1998年南极中山站海洋气溶胶的化学组成及其来源判别

从1998年3月7日至1999年3月2日历时12个月,在南极中山站连续采集52个海洋气溶胶样品,提供全部样品的13种化学元素铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、铝、锰、铬、钒、钾、钠、钙、镁含量的实测值.研究表明中山站气溶胶化学成分的含量具有季节性变化的特征.通过富集因子、相关分析、因子分析等方法判别中山站气溶胶化学成分的来源.     

西太平洋、东印度洋、南大洋和中山站海域气溶胶的化学组成及其来源判别

1999年11月至2000年4月，在中国第16次南极科学考察往返航线上的海域，采集了22个海洋气溶胶样品，用原子吸收分光法测定了样品中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Fe、A1、Mn、Cr、V、K、Na、Ca、Mg等13种元素的含量．研究表明气溶胶重金属微量元素的分布具有明显的地理区域性．应用元素富集因子、相关分析和因子分析等方法研究了西太平洋、东印度洋、南大洋、中国南极中山站邻近海域气溶胶中各元素的来源．     

南极中山站和企鹅岛变质岩类造岩矿物的矿物化学及其变质作用

本文利用电子探针分析了南极中山站和企鹅岛变质岩类岩石中主要造岩矿物(石榴石、斜长石、黑云母和角闪石)的化学组成,利用矿物地质温度计和各种成因判别图解,确定中山站变质岩类岩石的变质程度为高角闪岩相;企鹅岛变质岩类岩石的变质程度为低角闪岩相。     

南极中山站榴闪岩的变质作用

南极中山站榴闪岩,主要由石榴石、角闪石、石英和斜长石组成。它形成于610～640℃、0.5～O.6GPa的中高压角闪岩相变质条件,是基性岩深成变质作用的产物。     

海洋悬浮物的化学组成及物质来源

对取自于大西洋和太平洋的９个海水悬 物样品及英吉利海峡１个凤成悬浮和折４３种常量和微量元素的化学组成进行了探讨。用Ｑ因子分解法将所得的结果与悬浮物可能来源的标准组成进行了比较，在所研究的海水悬浮物的样品中，生源和陆源的作用基本相同。     

南极中山站1995年异常天气特点的分析

本文以第十一次南极考察队在中山站气象观测和天气分析预报资料收集情况，对中山站现场观测资料分析统计，并与建站以来历次考察队在中山站观测资料进行对比，得出了１９９５年中山站天气比历次观测年份异常，在１～５月份天气特点雪多，阴天多，日照短，７月份气温异常高，月平均气温比一般年份要高出９．８℃，大风日数２８天，极大风速达４７．２ｍ／ｓ。     

环球海洋大气气溶胶化学研究

1986年11月—1987年5月,在中国第三次南极考察和环球科学考察期间,收集了58个海洋气溶胶样品,采用中子活化法分析了Al,V,Mn,I,Br,Mg,Na,Cl等元素。应用因子分析、回归分析和富集因子分析对气溶胶中元素进行分类、定量评估和来源判别,讨论不同来源元素的特征,计算各主要来源的贡献分量。结果表明,海洋气溶胶中Al的99.99％是来自陆源地壳风化物,Na的99.2％。和Cl的99.99％是来自海水,V的91.4％。来自陆源污染物。因此,Al可作为海洋气溶胶中陆源地壳风化物的示踪元素,Na和Cl可作为海水源示踪元素,非地壳源的V则可选择为陆源污染物的示踪元素。     

南极中山站外普里兹湾底泥的矿物组成及其硅藻类

作者对南极中山站外普里兹湾捞取的锚底样品(76°26′E,69°22′S)进行了矿物谱学和硅藻类研究。 1 矿物组成特点 样品全样X 荧光定量分析表明,其SiO_2=69.12％,TiO_2=0.05％,Al_2O_3=6.02％,FeO(全铁)=3.33％,MnO=0.02％,MgO=1.83％,CaO=6.60％,Na_2O=1.99％,K_2O=1.12％,S=1.25％。 利用红外光谱仪对底泥样品进行定性分析表明,胶体SiO_2(蛋白石类)超过70％,碳酸盐及长英质矿物30％左右。     

海洋大气气溶胶的离子色谱分析

对分析方法如采样滤膜的均匀性，滤膜上阴，阳离子的萑萃取率，方法的精密度和检出限等进行了基础性研究，并采用该方法测定了厦门海域大气中的Ｃｌ＾－，Ｆ＾－，ＳＯ＾２－４，ＮＯ＾－３，ＮＨ＾＋４和Ｎａ＾＋。本文法有较高的灵敏度，重现性好，可同时测定多种无机离子，适用于海洋大气气溶胶分析。     

西北太平洋及中国东部近海秋季海洋气溶胶分布特征

2015年9月,分两个航次同时对西北太平洋及中国东部近海上空海洋气溶胶进行采集.对样品中的Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、NH~+_4、NO~-_3、SO~(2-)_4、甲基磺酸(MSA)等9种组分进行了分析,结合数理统计方法探究两个海域上空海洋气溶胶的来源.结果表明西北太平洋及中国东部近海海域气溶胶来源具有显著差异,西北太平洋海域气溶胶以海盐来源为主,中国东部近海海域则受陆源气溶胶影响较大,K~+、Ca~(2+)及二次气溶胶含量明显高于西北太平洋;此外,中国东部近海海域气溶胶中MSA含量平均值高于西北太平洋.本研究还估算了NH~+_4、NO~-_3、SO~(2-)_4在两个海域的干沉降通量,中国东部近海营养盐气溶胶干沉降通量远大于西北太平洋,营养盐的输入有利于海洋初级生产力的提高,也会促进生物来源气溶胶的产生.     

Characteristics of sulfate in atmosphere over Xiamen waters and its fluxes to waters

One hundred and seven marine aerosol samples were collected during December 1988 to March 1990, and 3 dry deposition samples, 16 rain samples and 2 Cascade Impacter samples were collected from March to May 1990 at the southeast coast of the Xiamen Island. All the samples were analyzed for SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Na+ , NH4+, using ion chromatography.The results indicate that the concentration of sulfate in marine aerosols over the Xiamen waters appears to be of seasonal variation, in an order of winter > spring > autumn > summer. The mean sulfate concentration lor the total marine aerosol samples over the Xiamen waters is 9. 37 μg/m3, respectively 0. 89 and 8. 48 μg/m3 for the seasalt and non-sea-salt sulfate. The distribution of sulfate shows a bimodal form with a peak in the coarse particle range which is derived from the sea-salt sulfate, and a peak in the fine particle range which is derived from the non-sea-salt sulfate. The total deposition of sulfate to the Xiamen waters is estimated to be 4. 68g/m2      

几种鲍壳主要化学组成的研究

本研究对九孔鲍和皱纹盘鲍鲍壳的几项主要化学成分进行了测定分析，对这两种鲍不同鲍龄鲍壳的化学成分的差异进行了研究。结果表明，这两种鲍鲍壳在总氮和磷含量上存在着显著差异；在磷、铁、锡和铅和含量上成鲍明显大于幼鲍。     

3种处理对纤细角毛藻生长及细胞生化组成的影响

纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)是海水养殖育苗过程中重要的饵料生物,其生长速度和营养成分组成对育苗的效率和质量都有重要意义.本研究通过单因子试验研究了温度、盐度和超声波3种处理方式对纤细角毛藻生长、蛋白质和总脂占比的影响.结果表明,温度和盐度都显著影响纤细角毛藻的生长,5~40 min的超声波处理不影响纤细角毛藻的生长;纤细角毛藻生长的最适条件是温度为25℃,盐度为25;3种处理方式对纤细角毛藻的蛋白质和总脂占比都有显著影响,其中超声波处理影响最显著,短时间处理(5 min)能使蛋白质占比达到最高值,长时间处理(40 min)能使总脂占比达到最高值.本研究的实验结果可以作为饵料微藻二段培养所采用条件的参考依据.     

The Increase of Biogenic Sulfate Aerosol and Particle Number in Marine Atmosphere over the Northwestern North Pacific

During a cruise aboard the R/V Hakuho-maru in the northwestern North Pacific in the summer of 1998 the particle number concentrations and the major ionic components of size fractionated aerosols were measured to investigate the aerosol produced by marine biological activity. Continuous low concentrations of nitrate (<1.8 nmol m⁻³), similar to the marine air background level, were found over the northwestern North Pacific (40–45°N) and the Sea of Okhotsk (44–45°N). Over the Sea of Okhotsk, a high concentration of chlorophyll-a (5.4 mg m⁻³) in seawater was observed, and atmospheric concentrations of non sea-salt (nss-) sulfate (44 nmol m⁻³), methane sulfonic acid (MSA) (1.8 nmol m⁻³) and particle number in the size range of 0.1 < D < 0.5 μm (199 cm⁻³) were found to be 9, 7, and 2 times, respectively, higher than those in the background marine air. The increase in particle number concentrations mainly in the size range of 0.2 < D < 0.3 μm was likely caused by the increase of biogenic sulfate over the high productive region of the Sea of Okhotsk. In humid air conditions (R.H. > 96%), the increased biogenic sulfate that condensed the large amount of water vapor would not have sufficient solute mass to activate as cloud condensation nuclei (CNN) and would remain as aerosol particles in the marine air with frequent sea-fogs over the high productive region. Biogenic sulfate originating from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) would gradually grow into the CCN size and continuously supply a great number of CCN to the marine air in the northwestern North Pacific. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黄海、东海上空春季气溶胶光学特性观测分析

2003年春季国家卫星海洋应用中心等几家单位在黄海和东海海区进行了为期40 d的二类水体信息测量试验,试验中使用手持太阳辐射计对海区上空大气光学特性进行了观测,并获得了大量晴空天气条件下的大气光学数据.利用本次试验获取的测量数据得到了黄海、东海海区春季的大气气溶胶光学特性,其中包括气溶胶光学厚度和气溶胶粒子谱分布.采用Langley方法对测量得到的太阳直射辐射量进行处理得到了海区上空气溶胶光学厚度,利用得到的气溶胶光学厚度来反演气溶胶粒子谱分布.反演结果表明无云情况下黄海、东海上空的气溶胶光学厚度在0.2~0.4左右,且气溶胶粒子谱分布的变化趋势也很接近;海区上空霾层较厚时测量得到的气溶胶光学厚度明显增大,最大接近0.8;气溶胶粒子谱分布的变化趋势发生了明显的变化.     

南大洋大气有机胺分布及来源特征研究

依托中国第36次南极科学考察,利用船载走航气溶胶及气体组分在线分析仪对南大洋大气中气态和颗粒态有机胺进行了在线观测。获得了南大洋开阔海域及普里兹湾大气中高分辨气态和颗粒态有机胺的组成及分布,并对其来源特征进行了分析。结果表明：南大洋大气有机胺以气态三甲胺（TMA）和二甲胺（DMA）为主要存在形态,其均值分别为(104.0±285.2)、(3.5±6.0) ng/m3。普里兹湾大气中有机胺的平均浓度显著高于南大洋开阔海域,气态TMA和DMA均值分别达到(289.0±396.6)、(5.6±16.1) ng/m3。南大洋大气中气态TMA、DMA和氨气（NH3）在不同区域内均具有良好的线性关系,表明三者具有同源性。从来源分析,南大洋大气有机胺主要受到海洋生物活动的影响,但在海冰边缘区及南极近岸海域,企鹅等动物的生物活动会导致大气中有机胺的浓度显著升高。     

东南极中山站陆缘固定冰2011/2012年度的时空变化

Annual observations of first-year ice(FYI) and second-year ice(SYI) near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica,were conducted for the first time from December 2011 to December 2012. Melt ponds appeared from early December 2011. Landfast ice partly broke in late January, 2012 after a strong cyclone. Open water was refrozen to form new ice cover in mid-February, and then FYI and SYI co-existed in March with a growth rate of 0.8 cm/d for FYI and a melting rate of 2.7 cm/d for SYI. This difference was due to the oceanic heat flux and the thickness of ice,with weaker heat flux through thicker ice. From May onward, FYI and SYI showed a similar growth by 0.5 cm/d.Their maximum thickness reached 160.5 cm and 167.0 cm, respectively, in late October. Drillings showed variations of FYI thickness to be generally less than 1.0 cm, but variations were up to 33.0 cm for SYI in March,suggesting that the SYI bottom was particularly uneven. Snow distribution was strongly affected by wind and surface roughness, leading to large thickness differences in the different sites. Snow and ice thickness in Nella Fjord had a similar "east thicker, west thinner" spatial distribution. Easterly prevailing wind and local topography led to this snow pattern. Superimposed ice induced by snow cover melting in summer thickened multi-year ice,causing it to be thicker than the snow-free SYI. The estimated monthly oceanic heat flux was ～30.0 W/m2 in March–May, reducing to ～10.0 W/m2 during July–October, and increasing to ～15.0 W/m2 in November. The seasonal change and mean value of 15.6 W/m2 was similar to the findings of previous research. The results can be used to further our understanding of landfast ice for climate change study and Chinese Antarctic Expedition services.