On the origin of Tasmanian dolerites

The Tasmanian dolerites, part of the Ferrar Province of Australia and Antarctica, have some trace‐element and isotopic compositions that suggest continental contamination of mantle‐derived magmas. The debate has centred on whether the contamination occurred during intrusion into the crust, or if the mantle source itself was contaminated. The behaviour of Sr and O isotopes suggests that the mantle source had a δ¹⁸O composition of +6‰ and an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.709, which supports the latter contention. Recently published Re–Os data likewise dismiss upper crustal contamination: Re–Os isotopic compositions of magnetite‐rich mineral separates from seven Tasmanian dolerites yield an isochron that gives the same age, within uncertainties, as other dating techniques, namely 175 ± 5 Ma. Moreover, Re–Os data from a study of Antarctic Ferrar Province samples lie on the same isochron and the data together give an age of 177.3 ± 3.5 Ma. The initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os of 0.125 ± 0.033 is the calculated mantle composition at the time. These results support previous models that attribute chemical features of the Ferrar magmas to re‐enrichment of a depleted mantle source region rather than processes involving assimilation of crust by basaltic magma.     

Regional and local magmatic anomalies and tectonics of rift zones between the Antarctic and South American plates

The study provides new understanding of magmatism at extinct and modern spreading zones around the western margin of East Antarctica from Bransfield Strait to the Bouvet Triple Junction (BTJ) in the Atlantic Ocean and reveals causes of geochemical heterogeneity of mantle magmatism during the early opening of the Southern Ocean. The results indicate the involvement of an enriched source component in the generation of parental melts, which was formed in several tectonic stages. The enriched (metasomatized) mantle generated at rift zones has geochemical characteristics typical of the western Gondwana lithosphere (with isotopic compositions similar to those inferred for the enriched HIMU and EM-2 sources). This mantle source may have been produced by the thermal erosion of the continental mantle during the early stages of the Karoo–Maud–Ferrar superplume activity. This enriched mantle generated in the apical parts of the plume (sub-oceanic) began to melt during tectonic displacement and fragmentation of Gondwana. The Bouvet Triple Junction, located along modern spreading zones between the Antarctic and South American plate, is characterized by a greater depth of melting and a higher degree of enrichment of primary tholeiitic magmas. The highest enrichment of magmas in this region is controlled by a contribution from a pyroxenite-rich component, which was also identified in the extinct spreading center in Powell Basin.     

Enriched mantle – Dupal signature in the genesis of the Jurassic Ferrar tholeiites from Prince Albert Mountains (Victoria Land, Antarctica)

The major, trace (including rare earth) element abundances, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions, have been analysed for andesitic basalt and andesitic sills and lavas of the Jurassic Ferrar Magmatic Province, Prince Albert Mountains, Antarctica. The typical “crustal signature” of the Ferrar magmatism, characterized by relatively high SiO₂, LREE and LILE contents in these samples, is associated with high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd. Systematic correlations of major and trace elements indicate that fractional crystallization was important. However, increases in incompatible elements are positively correlated with initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, suggestive of crustal assimilation processes. The observed correlations between initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and LREE enrichments have been modelled by an AFC process, starting from the least evolved sample and assuming the compositions of the orthogranulites of Victoria Land as contaminants. The REE patterns of the least evolved Ferrar rocks approach those of E-type MORB, differing only by higher LREE/IREE. The enrichment in LREE, accompanying high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd compared with E-type MORB, can be explained by interaction of “primary Ferrar basalt” with crystalline basement. We propose a petrological model whereby Ferrar magmas were generated through high degrees of melting of an E-type MORB mantle source, and subsequently these “primary” melts underwent AFC processes inheriting a crustal signature. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions required by the AFC model for the primary Ferrar basalt are similar to those of the Dupal signature of the oceanic basalts of the Southern Hemisphere (Hart 1984). Transantarctic Mountains would have been located inside the Dupal anomaly in pre-Gondwana dispersion times. Received: 21 April 1998 / Accepted: 25 January 1999     

Combined Sr,Nd, Pb and Li isotope geochemistry of alkaline lavas from northern James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula) and implications for back-arc magma formation

We present a comprehensive geochemical data set for a suite of back-arc alkaline volcanic rocks from James Ross Island Volcanic Group (JRIVG), Antarctic Peninsula. The elemental and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb and Li) composition of these Cenozoic basalts emplaced east of the Antarctic Peninsula is different from the compositions of the fore-arc alkaline volcanic rocks in Southern Shetlands and nearby Bransfield Strait. The variability in elemental and isotopic composition is not consistent with the JRIVG derivation from a single mantle source but rather it suggests that the magma was mainly derived from a depleted mantle with subordinate OIB-like enriched mantle component (EM II). The isotopic data are consistent with mantle melting during extension and possible roll-back of the subducted lithosphere of the Antarctic plate. Magma contamination by Triassic–Early Tertiary clastic sediments deposited in the back-arc basin was only localized and affected Li isotopic composition in two of the samples, while most of the basalts show very little variation in δ⁷Li values, as anticipated for “mantle-driven” Li isotopic composition. These variations are difficult to resolve with radiogenic isotope systematics but Li isotopes may prove sensitive in tracking complex geochemical processes acting through the oceanic crust pile, including hydrothermal leaching and seawater equilibration.     

Modeling of subduction components in the Genesis of the Meso-Cenozoic igneous rocks from the South Shetland Arc, Antarctica

Isotope data and trace elements concentrations are presented for volcanic and plutonic rocks from the Livingston, Greenwich, Robert, King George and Ardley islands (South Shetland arc, Antarctica). These islands were formed during subduction of the Phoenix Plate under the Antarctica Plate from Cretaceous to Tertiary. Isotopically (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_o ratios vary from 0.7033 to 0.7046 and (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_o ratios from 0.5127 to 0.5129. εNd values vary from +2.71 to +7.30 that indicate asthenospheric mantle source for the analysed samples. ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios vary from 38.12 to 38.70, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios are between 15.49 and 15.68, and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 18.28 to 18.81. The South Shetland rocks are thought to be derived from a depleted MORB mantle source (DMM) modified by mixtures of two enriched mantle components such as slab-derived melts and/or fluids and small fractions of oceanic sediment (EM I and EM II). The isotopic compositions of the subduction component can be explained by mixing between at least 4 wt.% of sediment and 96 wt.% of melts and/or fluids derived from altered MORB.     

Lithium isotopic evidence for subduction of the Indian lower crust beneath southern Tibet

Post-collisional K-rich volcanic rocks (KVRs) can provide an opportunity to constrain the architecture of the lithosphere and the mechanisms of plateau uplift. However, their petrogenesis and geodynamic setting remain in dispute. Lithium concentrations and isotopic compositions of 87 potassic, ultrapotassic and Mg-rich potassic volcanic rocks (PVRs, UPVs, and MPRs, respectively) in SW Tibet, along with new Pb–Sr–Nd isotope data and whole-rock analyses, are used to constrain their mantle source and genesis. These rocks are characterized by very similar δ⁷Li values: PVRs vary from −4.9‰ to +3.2‰, UPVs from −3.9‰ to +1.7‰, and MPRs from −1.2‰ to +3.5‰. They can be classified into two groups: Group I (19 out of 87 samples) with heavier δ⁷Li values (+1.0‰ to +3.5‰) similar to those reported for mid-ocean-ridge and ocean-island basalts (MORBs and OIBs, respectively), and Group II (68 out of 87 samples) with lighter values (−4.9‰ to +1.0‰) similar to those of Indian lower crust. These variable isotopic compositions may record the isotopic signature of the early-middle Miocene subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). This paper demonstrates the existence of isotopically light mantle domains beneath the Lhasa terrane, which were ascribed to the interaction with fluids/melts derived from the subducted Indian lower crust. The modeling curves of Indian lower crust with a metasomatized mantle composition fully account for compositional variations in the PVRs, UPVs, and MPRs. They were generated by the partial melting of SCLM, which was metasomatized by fluids/melts derived from the subducted Indian lower crust (ca. 4–14%, ca. 4–10%, and ca. 6–10% for the PVRs, UPVs, and MPRs, respectively). The Li isotopic data indicate that the Indian lower crust was subducted beneath the central Lhasa subterrane, and this sheds new light on the formation of the Tibet Plateau.     

祁连造山带中部拉脊山古地幔特征及其归属: 来自基性火山岩的地球化学证据

拉脊山火山岩带位于祁连造山带中部, 通过对该区早古生代基性火山岩系统的地球化学研究, 揭示该区早古生代地幔的性质及其地幔域的构造归属.研究表明, 拉脊山基性火山岩可以分为两类: Ⅰ类为大陆板内碱性玄武岩, 其稀土元素组成模式为轻稀土富集型, 并具有明显的Nb、Ta负异常, 而Zr、Hf无明显的负异常; Ⅱ类为与地幔柱活动有关的拉斑玄武岩, 具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB) 特征.稀土元素组成模式同样表现为轻稀土富集型, 但其富集程度比Ⅰ类基性火山岩的富集程度弱, 无Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf负异常.基性火山岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成特征显示, 基性火山岩的地幔源区具有亏损地幔(DM) 和第二类富集地幔(EMⅡ) 混合的特点, 而第二类富集地幔端元(EMⅡ) 占主导地位, 亏损地幔(DM) 物质混入的程度较低; 并具有Dupal异常的同位素特征.通过与华北南缘、北秦岭和扬子北缘西段地幔的Pb同位素组成相比, 表明拉脊山造山带古地幔与北秦岭、南秦岭西段和扬子北缘西段地幔的Pb同位素组成相似.进而表明拉脊山造山带古地幔属于扬子型富放射性成因铅地幔, 而非华北型贫放射性成因铅地幔      

东天山石炭纪企鹅山群火山岩岩石成因

土屋矿区南北大沟企鹅山群火山岩的岩石地球化学研究表明:东天山企鹅山群火山岩主要为拉斑系列,少量为钙碱系列;岩石类型为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩。稀土、微量元素和Sr、Nd同位素特点揭示:该火山岩系形成于大陆裂谷环境;其源区主要为软流圈地幔,同时有岩石圈地幔源组分卷入,酸性岩浆是玄武质岩浆结晶分异的产物。     

江苏盘石山二辉橄榄岩包体的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素特征

对盘石一带的６个二辉橄榄岩包体，３个单斜辉石的Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素，４个全岩、７个单斜辉石和１个斜方辉石的铅同位素进行了测定。结果表明，它们在亏损的岩石圈中经历了长时间的演化，其Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ、Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ、Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ同位素体系的相关性可能反映了不同时期的地幔过程。位于陆下岩石圈地幔中上部位的包体比下部岩石圈地幔具有相对亏损和不均一的同位素特征。     

Isotopic and chemical constraints on the crustal evolution and source signature of Ferrar magmas,north Victoria Land,Antarctica

Isotopic (Nd and Sr) and chemical compositions of the 177 Ma Kirkpatrick Basalt and Ferrar Dolerite from north Victoria Land, Antarctica, are examined in order to address the role of crustal assimilation and the characteristics of their mantle source. Results for the Scarab Peak chemical type (SPCT) that constitutes the flow unit capping the lava sequence [Mg-number, Mg/(Mg+Fe⁺²)=24, MgO=2.4%, SiO₂=57.1%, initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.7087–0.7097, (ε_Nd=−4.3) conform previous reports that attribute variations in the concentrations of the more mobile elements and calculated initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr to mid-Cretaceous alteration and elevated δ¹⁸O to low-temperature interaction with meteoric water. The underlying lavas and the sills that are of the Mt. Fazio chemical type (MFCT) display a much wider range of both chemical and isotopic compositions (Mg-number=40–65, MgO=3.7 7.5%; SiO₂=52.6–58.3%, initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.7087–0.7117, ε_Nd=−5.6 to −4.8). The effects of rock alteration on apparent initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr are demonstrated by large differences between the initial ratio of mineral separates or leached fractions and whole rocks. Cretaceous alteration produced Rb and Sr redistribution within the lava sequence that results in erroneous calculated initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. These effects are responsible for the large initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr variations previousl7 proposed which, combined with the large range in whole-rock δ¹⁸O, were purported to show very large degrees of crustal assimilation. The variations in ε_Nd are restricted and indicate much smaller degrees of assimilation. The least altered of the MFCT rocks show good chemical and isotopic correlations that can be integrated into a model involving fractionation of pyroxene and plagioclase coupled with assimilation of material similar to early Paleozoic basement. The lower⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and higher ε_Nd of the SPCT suggest that they were derived by extensive fractionation of a more primitive, less contaminated, precursor of the MFCT. The most isotopically primitive Ferrar rocks from the region still have a high initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and low initial¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd; this may reflect either earlier assimilation or an enriched source. The chemical and isotopic similarities, as well as the close geographic correspondence of the Ferrar Group to granitoids produced during the early Paleozoic Ross Orogeny suggest that in either case Ross-type material may have been involved in the development of the enriched isotopic signature. Editorial responsibility: I. Parsons     

东太平洋洋隆Siqueiros转换断层带的地球化学特征

东太平洋洋隆Siqueiros转换断层带(西经103°～104°、北纬8°20′～8°30′),位于中美洲之西可可斯板块与太平洋板块交接处(图1)。该转换断层的玄武岩,成分从原始的到富化的,变化很大。最原始的玄武岩产于A-B走滑断层内,其MgO含量高达14.91%;最富化的玄武岩产在西部洋脊与转换断层交叉部位,其MgO含量较低,成分变化大。转换断层内的洋中脊玄武岩可分三类:富化的洋脊玄武岩(E-MORB)、原始的正常洋脊玄武岩(PrimitiveN-MORB)和正常洋脊玄武岩(N-MORB)。Siqueiros转换断层区已确定有两个地幔源:一个位于转换断层西部下面的富集地幔,其特点是稀土总量高,富轻稀土,低MgO、K2O和TiO2,而高87Sr/86Sr;另一个是位于转换断层中-东部下面的亏损地幔,来自这个地幔源的玄武岩具有低87Sr/86Sr、低稀土元素和微量元素含量,但MgO含量较高。     

中国东北软流圈地幔中的原始橄榄岩质地幔:来自大兴安岭地区新生代玄武岩的地球化学证据

为了进一步了解中国东北新生代玄武岩地幔源区的物质属性,报道了大兴安岭哈拉哈河-柴河地区新生代玄武岩的全岩主量、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb、Hf同位素组成.哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩属钠质碱性系列,具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的微量元素特征,如富集大离子亲石元素（LILEs）、明显的Nb、Ta正异常等.它们具有中等亏损的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成（87Sr/86Sr=0.703 5~0.703 9、ε_Nd=5.21~6.55、ε_Hf=10.00~11.25）,接近中国东部新生代玄武岩的亏损端元.这些玄武岩具有中等的放射成因Pb同位素组成（206Pb/204Pb=18.37~18.57、207Pb/204Pb=15.52~15.54和208Pb/204Pb=38.24~38.43）,在206Pb/204Pb-207Pb/204Pb相关图上位于4.42~4.45 Ga的地球等时线之间.它们在Sr-Nd-Pb同位素相关图中均落入地幔柱来源的、高3He/4He比（>30R_a）的洋岛玄武岩范围内,暗示其源区可能存在来自深部地幔的古老原始地幔物质.此外,这些玄武岩具有高MgO（8.49%~11.58%）、高Ni（174×10-6~362×10-6）和高Mg#（59.1~66.9）的特征,表明它们接近于原始岩浆的成分.反演的哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩的原始岩浆组成具有中等的SiO₂、低Al₂O₃以及高CaO/Al₂O₃比的特征,与石榴子石橄榄岩高压（>2.5 GPa）实验熔体的成分相当,暗示玄武岩的源区岩性最可能为橄榄岩.对以原始地幔（而不是亏损地幔）的微量元素为初始成分的饱满石榴子石二辉橄榄岩进行低程度（1%~2%）部分熔融的模拟计算,产生的熔体与哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩具有一致的微量元素特征,这进一步支持了上述推断.综上所述,认为大兴安岭地区哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩的源区含有来自深部地幔的古老的橄榄岩质原始地幔组分.      

Significance of orthopyroxene and major element constraints on the petrogenesis of Ferrar tholeiites from southern Prince Albert Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica

The least evolved Jurassic Ferrar tholeiites from southern Prince Albert Mountains (Antarctica) are characterized by the occurrence of orthopyroxene (opx), a mineralogical feature virtually absent in the tholeiites from the large igneous provinces of Karoo (South Africa) and Paraná (Brazil). Petrography suggests that opx is the early phase in the sequence of crystallization and mineral chemistry indicates that it is in equilibrium with the host rock. In general, MELTS modeling predicts that opx is the liquidus phase in the Ferrar tholeiites with MgO higher than ~7 wt% at P=1.5-5 kbar, H₂O=0-1 wt% and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaaiaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiabdAga % MTWaaSbaaeaacqqGpbWtaeqaaWWaaSbaaeaadaWgaaqaaiabikdaYa % qabaaabeaakiabg2da9iabbgfarjabbAeagjabb2eanjabgkHiTiab % igdaXiaaysW7cyGGSbaBcqGGVbWBcqGGNbWzaaa!381A! = QFM - 1 f_{\rm O} _{_2 } = {\rm QFM} - 1\;\log unit conditions. MELTS results also show that the early crystallization of opx is primarily controlled by high SiO₂ and high SiO₂/CaO, chemical characteristics typical of the Ferrar tholeiites, but not shown by the Karoo and Paraná analogs with similar MgO content. Major element geochemistry of the least evolved Ferrar tholeiite has been modeled through fractional crystallization and fractional crystallization coupled with crustal assimilation processes, starting from natural peridotite-derived experimental melts. Mass balance and MELTS modeling support the argument that theoretical magma compositions suitable to be primary to the least evolved Ferrar tholeiites are compatible with hydrous (H₂O=0.3-0.5 wt%) and anhydrous melts obtained at 10-15 kbar by high melting degrees (>25%) of fertile and depleted spinel lherzolites, respectively, and later contaminated by the high-grade metamorphic rocks from the Victoria Land crystalline basement. The genesis of primary Ferrar tholeiites does not necessarily reflect the generally assumed depleted source mantle being also compatible with a fertile one.     

东天山板块缝合带石炭纪火山岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素特征及其大地构造意义

对东天山沿康古尔塔格缝合带分布的企鹅山群和梧桐窝子组火山岩的地球化学特征及Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd同位素进行了系统研究。结果显示：企鹅山群火山岩富集LREE,Eu异常变化较大（从明显负异常到微弱正异常）,富集Sr、Ba和U等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Zr、Ti等高场强元素,Sr-Nd同位素特征是I_Sr=0.703 97~0.704 26,ε_Nd(t)=5.61~6.99,具有亏损地幔性质,表明其岩浆源区可能来自古生代期间被古亚洲洋俯冲板片释放的流体/熔体交代过的岩石圈地幔楔;梧桐窝子组玄武岩富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素,而高场强元素没有明显负异常,样品的ε_Nd值都在9以上,I_Sr(330 Ma)为0.704 71~0.705 33,表明梧桐窝子组玄武岩可能来自亏损的软流圈地幔的部分熔融。企鹅山群和梧桐窝子组火山岩在Zr-Zr/Y判别图解中分别落在岛弧拉斑玄武岩（IAB）和板内玄武岩（WPB）范围内,表明企鹅山群可能为准噶尔洋盆向南俯冲形成的石炭纪岛弧火山岩,而梧桐窝子组火山岩可能形成于在弧后盆地的基础上拉张为裂陷槽的伸展环境。     

Mantle processes during Gondwana break-up and dispersal

This paper reviews the Mesozoic continental flood basalts (CFBs) associated with the break-up and dispersal of Gondwana from 185-60 Ma, the conditions for melt generation in mantle plumes and within the continental mantle lithosphere, and possible causes for lithospheric extension. The number of CFB provinces within Gondwana is much less than the number of mantle plumes that are likely to have been emplaced beneath it in the 300 Ma prior to its initial break-up. Also, the difference between the age of the peak of CFB volcanism and that of the oldest adjacent ocean crust decreases with the age of volcanism during the break-up and dispersal of Gondwana. The older CFBs of Karoo and Ferrar appear to have been derived largely from source regions within the mantle lithosphere. It is only in the younger Paranâ-Etendeka and Deccan CFBs that there are igneous rocks with major, trace element and radiogenic isotope ratios indicative of melting within a mantle plume. These younger CFBs are also clearly associated with hot spot traces on the adjacent ocean floor. The widespread 180 Ma magmatic event is attributed to partial melting within the lithosphere in response to thermal incubation over 300 Ma. In the case of the Ferrar (Antarctica) this was focussed by regional plate margin forces. The implication is that supercontinents effectively self-destruct in response to the build up of heat and resultant magmatism, since these effects significantly weaken the lithosphere and make it more susceptible to break-up in response to regional tectonics. The younger CFB of Paranâ-Etendeka was generated, at least in part, because the continental lithosphere had been thinned in response to regional tectonics. While magmatism in the Deccan was triggered by the emplacement of the plume, that too may have been beneath slightly thinned lithosphere.     

Isotopic composition of strontium and neodymium in potassic rocks of the Little Murun complex, Aldan Shield, Siberia

This paper presents the first data on the isotopic composition of Nd and Sr in ultrapotassic rocks of the Little Murun complex, Aldan Shield, Siberia. The samples analysed include a Sr---Ba-carbonatite and rocks belonging to the biotite pyroxenite-shonkinite series. The latter are representative of rocks termed “lamproites” by previous investigators of the complex. The rocks have isotopic compositions that indicate derivation from ancient sources that have higher Rb/Sr and lower Sm/Nd ratios than those of bulk Earth. The samples define an array on a Sr---Nd correlation diagram, suggesting that the isotopic composition of Sr and Nd in the rocks is a mixture of two components: a dominant one derived from an ancient lithospheric mantle source that has been isolated from convecting mantle, and a minor component of asthenospheric origin. We do not consider that any of the samples analysed are lamproites, although our isotopic data suggest that conditions in the lithospheric mantle in this region are suitable for the generation of lamproites. The potassic rocks from the Aldan shield have isotopic compositions that are similar to those of potassic rocks in the Wyoming craton. It is proposed that the geochemical evolution of the two shields was broadly similar.     

拉萨地块西段中新世赛利普超钾质火山岩富集地幔源区和岩石成因:Li同位素制约

作为一种“非传统稳定同位素”,锂同位素地球化学研究已经成为近年来国际上研究的热点之一.文章成功应用锂同位素对青藏高原西南部赛利普超钾质火山岩进行了示范研究.研究表明,赛利普超钾质火出岩的w(Li)为11.2×10-6～22.9× 10-6,同位素组成δ7Li为1.2‰～+3.5‰,平均值为0 2‰,与平均上地壳的相当.超钾质火山岩的锂同位素组成与岩浆结晶分异程度参数之间不存在任何相关性,这表明在超钾质火山岩结晶分异过程中没有发生明显的锂同位素分馏,锂同位素组成特征反映了其形成时的源区特征.超钾质火山岩的锂同位素组成变化范围达4.7‰,并且与pb-Sr-Nd同位素和岩浆结晶分异参数之间亦无任何相关性,表明锂同位素异常可能反映了不均匀源区岩石特征.通过计算模拟以及与前人的类似研究成果进行对比,笔者认为俯冲印度地壳而不是特提斯洋壳(包括沉积物)的流体/熔体参与了超钾质火山岩的源区富集,并在此基础上提出了超钾质火山岩成因模式.     

苏皖地区幔源橄榄岩捕瞄虏体的锇同位素组成、模式年龄及其意义

苏皖地区发育的新生代玄武岩中富含地幔橄榄岩捕虏体，测定了25个橄榄岩全岩的锇同位素组成。结果表明大部分样品呈亏损特征,187Os/188Os=0.119～0.129.Os同位素比值与主量成分之间有显著的相关性.采用187Os/188Os-Al2O3代用等时线方法,由截距得到初始值(187Os/188Os)0=0.109,在对流地幔的187Os/188Os比值演化线上获得模式年龄t=2.5(±0.1)Ga,为晚太古-早元古代。用样品组中最低的锇同位素组成,即187Os/188Os=0.119,计算Re亏损模式年龄,t=1.2Ga,为中元古代。表明苏皖地区新生代玄武岩中的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体具有古老的形成年龄,它们是经过显生宙减薄作用后的残余地幔的碎片。大陆岩石圈地幔的古老形成年龄与上覆地壳克拉通的古老稳定年龄相耦合。     

Strontium isotopic geochemistry of the volcanic rocks and associated megacrysts and inclusions from Ross Island and vicinity,Antarctica

Twelve whole-rock samples of volcanic rocks and a composite of 11 basanitoid samples from Ross Island and vicinity, Antarctica show a narrow range of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios from 0.7030₅ to 0.7033₉. This range is consistent with a model of differentiation from a single parent magma, but the data allow a 30% variation in the ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr ratio in the source region if the average ratio is less than 0.057 and if the source region has existed as a closed system for 1.5 b.y. Megacrysts of titaniferous augite, kaersutite, and anorthoclase are isotopically indistinguishable from the host volcanic rocks and therefore are probably cogenetic with the volcanic sequence. A single trachyte sample is isotopically distinct from the rest of the volcanic rocks and probably was contaminated with crustal strontium.Ultramafic and mafic nodules found in association with basanitoids and trachybasalts have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios ranging from 0.7027₅ to 0.7057₅. Several of these nodules exhibit evidence of reaction with the melt and are isotopically indistinguishable from their hosts, but data for seven granulite-facies nodules show an apparent isochronal relationship. Although this isochron may be fortuitous, the resulting age of 158±22 m.y. is similar to ages reported for the voluminous Ferrar Dolerites, and suggests isotopic re-equilibration within the lower crust and upper mantle. These nodules are not genetically related to the Ferrar Dolerites, as evidenced by their lower initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios.Three ultramafic nodules are texturally and isotopically distinct from the rest of the analyzed nodules. These are friable, have larger ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, and may represent a deeper sampling of mantle rock than the granulite-facies nodules. They were, however, derived at a shallower depth than the alkalic magma. Thus they are not genetically related to either the magma or the granulite-facies nodules.     

Os, Pb, and Nd isotope geochemistry of the Permian Emeishan continental flood basalts: Insights into the source of a large igneous province

The nature of the source of continental flood basalts (CFB) is a highly debated topic. Proposed mantle sources for CFBs, including both high- and low-Ti basalts, include subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), asthenospheric mantle, and deep, plume-related mantle. Re-Os isotope systematics can offer important constraints on the sources of both ocean island basalts (OIB) and CFB, and may be applied to distinguish different possible melt sources. This paper reports the first Re-Os isotope data for the Late Permian Emeishan large igneous province (LIP) in Southwest China. Twenty one CFB samples including both low- and high-Ti basalts from five representative sites within the Emeishan LIP have been analyzed for Os, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions. The obtained Os data demonstrate that crustal assimilation affected Os isotopic compositions of some Emeishan basalt samples with low Os concentrations but not all of the samples, and the Emeishan basalts with high Os contents likely experienced the least crustal contamination. The low and high-Ti basalts yield distinct Os signatures in terms of ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os and Os content. The low-Ti basalt with the highest Os concentration (400 ppt) has a radiogenic Os isotopic composition (γOs(t), +6.5), similar to that of plume-derived OIB. Because the Os isotopic composition of basalts with relatively high Os concentrations (typically >50 ppt) likely represents that of their mantle source, this result implies a plume-derived origin for the low-Ti basalts. On the other hand, the high-Ti basalts with high Os concentration (over 50 ppt) have unradiogenic Os isotopic signatures (γOs(t) values range from −0.8 to −1.4), suggesting that a subcontinental lithosphere mantle (SCLM) component most likely contributed to the generation of these magmas. Combining Pb and Nd isotopic tracers with the Os data, we demonstrate that the low-Ti basaltic magmas in the Emeishan CFB were mainly sourced from a mantle plume reservoir, whereas the high-Ti basaltic magmas were most likely derived from a SCLM reservoir or were contaminated by a significant amount of lithospheric mantle material during plume-related magma ascent through the SCLM.