一种底上群落分级定量采集器

在Ｍａｃｅｒ采集器的基础上，经修改制成一种新型的底上生物群落分级定量采集器，４个标准ＷＰ２浮游生物网（网目０．５ｍｍ）嵌接在不锈钢架上，网口与海底距离分别为１０－４０，４５－７５，８０－１１０，１１５－１４５ｃｍ。每个网均装有１个水流计及两扇活动门，这些门通过１个杠杆装置控制其开关，当采集器与海底接触时使门打开，使用这种新型采集器在法国近岸海区及北大西洋深海海底进行了一百多次成功的采样，对各种软，     

对虾网箱两茬养殖试验

１材料和方法１．１试验海区环境因子　本试验在乐清湾漩门水域进行。网箱泊置海区为泥沙底质，水深１５ｍ，５～１０月份水温１７～３１℃，比重１．００８～１．０１７，海水透明度３００～５００ｃｍ。试验期间海区曾遭受热带风暴潮袭击。１．２网箱结构和规格试验在规格为３ｍ×３ｍ×４ｍ的板框式浮动网箱内进行。箱体为单层聚乙烯网衣结构，用铁锚和沉石固定。网衣网目大小分别是２０目，０．６ｃｍ和１．０ｃｍ网径。１．３养殖措施１．３．１苗种及放苗数第一茬养殖于５月４日将体长０．８～１．２ｃｍ的中国对虾苗２００００尾直放…     

对俯冲带地震的研究将提供什么海底资料？

对俯冲带地震的研究将提供什么海底资料？ＸａｖｉｅｒＬｅＰｉｃｈｏｎ等本文第一作者１９９５年１—５月在海洋研究所逗留期间，正值海底研究不断取得进展，其中包括研究其陆上和海域的区域环境方面的Ｋａｉｋｏ—Ｔｏｋａｉ项目，这些研究内容已写成了数篇论文，第一篇...     

渤海中部海域海底热扩散率及恒温层深度研究

利用渤海中部海域泥温实测资料，计算出该海域海底热扩散率及恒温层深度。结果表明，８＃平台处的热扩散率为０．００１～０．００５ｃｍ２ｓ－１，Ａ（Ｂ）平台处为０．００２～０．０１０ｃｍ２ｓ－１。恒温层深度８＃平台处为８ｍ，Ａ（Ｂ）平台处１０ｍ，也有差异。与陆地比较，海底恒温层深度较浅，且水深越深恒温层深度越浅。     

Texaco在泰国B12/32区块发现天然气

Ｔｅｘａｃｏ在泰国Ｂ１２／３２区块发现天然气Ｔｅｘａｃｏ于１９９７年１月９日宣布，其驻泰分公司在泰国海湾Ｂ１２／３２区块的Ｂｕｓｓａｂｏｎｇ－２Ｘ井中测试出天然气。该井海底垂直钻深达８５７０英尺，穿过了几个含油气带。经在３个不同深度进行测试，最大速率...     

魁蚶筏式养殖中死亡原因及防止对策

１魁蚶筏式养殖的死亡原因山东省荣成市于１９８９年开始魁蚶筏式养殖。前几年出现大批死亡，轻者２０％左右，重者达８０％左右。而且，壳高３ｃｍ以下的小苗死亡率低，３ｃｍ以上养成期的大苗死亡率高；每年春季３～４月份死亡严重。本文根据试验情况和生产实践，总结出魁蚶筏式养殖的死亡原因及防止对策。１．１与养殖器材有关目前所用筏式养殖器材有，用于养殖栉孔扇贝的那种７层网笼、３０ｃｍ×２０ｃｍ的网袋和网床等。试验结果表明，在壳高小于３ｃｍ的苗期魁蚶在各种养殖器材的死亡率没有多大的差异，但在养成期网笼的死亡率为网床…     

新第三纪墨西哥外海中美洲海沟大沉降事件——来自海底观察的证据

新第三纪墨西哥外海中美洲海沟大沉降事件——来自海底观察的证据Ｂ．ＭｅｒｃｉｅｒｄｅＬｅｐｉｎａｙ等中美洲海沟由两大部分组成。第一部分位于加勒比板块边界，该区域几乎不会发生消减加积；第二部分位于北美板块边界，在该边界的Ａｃａｐｕｌｃｏ外海有一个３０—４...     

GPS技术在海洋开发中的作用

基于ＧＰＳ技术的新近研究成果，本文主要论述了ＧＰＳ信号在以下四方面的应用：（１）精确测定海洋测高卫星的运行轨道，为全球海洋学研究和灾害性海况信息探测提供数据处理基准；（２）建立陆地一海洋大地测量基准，为海洋划界和海洋国土建设奠定基础；（ ３）建立海底大地测量控制网，为海底工程建设和海底动力学研究提供测量基准，（４）测定海洋平台等海上设施的实时位置，确保海上设施的动态平衡。     

莱州湾东部金城水域发现文昌鱼幼体

文昌鱼Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａｂｅｌｃｈｅｒｉ属于脊索动物门 (Ｃｈｏｒｄａｔａ)、头索亚门(Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｃｈｏｒｄａｔａ)、文昌鱼纲(Ａｍｐｈｉｏｘｉ)。文昌鱼目Ａｍｐｈｉｏｘｉｆｏｒｍｅｓ计有两个科 ,即文昌鱼科Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａｔｉ ｄａｅ（仅文昌鱼Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａ１属约１５种）和偏文昌鱼科Ｅｐｉｇｏｎｉｃｈｔｈｙｉｄａｅ（亦仅１属５种）。我们此次在金城水域发现的文昌鱼幼体系隶属于白氏文昌鱼的一个亚种Ｂ．ｂｅｌｃｈｅｒｉｔｓｉｎｇｔａｕｅｎｓｅＴｃｈａｎｇｅｔｋｏｏ。该亚种已记…     

Delaunay三角网增点生长构造法研究

论述了一种由计算机自动生成Delaunay三角网的增点生长构造法。该方法属于不规则三角网的动态构网法，它借鉴了静态构网法中递归生长算法的部分思想，并利用Lawson提出的最大最小(MAX—MIN)角度法则对三角网进行即时的局部优化，从而达到了快速、有效地构建Delaunay三角网的目的。该方法对快速生成海底DEM数据，进行海底仿真具有重要的作用。     

南海囊糠虾亚科的初步研究

囊糠虾亚科Gastrosaccinae 包括的种数并不很多，但有些种数量相当大，是经济鱼虾的天然饵料，在海洋食物链中占较重要的地位。例如黄海的漂浮囊糠虾Gastrosaccus pelagicus Ii 数量很大，普遍发现于底层鱼类胃含物中；此种及其他一些量大的种又可用作养殖鱼虾的饵料。这一亚科迄今已知共7属69种。本文根据中国科学院海洋研究所1958-60年在南海北部所采的底层浮游生物标本和中国科学院南海海洋研究所1974-81年采自西沙群岛、中沙群岛的标本写成，共发现4属12种，其中6种为中国近海的首次记录。     

Novel sledge net system employing propulsion vehicles for sampling demersal organisms on sandy bottoms

A new sledge net system using propulsion vehicles has been developed to sample more efficiently the demersal juveniles of marine organisms. A net attached to a sledge maneuvered by a SCUBA diver who uses operating switches on a steering handle to adjust the altitude of the sledge and the position of the tickler chains to ensure that the footcloth of the mouth of the net remains in constant contact with the bottom surface. Video camera, flow meter, compass, and dive computers are positioned on the sledge net in the view of the diver. Given that the system can attain speeds of 70 cm s⁻¹, the net can be employed to capture highly mobile fish. Unlike most boat-based net sampling methods, the use of propulsion vehicles means that there are no sound or vibration disturbances due to the boat and tow ropes typically used to maneuver these types of sampling nets. Marine fauna was collected at monthly intervals over a two-year period in a sampling area along the southern coast of Hokkaido, Japan. A total of 2641 specimens comprising 61 species and including five species which were the first records for the region were collected. These findings suggest that the new sledge net system employing propulsion vehicles was effective for sampling demersal juveniles, particularly in situations where sledge nets towed by boats or push nets cannot be deployed.     

霞浦湖沉积物需氧速率的研究

１９９５年２月,用大口径采样器采集日本霞浦湖土浦湾和湖心柱状沉积物样品,在２０℃恒温蔽光封闭条件下,研究了该湖泊沉积物需氧（ＳＯＤ）速率及实验前后上覆水和间隙水中形态营养物浓度变化,结果表明,实验初期（０－５ｈ）ＳＯＤ速率随时间呈线性上升,大于５ｈ后呈非线性下降,对线性部分计算的ＳＯＤ速率约在０．６－１．８ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）之间,实验发现,上覆水和表层间隙水中形态营养物Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）,ＮＨ＾＋４－Ｎ     

东海DC-1孔岩芯天然热释光测试

1979年中国科学院海研究所在东海水深28米处进行了一次海上钻探取芯。孔深为30米,取得了可供分析用的岩芯24.60米。室内曾用多种手段对该岩芯进行了综合分析,根据岩性、古生物、古地磁、岩相古地理等对该岩芯进行了地层划分。作者为了探讨热释光技术在海洋沉积地层划分方面的应用,选取了该岩芯     

In situ filtration sampler for taking filtered water samples

A new type ofin situ filtration sampler is described. The all Teflon sampler is hung on a nylon rope attached to a steel wire (Fig. 3). By dropping a messenger, the sampler piston is pulled down by a released weight of 50 kg, and the sampler is filled with about 400 ml of filtered water. The sample is not contaminated by metals because there is no metal around the sampler.     

Comparing the passive sampler and biomonitoring of organic pollutants in water: A laboratory study

Passive sampling could provide the solution to problems associated with costly and time consuming sampling programmes and biomonitoring. Mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Chemcatcher passive sampler were simultaneously analyzed for sequestered pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MSD). The Chemcatcher passive sampler based on a solid phase extraction disc with two types of diffusion-limiting membranes (polyethelene and polysulphone), were also compared. Diuron, atrazine, irgarol and lindane were accumulated in the polysulphone passive sampler in greater concentration than in the mussels or in the other passive samplers with polyethelene limiting-membrane. Mussels can accumulate in their tissue high concentration of non polar compounds such as PCB 52, dieldren and PCB 153; more than the passive sampler with polysulphone membrane. The device with polyethelene limiting membrane has high affinity capacity to concentrate high amount of phenenthrene, dieldrin, PCB 153 and PCB 52, so it acts as a sampler for non-polar compounds. The highest uptake rate of hydrophobic compounds by Chemcatcher was observed for analytes with log octanol-water partition coefficient (K_OW) between 4.5 and 7.5. Laboratory-based studies using passive samplers to assess the potential for bioaccumulation could provide robust and reliable information at relatively low cost compared to biomonitoring data. Laboratory data obtained using passive samplers could be related to accumulation under field conditions where field assessments are required.     

Concentrations of cadmium,copper, lead and zinc in surface waters of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean — A comparison of Go-flo and teflon water samplers

The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were measured at two locations in surface waters of the western North Atlantic. Samples were collected upstream of the research vessel in 1-1 teflon bottles, and in a 30-1 teflon-coated Go-flo bottle. Surface mixed-layer samples were also collected at each location by ship cast using this same Go-flo sampler. A comparison of the three sampling modes shows that all the samples taken with the Go-flo sampler possessed much higher concentrations of zinc (7–10-fold) and lead (2–3-fold) than those collected directly in teflon bottles. No apparent differences were noted at each station in the concentrations of either copper or cadmium among the samples collected by the three different procedures. The measured values for copper and cadmium in these waters are in good agreement with recent reports for the western North Atlantic.     

A Novel Mechanical Gas-Tight Sampler for Hydrothermal Fluids

A new mechanical gas-tight sampler has been designed to collect hydrothermal fluids at the seafloor. A key feature of the sampler is the novel sample valve which is pressure balanced under deep sea, and actuated by the ram on a submersible's manipulator. The sampler is designed to be deployed at the seafloor 3000 m underwater and can be used to sample hydrothermal fluid with temperature up to 400degC. Compressed gas is used to compensate for pressure reduction of sample fluids. Simulation of the flow system was conducted to estimate the fill rate. The sampler has been tested successfully in the first Sino-American Cooperative Deep Submergence Project from August 13 to September 3, 2005.     

A sampler for quantitatively assessing the macrobenthic epifaunal community of a hard substrate

A quick and effective underwater quantitative quadrat sampler was designed for sampling macrobenthic epifauna on hard substrates. Using a 400 cm² quadrat, divers could take samples quickly and with little or no loss of organisms. The sampler can be used successfully in adverse conditions in the open ocean on any relatively flat substrate, regardless of its orientation.     

南黄海的海底侵蚀作用

１９９２年５月－１９９３年１０月期间,在南黄海及东海北部海域,利用大洋５０型表层取样器,重力活塞取样及底栖拖网等方法,对海底沉积进行了深入的调查,通过对所获样品的粒度,矿物含量,生物组合及年代地层学多学科综合性的分析研究表明,南黄海及东海北部陆架的沉积环境十分复杂,在南黄海高能侵蚀区海底广泛出露砂质沉积物,其分布范围与强潮夕及风暴潮的活动区相一致,在这些水动力的长期作用下,细粒物质逐渐被悬浮,搬运