开发矿产资源、保护地质环境、矿山环境整治、矿山生态恢复与重建、实施矿山地质环境监督等提供基础资料。     

基于GeoEye-1的矿山开发遥感调查与监测应用研究

以马鞍山矿区为研究区域,采用高分辨率Geoeye-1卫星遥感数据,通过影像的几何纠正、正射校正、融合等预处理,以Mapgis为数据平台,利用采矿权与遥感影像进行叠加,对开采面、矿山占地、尾矿库、矿山建筑、废弃采坑、矿山道路等信息进行解译,结合实地调查,实现矿产资源开发利用状况、矿山环境调查与监测工作。结果表明,Geoeye-1数据能够满足1：1万矿山开发遥感调查与监测,能够准确、客观、实时的监测矿山的越界开采、无证开采、擅自改变开采方式等多种违规类型及矿山开发引发的环境问题,为政府整顿矿山开发秩序、矿山地质环境恢复治理提供重要的技术支撑和决策依据。     

豫南某矿山集中开采区对地形地貌及土地资源影响评价

资源开发与矿山地质环境保护越来越受到全社会民众的关注,矿山地质环境恢复治理已成为河南地质环境保护工作中一个重大课题。豫南某市矿产资源主要分布在西部低山丘陵区,经多年开采,地形地貌景观破坏和土地资源破坏问题较突出。本文在开展该市矿山地质环境调查评价基础上,对市域西部露天矿山集中开采区就地形地貌景观、土地资源等方面进行数据统计分析评价,可作为今后政府科学开展矿山地质环境保护工作数理依据。     

吉林辽源市矿山地质环境问题及对策建议

辽源市是我国典型的矿业城市,具有悠久的矿业开发历史,煤炭为主要矿产资源集中分布于市区,近50年来的开采遗留下大量的矿山地质环境问题。本文在资料收集和调查的基础上,分析总结了吉林辽源市矿山环境地质问题及其危害,提出辽源市矿山地质环境保护与综合治理对策建议,为资源枯竭城市转型,提供了基础数据和技术支撑。     

遥感技术在辽宁省矿山环境监测中的应用

辽宁省矿产资源丰富,开发程度较高,但部分矿区开发秩序混乱,矿山生态环境破坏严重。通过2011—2014年4 a的矿产资源开发环境遥感监测,基本查明了全省矿产资源开发状况,矿山开发占地、矿区地质灾害、矿山环境污染和矿山环境恢复治理等矿山地质环境问题,以及全省矿产资源开发规划执行情况; 总结分析了辽宁省矿山开发易出现违法开采的区域、矿种和开采方式; 开展了矿山地质环境评价,圈定出矿山开采对矿山地质环境影响严重区、较严重区、一般区和无影响区。监测工作为辽宁省矿产资源有序、高效开发和环境保护提供了基础资料和科学依据,并指出了目前存在的问题和努力的方向,为辽宁省矿山环境遥感监测的下一步工作提出了建议。     

安宁县街磷矿区地质环境遥感评价方法研究

本文论述了利用遥感技术开展矿山地质环境调查的技术方法与路线,对云南安宁县街磷矿区因矿山开采产生的矿区生态环境恶化、岩溶石漠化、水资源污染、地表植被破坏等矿山地质环境问题的遥感影像特征进行分类.快速、准确、经济地摸清研究区内矿山地质环境现状及矿业开发对生态环境的影响;为合理开发矿产资源、矿山生态恢复与治理等提供详实资料.     

内蒙古元宝山煤矿环境地质问题及防治措施

元宝山煤矿资源储量大，开采历史长，矿山地质环境问题十分突出，已严重影响了当地人民群众居住环境和工农业生产，成为制约当地经济发展的重要问题。按照划分防治区、确定防治工作重点等方法，对不同的矿山地质环境采取不同的防治措施，可以有效改变当前突出的矿山地质环境问题。     

济宁市露天矿山开采现状及保护治理措施

根据济宁市露天矿山开发利用现状,以及矿山开采引发的环境地质问题,按照资源开发与环境保护相协调的原则,对其进行了现状评估,同时,结合济宁实际情况,针对新建矿山、生产矿山和闭坑矿山,提出相应的矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理措施。     

基于生态保护优先的青藏高原矿产资源勘查开发的对策

青藏高原矿产资源开发在地区经济社会发展中具有支柱性地位,是中国重要的矿产资源后备开发及战略基地,但同时又是中国重要的生态环境屏障,资源开发与生态环境保护成为重大的资源环境问题。通过矿山地质环境调查发现,由于以往环境保护意识不足等多种因素的综合影响,矿产资源勘查开发对高原植被生态影响严重,高山草甸植被保护与修复成为青藏高原矿山最主要、最突出的环境问题。基于寒冷、缺氧、少土、交通不便等制约性自然因素,提出了源头优先保护生态的矿产资源勘查开发的对策建议:提高青藏高原矿山准入条件、构建基于源头生态保护的机制、制定开发利用规划、基于矿山地质环境承载力评价的矿山布局、建立勘查及合理开发的矿产资源储备基地、建立矿山生态环境长期监测网、推广高原植被生态修复技术体系等,为政府科学决策矿产资源绿色勘查开发提供地质依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861