北山裂谷红石山镍矿床特征及成因——多期岩浆成矿作用

新疆东天山南部北山裂谷带中出露大量镁铁-超镁铁岩,铜镍含量较低。红石山镍矿位于北山裂谷金铜镍成矿带西部,在前人工作基础上,结合裂谷环境下成岩机制,对红石山铜镍矿矿区侵入岩序列、容矿围岩及构造、矿体特征进行研究,分析红石山铜镍矿成矿环境及成矿作用演化特征,建立多期岩浆成矿模式及找矿标志,以期为矿区寻找隐伏矿床(体)及铜镍矿床提供理论依据。     

吉林红旗岭铜镍矿床的地质特征及成因

红旗岭铜镍矿床地处华北地台和吉黑地槽系接触带———辉发河断裂带内 ,属大型铜镍硫化物矿床。矿区出露地层为下元古界呼兰群变质岩系。呈北东向展布的辉发河断裂具有切割深度大、继承性活动频繁等特征 ,由该断裂构造活动派生的北西向构造构成区域性重要的控岩控矿构造 ,控制超镁铁、镁铁质岩体及铜镍硫化物矿体在空间上呈北西向产出。与铜镍矿成矿有关的岩体具有复合杂岩体特征 ,多属辉长岩—辉石岩—橄榄岩型镁铁—超镁铁质岩。铜镍矿体呈似板状、脉状、透镜状及囊状等赋存于镁铁—超镁铁质岩体内。岩矿石微量元素特征、稀土元素地球化学特征均反映其为地幔部分熔融作用的产物 ,且矿石与镁铁—超镁铁质岩具同源性 ,矿床属岩浆深部熔离分异成因     

新疆若羌县坡一超镁铁岩浆岩型铜镍矿床特征及远景展望

新疆北山裂谷带中出露有数量众多的镁铁-超镁铁岩,坡一铜镍矿位于北山裂谷金铜镍成矿带西部、坡北镁铁-超镁铁岩带西南部。经1989~2014年的持续勘查,坡北岩带中的坡一铜镍矿规模达到100万吨以上。笔者在前人工作的基础上,结合裂谷环境下成岩机制,分析了坡一铜镍矿成矿环境及成矿作用演化特征,树立了独特的多期岩浆成矿模式,建立了找矿标志,为成矿带镁铁-超镁铁岩浆硫化物型铜镍矿床建立了成矿模型,且对成矿远景做了探讨。     

云南铂,铜镍,铬矿床的成矿模式

云南铂、铜镍、铬矿床的成矿模式罗君烈（云南省地质矿产厅）１区域成矿模式云南已评价的铂族矿床９个，铜镍矿床２个，铬均属矿点。虽然超镁铁—镁铁岩类分布较广，包括潞西、保山、孟连、德钦、哀牢山、元谋、富宁等主要岩带（区），但前震旦纪浅成—超浅成辉长—辉绿岩...     

新安铜镍矿床地质特征及成因探讨

新安铜镍矿产于龙岗陆核南西端,与赤柏松Ⅰ号中型镍矿床、金斗等小型镍矿床构成了龙岗陆核东西成矿亚带,其南部为元古代浑江凹陷。本文通过对新安铜镍矿床地质特征及成矿地质条件的综合分析,得出该矿床存在两种成因类型的矿体,即晚期岩浆熔离型矿体和侵位—熔离—贯入式矿体。     

东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿床Ⅱ号岩体辉长岩形成年龄与找矿潜力

东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿床以赋存110万吨Ni金属成为全球镍床近二十年来最重要的发现之一,也是仅次于金川岩浆铜镍矿床的中国第二大铜镍矿床。矿区发育5个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,目前仅Ⅰ号镁铁-超镁铁岩体内发现了具有经济价值的超大矿体,110万吨Ni金属均赋存Ⅰ号岩体内;其他4个岩体中仅Ⅱ号岩体发现了矿化,是多种构造体制叠加岩浆活动的结果。调查发现Ⅱ号岩体的主要岩性是辉长岩,LA ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测试获得Ⅱ号岩体辉长岩的成岩年龄为385.2 Ma,比Ⅰ号岩体成岩成矿时代稍年轻,属于早泥盆世岩浆活动的产物。岩浆铜镍矿体多赋存于辉石岩与橄榄岩中,辉长岩内一般无经济价值的矿体存在。在夏日哈木矿区,辉长岩基本是含矿辉石岩及橄榄岩的围岩,辉长岩中所见的铜镍矿化也是后期岩浆活动贯入的表现。结合区域年代学综合分析认为,夏日哈木超大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的形成,是早泥盆世早期岩浆活动于柴达木盆地边缘东昆仑造山带夏日哈木地区具体的成矿表现。目前所发现的Ⅱ号岩体以辉长岩为主,不具备成镍矿良好条件,较难发现有经济价值的铜镍矿体。     

东昆仑夏日哈木矿区岩体含矿性特点与形成机理探讨

东昆仑造山带有众多基性-超基性岩体,但目前仅在夏日哈木Ⅰ号岩体发现有超大型镍矿。对其含矿性特点与形成机理的研究有助于东昆仑地区的铜镍矿勘查。笔者梳理了目前诸多学者对夏日哈木铜镍矿的研究工作,并结合野外实际,发现铁质系列的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体才可能形成有经济价值的岩浆铜镍矿体,镁质系列的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体不可能成就大规模岩浆铜镍硫化物矿体;大断裂为地幔岩浆上侵提供了有利条件;分异良好的超基性岩体更具有成铜镍矿的潜力;结晶分异促进了硫化物饱和,地壳硫混染是成矿的关键;橄榄石和单斜辉石具有低的CaO和FeO含量的岩体特征,更有利于成铜镍矿。     

硫化铜镍矿床的研究现状和发展趋势

前言矿床的开发已有七千多年的历史,但直到16世纪中叶,才提出有关矿床成因的某些观点。一百年后,Descartes(1644)认为矿床物质来自地球深部,这成为后来铜、镍来自地幔的始祖。 19世纪中期,法国著名地质学家Elie de Beaumont(1847)认识到镁铁、超镁铁岩中铬、镍、铂等矿床的分结现象。1893年发现了萨德伯里铜镍矿床。此后人们普遍重视镁铁超镁铁岩有关铜镍硫化物矿床的研究。20世纪初,(1929)提出硫化铜镍矿床的     

青海省夏日哈木铜镍矿床岩石地球化学特征及其意义

新发现的青海省夏日哈木超大型镍矿床,在国内是仅次于金川岩浆铜镍矿床的第二大矿床。矿区发育5个镁铁-超镁铁岩体,目前仅Ⅰ号镁铁-超镁铁岩体内发现了具有经济价值的超大型矿体,其他4个岩体多为镁质橄榄岩及榴辉岩,是多种构造体制叠加岩浆活动的结果。分析发现Ⅰ号岩体所有岩石的SiO_2含量为34.11%~54.28%,其m/f值为2.01~4.93,属铁质系列的镁铁-超镁铁岩石。通过对橄榄石Fo值与Ni含量研究表明,存在多期次的岩浆成矿作用,橄榄石Fo值与Ni含量正相关和负相关的协变关系,说明存在早期硫化物不混溶作用。结合区域年代学综合分析认为,夏日哈木超大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的形成,是早泥盆世早期岩浆活动于柴达木盆地边缘东昆仑造山带夏日哈木地区具体的成矿表现。在其Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体的深部,仍具有较大的找矿潜力,而其他3个镁铁-超镁铁质多以镁质橄榄岩为主,不具备镍矿成矿条件,可能没有发现铜镍矿的经济价值。     

超镁铁岩的REE特点及其对青海德尔尼铜钴矿的成因意义

不同成因的超镁铁岩具有不同的ＲＥＥ特点。与硫化镍矿有关的侵入超镁铁岩有较高的ＲＥＥ含量，富集轻稀土；蛇绿岩套中的变质橄缆岩ＲＥＥ含量较低，以“Ｕ”型或轻稀土亏损型为特点。德尔尼超镁铁岩体有变质橄缆岩的ＲＥＥ特征，属蛇绿岩套的一部分，为地幔物质低度部分熔融的产物，部分熔融程度约为５％。德尔尼铜矿属火山成因的块状硫化物矿床，由于构造作用致使矿体产于超镁铁岩中。阿尼玛卿山地区铜钴矿的找矿方向是原布青山群     

滇西大平掌铜多金属矿床火山喷流沉积原因

大平掌矿床由上部层状块状硫化物矿体和下部细脉浸染状矿体组成,双层结构清楚。块状矿体中发育典型的草莓状和鲕状硫化物。成矿地质背景和矿石中的金属元素及REE配分形式、S同位素组成、流体包裹体特征等均与黑矿型矿床及现代海底热液活动区硫化物矿床相似。矿床典型的火山喷流沉积成因。     

阿舍勒铜锌块状硫化物矿床地质特征和成因

阿舍勒矿床与早－中泥盆世双峰式火山活动有着成因联系，产于火山洼地中，它在喷气－沉积阶段形成，后又细历了变质改造和岩浆热液叠加。矿床具有双层结构，很好的矿化分带和刨变分带。成矿流体的温度，压力和酸碱度等物理化学条件变化引起了围岩蚀变和矿石堆积，在海底界面上下形成了具有成因联系的两套矿化。     

德国拉梅尔斯贝格铜-锌-铅-钡矿床研究进展

拉梅尔斯贝格矿床是中欧华力西期最重要的SHMS(以沉积岩为容矿围岩的块状硫化物)类矿床之一,位于莱茵海西期地体的上哈茨地块。该矿床形成于泥盆纪,矿体赋存于艾菲尔阶的威森巴赫页岩中,经华力西造山运动发生了强烈的变形。主要有新矿体、老矿体和富含重晶石的灰色矿体,主要硫化物矿物为黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铜矿。硫同位素数据显示,拉梅尔斯贝格矿床有2个硫源,一个是热液成因;一个是生物成因,来自细菌还原的海水中的硫酸盐。铅同位素说明,它的铅主要来自均匀的地壳。与其他SHMS类矿床相比,拉梅尔斯贝格矿床明显富铜。     

金川铜镍硫化物矿床岩浆通道型矿体地质地球化学特征

金川铜镍硫化物矿床6行富铜（铂族）矿体曾因Cu、Pt、Pd等含量明显高于相邻其它矿体而被认为是岩浆期后热液叠加作用的产物,研究发现,空间上该矿体受断层构造控制,在矿石组构、矿物组成和硫同位素组成方面与相邻岩浆融离型1号矿体一致,显示了该矿体岩浆成矿作用的特征。在元素地球化学方面,6行富铜（铂族）矿体的Cu、Ni、Pt、Pd含量及Cu/Ni比值明显高于1号主矿体,而Os、Ir、Rh、Ru却明显低于后者,同时,前者相对富含LREE,轻、重稀土分异程度高于后者。根据硫化物结晶分异过程中金属元素分配规律及稀土元素特征,阐明了6行富铜（铂族）矿体为岩浆通道型矿体,是岩浆硫化物晚期结晶的产物。矿区中西部存在的Cu、Ni、Pt、Pd、Au等含量高,而Os、Ir、Rh、Ru含量低的部位,是寻找岩浆通道型矿体的有利部位。     

新疆铜镍硫化物矿床的基本地质特点

作者从矿化岩带、含矿岩体和矿床特点三个层次,概括地阐述了新疆铜镍硫化物矿床成生的地质条件、基本特点,成因及矿模式;用归纳对比法,突出地探讨了新疆槽区铜镍硫化物矿床的分布规律.     

Komatiites and nickel sulfide ores of the Black Swan area,Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia. 4. Platinum group element distribution in the ores,and genetic implications

The Black Swan komatiite sequence, in the Eastern Goldfields province of the Archaean Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia, is a body of dominantly olivine-rich cumulates with lesser volumes of spinifex textured rocks, interpreted as a section through an extensive komatiite lava flow field. The sequence hosts a number of nickel sulfide orebodies, including the Silver Swan massive shoot and the Cygnet and Black Swan disseminated orebodies. The massive sulfide orebodies of the Black Swan Succession are pervasively depleted in all platinum group elements (PGEs), particularly Pt and Pd, despite very high Ni contents. This depletion cannot be explained by R-factor variations, which would also require relatively low Ni tenors. The PGE depletion could be explained in part if the ores are enriched in a monosulfide solid solution (MSS) cumulate component, but requires some additional fractional segregation of sulfide melt upstream from the site of deposition. The Silver Swan orebody shows a remarkably consistent vertical zonation in PGE contents, particularly in Ir, Ru, Rh, Os, which increase systematically from very low levels at the stratigraphic base of the sulfide body to maxima corresponding roughly with the top of a lower layer of the orebody rich in silicate inclusions. Platinum shows the opposite trend, but is somewhat modified by remobilisation during talc carbonate alteration. A similar pattern is also observed in the adjacent White Swan orebody. This zonation is interpreted and modelled as the result of fractional crystallisation of MSS from the molten sulfide pool. The strong IPGE depletion towards the base of the orebody may be a consequence of sulfide liquid crystallisation in an inverted thermal gradient, between a thin rapidly cooling upper rind of komatiite lava and a hot substrate.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at Editorial handling: Peter Lightfoot     

河北张家口金矿南冷沟矿段构造控矿特征分析

南冷放段金矿体赋存于张家口金矿主脉带中,但成因与张家口金矿矿体明显不同,金矿全的形成和分布这ＳＮ向断裂及其ＮＷ向羽状分支构造控制。根据矿石自然类型要带,可划人灵原生含金硫化物石英脉型、原生含硫化物钾长石石英脉型和氧化矿体３个带,分别为近ＳＮ向断裂及其ＮＷ向状分支构造所围限,在Ｆ４断层东盘依次出现,氧化程度逐渐增高。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿床的叠加改造成矿机制：来自矿石结构的证据

长江中、下游地区块状硫化物矿床普遍受到燕山期岩浆及其热液的改造与叠加.本文以铜陵冬瓜山矿床为例,探讨这类矿床的成矿机制.该矿床主要由层状硫化物矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.野外地质观察及室内矿相学的研究表明,冬瓜山层状矿体中矿石遭受了强烈的热变质作用及热液交代作用.进变质过程中形成的结构主要为黄铁矿受燕山期岩浆侵...     

金川Ⅰ矿区6#富铜盲矿体成因探讨

金川硫化铜镍矿床Ⅰ矿区6#富铜矿属于岩浆深熔-晚期贯入矿体，于正常的超基性岩型富矿体之后，富含贵金属元素和铜镍的富矿岩浆沿北东东向张性断裂上侵形成，呈透镜状产出。     

Geology,petrology and geochemistry of the “Americano do Brasil” layered intrusion,central Brazil,and its Ni–Cu sulfide deposits

The “Americano do Brasil” Complex (ABC) is part of a cluster of coeval synorogenic mafic–ultramafic intrusions emplaced during the Brasiliano/Pan-African Orogenic Cycle in Brazil. The medium-sized ABC consists of interlayered dunite, peridotite, websterite, and gabbronorite. High Fo values of olivine (up to Fo₈₈) and the crystallization sequence of the ABC (Ol + Chr ≥ Ol + Opx + Chr ≥ Cpx + Opx ≥ Opx + Pl + Cpx ≥ Opx + Pl + Cpx + Ilm + Mag) suggest crystallization from tholeiitic high-MgO parental magmas. Light rare earth element (REE)-enriched mantle-normalized REE profiles and εNd(T) values of +2.4 for cumulate rocks from the ABC suggest a depleted mantle source for the parental magma. The ABC Ni–Cu sulfide deposit (3.1 Mt at 1.12 wt.% Ni and 1.02 wt.% Cu) consists of three distinctively different orebodies (S1, S2, and G2). The S2 orebody, an unusual occurrence of stratiform massive sulfide hosted by dunite and peridotite in the interior of a layered intrusion, results from sulfides accumulated at the transient base of the magma chamber following a new influx of parental magma. The G2 orebody has an irregular and roughly cylindrical shape, consisting mainly of net-textured sulfides. The G2 orebody is hosted by peridotite and pyroxenite and located stratigraphically below the S1 orebody. S2 and G2 orebodies are characterized by low Cu/Cu + Ni ratios (mainly below 0.4). The S1 orebody, hosted by websterite and gabbronorite in the more fractionated sequence of the ABC, is a cluster of several irregular discontinuous orebodies of Ni–Cu disseminated sulfides. The sulfides of the S1 orebody have high Cu/Cu + Ni ratios (mainly between 0.5 and 0.8) and are highly depleted in PGE. The S1 orebody is interpreted to result from a later event of sulfide segregation in the magma chamber, possibly following the event that originated the G2 orebody. The bulk of δ³⁴S values for sulfides of the ABC orebodies and their host rocks fall in the range of 0 ± 2‰. Higher δ³⁴S values (between 3‰ and 5‰) are restricted to pyrite from xenoliths of gneiss located close to the S1 orebody and sulfides from the S1 orebody. Crustal xenoliths and chemical data (lithogeochemistry and sulfur isotope composition) provide evidence of crustal contamination of the igneous rocks hosting the S1 orebody, suggesting that sulfur saturation was induced by contamination with sulfide-bearing crustal rocks. The ABC deposit is an example of Ni–Cu sulfide mineralization hosted by synorogenic mafic–ultramafic intrusions. The S2 orebody is the first documented example of an economic stratiform massive sulfide orebody located within layered intrusions, expanding the opportunities for exploration of Ni–Cu sulfides in orogenic regions worldwide.