月球平均运动和地球自转速率长期变化的潮汐耗散

利用1983～1994年(共11年)期间,全球人卫激光测距(SLR)观测网对Lageos-1卫星的观测资料,估算二阶重力场系数和潮汐参数。SLR和卫星测高的潮汐解被用来计算月球轨道根数相对黄道坐标系的长期变化和地球自转速率的长期变化。SLR确定的总的潮汐耗散引起的月球平均运动的长期变化为-24.78″/世纪2,与激光测月结果（(-24.9±1.0)″/世纪2) 非常一致。日月潮汐引起的地球自转速率的长期变化为 -5.25×10-22rad /s2,顾及地球扁率变化（2）的非潮汐效应,对应的日长变化为1.49 ms/世纪,与1620年以来的天文月掩星结果（1.4 ms/世纪）十分相符。本文还联合卫星测高和人卫激光测距确定的潮汐解,在月球平均运动和地球自转速率的长期变化中,分离出固体地球和海洋的耗散效应。     

南中国海TOPEX/POSEIDON轨迹交叉点测高数据的潮汐调和分析

讨论了由卫星测高数据进行潮汐分析的混叠问题和分潮的可分辨性;用ＴＯＰＥＸ／ＰＯ－ＳＥＩＤＯＮ海面重复轨迹交叉点测高数据计算南中国海１２个分潮（Ｓａ,Ｓｓａ,Ｍｍ,Ｍｆ,Ｑ１,Ｏ１,Ｐ１,Ｋ１,Ｎ２,Ｍ２,Ｓ２,Ｋ２）的调和常数;用不同方法验证了计算结果的精度,分析表明,分潮的振幅精度和潮高精度已达到±２ｃｍ,四个较大分潮（Ｏ１,Ｐ１,Ｋ１,Ｍ２）的迟角误差不超过±７°。其中Ｏ１,Ｋ１,和Ｍ２与验潮站实测值的最大偏差小于７°;给出了最大的全日和半日分潮（Ｋ１,Ｍ２）的潮波图。     

GPS,VLBI和SLR确定地心坐标的精度分析

为评价ＧＰＳ、ＶＬＢＩ和ＳＬＲ这３种空间技术确定地心坐标的真正实现精度,我们把３种技术在并置站上的地心坐标进行了相互比较。经过偏心改正和７个参数的转换后,可获得任意２种技术地心坐标不符值的加权中误差,以此作为外符精度。可以看出,ＶＬＢＩ与ＧＰＳ地心坐标三分量的外符精度在１ｃｍ之内,ＳＬＲ与ＶＬＢＩ和ＧＰＳ地心坐标三分量的外符精度在１～３ｃｍ之间。表明ＶＬＢＩ和ＧＰＳ实现的地心坐标精度比ＳＬＲ高一些     

SOKKIASET2CⅡ型电子全站仪的检验与研究

ＳＯＫＫＩＡＳＥＴ２ＣⅡ型电子全站仪的检验与研究１、引言ＳＯＫＫＩＡ公司，原ＳＯＫＫＩＳＨＡ公司自从与Ｃａｒｌｚｅｉｓｓ公司合作过两年以来，最迟于８０年代在德国知名。一段时间以来，ＳＫＫＩＡ公司用ＳＥＴ系列在世界市场上取得很大成就，在联邦德国也一样。...     

重力场长周期变化的观测与理论结果比较

利用Chandler摆动周期作为约束，估计了地幔滞弹性对地球二阶带谐响应系数κ、带谐位系数J2和卫星轨道升交点Ω的影响，理论预测的长周期潮汐参数被用来与人卫激光测距（SLR）观测结果进行比较。结果表明，SLR确定的长周期潮汐解已能检测到地幔滞弹性的影响。考虑地幔滞弹性和非平衡海洋潮汐效应后，理论预测的18．6a潮汐参数与SLR潮汐解基本相符。     

人卫激光测距数据中测量误差的统计分析

本文运用广度测量误差分布对人卫激光测距（ＳＬＲ）数据进行了分析，结果表明ＳＬＲ数据并不完全满足正态分布。文中还提出了一种判断ＳＬＲ数据信号和噪声的标准。建议应用稳健的自适应Ｌｐ估计方法代替已有的ＬＳ估计方法对ＳＬＲ资料进行数据预处理。     

人卫激光测距数据中测量误差的统计分析

本文运用广义测量误差分布（Ｐ范分布）对人卫激光测距（ＳＬＲ）数据进行了分析，结果表明ＳＬＲ数据并不完全满足正态分布。文中还提出了一种判断ＳＬＲ数据信号和噪声的标准。建议应用稳健的自适应Ｌｐ估计方法代替已有的ＬＳ估计方法对ＳＬＲ资料进行数据预处理。     

福建半日潮区理论度基准面值回归方程的建立

本文建立了福建半日潮海区Ｍ２,Ｓ２、Ｋ１,Ｏ１等４个主要分潮的平均振幅ＨＭ２、ＨＳ２、ＨＫ１、ＨＯ１与理论深度基准面值Ｌ之间的四元线性回归方程。     

VLBI软件及应用研究

本文系统地研究了ＶＬＢＩ天体测量和大地测量数据处理软件系统（ＣＡＬＣ／ＳＯＬＶＫ）。利用最新ＶＬＢＩ观测资料对各类天文地球动力学参数进行了精密的测定和研究。     

基于ＳｔａＭＰＳ方法的大坝形变监测可行性研究

利用时序ＩｎＳＡＲ技术的优势,以新疆ＷＬＬ水库大坝为研究对象,使用３１幅Ｓｅｎｔｉｎｅｌ－１Ａ影像,采用ＳｔａＭＰＳ 方法对其进行形变监测,得到大坝及周边区域的形变结果,并从内、外符合精度两个方面进行精度验证。结果表明, 研究区域ＰＳ点平均形变速率标准差区间为０．３～３．１ｍｍ／ａ;ＳｔａＭＰＳ与ＳＢＡＳ形变速率中误差为±５．７ｍｍ;与大 坝二等水准监测成果比较,垂直形变速率中误差为±５．０ｍｍ,垂直累积形变量中误差为±１０．２ｍｍ。从而证明 ＳｔａＭＰＳ方法在大坝形变监测应用中的可行性。     

随机模型对解算西安流动SLR站坐标的影响

合理的参数估计及精度评定不仅需要可靠的函数模型,而且需要正确的随机模型。从权函数和粗差编辑两方面,研究了不同随机模型对西安流动卫星激光测距（satellite laser ranging,SLR）站坐标解算的影响,采用全球Lageos-1卫星观测数据计算了西安流动SLR站坐标。计算结果表明:①西安流动SLR站的观测精度和坐标解算精度均达到厘米级。②随机模型直接影响SLR站坐标的解算结果及可靠性;对于相同的计算弧段,抗差方差分量估计得到的站坐标精度最高、结果最稳定,残差加权均方差最小,观测资料利用率也最高;对于相同的计算方案,采用的SLR数据越多,坐标估计精度越高。     

Ocean tides from T/P, ERS-1, and GEOSAT altimetry

 Aliasing of the diurnal and semi-diurnal tides is a major problem when estimating the ocean tides from satellite altimetry. As a result of aliasing, the tides become correlated and many years of altimeter observations may be needed to seperate them. For the three major satellite altimetry missions to date i.e., GEOSAT, ERS-1, and TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P), the alias periods as well as the Rayleigh periods over which the tides decorrelate can be identified. Especially in case of GEOSAT and ERS-1, severe correlation problems arise. However, it is shown by means of covariance analyses that the tidal phase advance differences on crossing satellite groundtracks can significantly reduce the correlations among the diurnal and semi-diurnal tides and among these tides and the seasonal cycles of ocean variability. Therefore, it has been attempted to solve a multi-satellite response tidal solution for the diurnal and semi-diurnal bands from a total of 7 years of altimetry. Unfortunately, it could be shown that the GEOSAT and ERS-1 orbit errors are too large to improve a 3-year T/P tidal solution with about 2 years of GEOSAT and 2 years of ERS-1 altimeter observations. However, these results are preliminary and it is expected that more accurate orbits, which have become available recently for ERS-1, and additional altimeter data from ERS-2 and the GEOSAT Follow-On (GFO) should lead to an improved T/P tidal model. Received: 4 May 1999 / Accepted: 24 January 2000     

南极中山站的重力和区域海洋潮汐特征

本文利用中山站弹簧重力仪记录的重力潮汐时间序列、验潮站数据、CATS2008区域和Eot11a全球海潮模型研究重力和海洋潮汐特征。结果表明,在周日频段,潮波O1的海潮振幅达到28 cm,4个主要潮波（Q1、O1、P1和K1）的全球模型与验潮站潮高差之和为4.2 cm,区域模型与验潮站潮高差之和为4.4 cm;在半日频段,潮波M2的海潮振幅达到20 cm,4个主要潮波（N2、M2、S2和K2）的潮高差之和分别为7.7 cm和5.1 cm,说明利用区域模型修正全球模型的重要性。经区域模型修正的全球海潮负荷改正后,重力主波K1、M2和S2的最终残差振幅分别下降了9.84%、56.14%和37.08%,说明区域海潮模型更能反映海洋潮汐的真实特征,用区域模型修正全球海潮模型的有效性得到验证。     

Analysis of decade-long time series of GPS-based polar motion estimates at 15-min temporal resolution

We present results from the generation of 10-year-long continuous time series of the Earth’s polar motion at 15-min temporal resolution using Global Positioning System ground data. From our results, we infer an overall noise level in our high-rate polar motion time series of 60 \(\upmu \hbox {as}\) (RMS). However, a spectral decomposition of our estimates indicates a noise floor of 4 \(\upmu \hbox {as}\) at periods shorter than 2 days, which enables recovery of diurnal and semidiurnal tidally induced polar motion. We deliberately place no constraints on retrograde diurnal polar motion despite its inherent ambiguity with long-period nutation. With this approach, we are able to resolve damped manifestations of the effects of the diurnal ocean tides on retrograde polar motion. As such, our approach is at least capable of discriminating between a historical background nutation model that excludes the effects of the diurnal ocean tides and modern models that include those effects. To assess the quality of our polar motion solution outside of the retrograde diurnal frequency band, we focus on its capability to recover tidally driven and non-tidal variations manifesting at the ultra-rapid (intra-daily) and rapid (characterized by periods ranging from 2 to 20 days) periods. We find that our best estimates of diurnal and semidiurnal tidally induced polar motion result from an approach that adopts, at the observation level, a reasonable background model of these effects. We also demonstrate that our high-rate polar motion estimates yield similar results to daily-resolved polar motion estimates, and therefore do not compromise the ability to resolve polar motion at periods of 2–20 days.     

Analysis of the first year of Earth rotation parameters with a sub-daily resolution gained at the CODE processing center of the IGS

 The solutions of the CODE Analysis Center submitted to the IGS, the International Global Position System (GPS) Service for Geodynamics, are based on three days of observation of about 80–100 stations of the IGS network. The Earth rotation parameters (ERPs) are assumed to vary linearly over the three days with respect to an a priori model. Continuity at the day boundaries as well as the continuity of the first derivatives are enforced by constraints. Since early April 1995 CODE has calculated a new ERP series with an increased time resolution of 2 hours. Again continuity is enforced at the 2-hours-interval boundaries. The analysis method is described, particularly how to deal with retrograde diurnal terms in the ERP series which may not be estimated with satellite geodetic methods. The results obtained from the first year of data covered by the time series (time interval from 4 April 1995 to 30 June 1996) are also discussed. The series is relatively homogeneous in the sense of the used orbit model and the a priori model for the ERPs. The largest source of excitation at daily and sub-daily periods is likely to be the effect of the ocean tides. There is good agreement between the present results and Topex/Poseidon ocean tide models, as well as with models based on Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data. Non-oceanic periodic variations are also observed in the series. Their origin is most probably a consequence of the GPS solution strategy; other possible sources are the atmospheric tides. Received: 13 July 1999 / Accepted: 21 March 2000     

DORIS、GPS和SLR空间大地测量技术导出的地心运动规律

用调和分析法分析DORIS、GPS和SLR 3种空间大地测量技术导出的地心运动时间序列。结果表明:地心长期运动不显著,但存在北向运动趋势,速度小于1mm/a;相对于DORIS和GPS,SLR导出的地心运动更符合地球物理模型计算的结果,用22aSLR数据导出的地心运动在X,Y,Z方向的周年运动振幅分别为2.8±0.2mm,2.7±0.2mm和6.1±0.2mm。     

Evaluation of CHAMP satellite orbit with SLR measurements

The technique of Evaluating CHAMP satellite orbit with SLR measurements is presented. As an independent evaluation of the orbit solution, SLR data observed from January 1 to 16, 2002 are processed to compute the residuals after fixing the GFZ's post science orbits solutions. The SLR residuals are computed as the differences of the SLR measurements minus the corresponding distances between the SLR station and the GPS-derived orbit positions. On the basis of the SLR residuals analysis, it is found that the accuracy of GFZ' s spost science orbits is better than 10 cm and that there is no systematic error in GFZ's post science orbits.     

Characterization of diurnal cycles in ZTD from a decade of global GPS observations

The diurnal cycle of the tropospheric zenith total delay (ZTD) is one of the most obvious signals for the various physical processes relating to climate change on a short time scale. However, the observation of such ZTD oscillations on a global scale with traditional techniques (e.g. radiosondes) is restricted due to limitations in spatial and temporal resolution. Nowadays, the International GNSS Service (IGS) provides an important data source for investigating the diurnal and semidiurnal cycles of ZTD and related climatic signals. In this paper, 10 years of ZTD data from 1997 to 2007 with a 2-hour temporal resolution are derived from global positioning system (GPS) observations taken at 151 globally distributed IGS reference stations. These time series are used to investigate diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations. Significant diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations of ZTD are found for all GPS stations used in this study. The diurnal cycles (24 hours period) have amplitudes between 0.2 and 10.9 mm with an uncertainty of about 0.5 mm and the semidiurnal cycles (12 h period) have amplitudes between 0.1 and 4.3 mm with an uncertainty of about 0.2 mm. The larger amplitudes of the diurnal and semidiurnal ZTD cycles are observed in the low-latitude equatorial areas. The peak times of the diurnal cycles spread over the whole day, while the peak value of the semidiurnal cycles occurs typically about local noon. These GPS-derived diurnal and semidiurnal ZTD signals are similar with the surface pressure tides derived from surface synoptic pressure observations, indicating that atmospheric tides are the main driver of the diurnal and semidiurnal ZTD variations.     

Differences between mean tide level and mean sea level

This paper discusses the differences between mean tide level (MTL) and mean sea level (MSL) as demonstrated using information from a global tide gauge data set. The roles of the two main contributors to differences between MTL and MSL (the M4 harmonic of the M2 semidiurnal tide, and the combination of the diurnal tides K1 and O1) are described, with a particular focus on the spatial scales of variation in MTL–MSL due to each contributor. Findings from the tide gauge data set are contrasted with those from a state-of-the-art global tide model. The study is of interest within tidal science, but also has practical importance regarding the type of mean level used to define land survey datums. In addition, an appreciation of MTL–MSL difference is important in the use of the historical sea level data used in climate change research, with implications for some of the data stored in international databanks. Particular studies are made of how MTL and MSL might differ through the year, and if MTL is measured in daylight hours only, as has been the practice of some national geodetic agencies on occasions in the past.