抗滑短桩加固滑坡体模型试验三维数值模拟分析

为解决抗滑短桩加固滑坡体理论研究不满足工程应用需要的现状,本文采用基于快速拉格朗日算法的FLAC3D软件,对桩长变化的抗滑短桩加固碎石土滑坡全过程进行三维有限元模拟,通过分析滑体位移、应力、抗滑短桩位移和桩身弯矩的变化规律,研究抗滑短桩的受力变形特性及桩土相互作用机理。研究表明:经抗滑短桩加固后的滑坡,稳定性显著提高;随着桩长增加,桩后应力分布越均匀,抗滑短桩与桩周土体的整体性越好,滑体最大位移逐渐减小,有效抑制滑体位移;当桩长小于60 cm时,滑体出现"越顶"现象,在楔形体前缘顶部形成了贯通滑动面,且发生较小范围的失稳破坏;当桩体自由段与滑体厚度比值为0.52~0.59时,加固效果最理想。研究结果对抗滑短桩加固滑坡体的抗滑机理予以补充。     

深层搅拌桩施工挤土效应分析

深层搅拌桩作为软土地基处理的一种新方法,正越来越多地被应用到基础工程中去。实践证明,深层搅拌桩也存在挤土效应。结合工程实例,对相关的墙体侧向位移和管道沉降的监测数据进行了分析,总结出了搅拌桩挤土效应的特点及其在不同的施工工艺所表现出来的规律,并分析了可能导致这些规律的原因。用Sagaseta的源-汇理论得到的位移计算公式对这些规律进行了研究。     

桩-网复合地基承载及变形特性的有限元分析

采用ABAQUS有限元软件,通过有限元数值模拟的方法分析了路堤荷载作用下桩-网复合地基中土工合成材料刚度、垫层厚度、桩体模量以及桩间距对复合地基的荷载传递特性、桩-土应力比、路基的表面沉降及侧向位移的影响。总结、分析计算结果,获得了桩-网复合地基承载及变形的一些基本特性,如：增加土工合成材料刚度,可显著地减小桩-土差异沉降和路基侧向位移,并增加桩-土应力比;增加垫层厚度,可明地改善桩-土荷载分担比和桩-土应力比等力学性状。这些结果对桩-网复合地基的设计与施工具有一定的指导意义。     

基于滑块位移法大桩帽刚性短桩荷载传递特性分析

通过分析室内模型试验和数值模拟成果发现,随着荷载的不断增加,大桩帽刚性短桩桩帽下地基土体最终发生侧向整体剪切滑移破坏,而下部桩体则发生向下刺入破坏。据此,提出了一种滑块位移法分析桩帽下地基土体的荷载-位移关系,而下部桩体的荷载-位移关系则采用荷载传递法进行分析。然后,基于上、下两部分的位移协调条件,叠加得到大桩帽刚性短桩的荷载-位移关系曲线(P-s曲线)。同时,采用模型试验结果对此方法进行了验证,结果表明,采用此方法得到的P-s曲线与试验结果吻合良好。最后,利用本文计算模型分析了不同的帽桩直径比D/d以及桩长与桩帽直径比L/D对大桩帽刚性短桩承载力的影响,结果表明,在软土地基中宜采用帽桩直径比D/d2和桩长与桩帽直径比L/D10的带帽桩。     

扩底桩的上拔试验及其颗粒流数值模拟

通过原型试验和应用颗粒流理论及其PFC2D程序数值模拟,研究了黄土中扩底桩承受上拔荷载的宏观力学性能及其细观结构,以及扩底桩在上拔荷载下的位移、极限上拔承载力和破坏机理.结果表明增加扩底桩扩大端的高度对提高承载力是有效的;破坏机理为土的减压软化和损伤软化的渐进性破坏.并提出了扩底桩极限上拔承载力计算式,计算值与实测值相吻合.应用颗粒流理论分析了颗粒细观结构、受影响区域、扩底桩的上拔位移和土中滑裂面.颗粒流模拟的土中滑裂面、荷载与位移关系和宏观试验实测结果相一致.     

水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的试验和数值模拟分析

水泥土搅拌桩处理软土地基可以提高地基承载力并减小沉降量。针对珠海地区的淤泥质土,进行了4种垫层厚度的水泥土搅拌桩复合地基现场静载荷试验,并在现场试验的基础上采用FLAC3D对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基进行了数值模拟分析。将数值模拟得到的4种垫层厚度复合地基的沉降曲线与现场试验的沉降曲线进行了比较,两者基本吻合。采用此模型计算了不同桩径和桩距复合地基的承载力和沉降量,研究了桩径、桩距的改变对复合地基承载力和沉降量的影响,并对改变桩径和桩距两种方案进行了比较,为水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的设计提供了参考。     

砂土中隧道开挖对邻近桩基竖向影响的简化计算方法

基于砂土中隧道开挖引起的土体竖向位移经验公式,分析隧道开挖对邻近桩基础的竖向影响。采用两阶段计算方法,将邻近桩基础视为竖向被动桩,依据砂土中隧道开挖引起地表及地表以下土体产生的沉降槽,考虑桩土相互作用的非线性,得到砂土中隧道开挖对邻近桩基础轴力影响的简化计算方法,并与土工离心试验结果进行对比,验证了该方法的合理性。在研究过程中,分析了隧道覆盖层厚度、隧道直径、隧道与桩之间的距离、隧道土体损失率、桩长、桩径等因素。研究结果表明,桩身轴力随着覆盖层厚度的增加而减小,随隧道直径和土体损失率的增大而增加;隧道与桩之间距离为2.5倍隧道直径时对轴力的影响最大;随着桩长、桩径的增加,桩身轴力逐渐增加。     

均质砂土中H(t)-T联合受荷单桩内力位移分析

为探讨均质砂土地基中桩顶水平简谐荷载H(t)与扭矩T联合作用下的单桩承载特性,基于改进的有限杆单元法,考虑桩周土的刚度贡献及H(t)-T的耦合作用,建立出桩身综合刚度矩阵,再利用MATLAB求解桩身的内力位移,进而通过参数分析获得桩身长径比(L/D)、桩土刚度比(E_p/E_s)、H(t)的无量纲频率(a_0)与幅值(Q_0)以及桩底边界条件等对H(t)-T联合受荷桩内力位移的影响曲线,其表明:随入土深度增加,桩身弯矩先增大后急剧减小,而扭矩和变形急剧减小直至为零,即存在一有效桩长l_d;l_d与桩身内力位移受E_p/E_s的影响较大,当E_p/E_s从1500增至3500时,l_d从27.3D增至44.1D,且桩身弯矩最大值相对增大23.5%,而地面处桩身水平位移与扭转角分别减小19.0%及26.0%;减小H(t)的无量纲频率a_0或增大幅值Q_0均可适当提高桩身受扭承载力;桩底边界条件只对有限长桩的内力位移有影响。     

矩形桩沉桩挤土效应透明土模型试验研究

矩形桩沉桩挤土效应与传统圆形截面桩不同,传统的理论模型和试验技术不适用于研究矩形截面桩沉桩挤土效应。基于透明土变形可视化技术,研究了矩形截面桩沉桩挤土的位移场变化规律。试验结果表明,矩形桩沉桩后,桩周可以分为两块区域：靠近矩形桩身的过渡区域,在此区域内挤土位移模式呈现非柱对称特征,过渡区半径约为4deq～5deq,远离桩身的圆孔扩张区域,该区域内挤土位移呈现柱对称特征。根据矩形截面桩的沉桩挤土试验,推导出了矩形桩截面的修正扩孔理论,并将理论计算的位移值与模型试验测量值进行对比,验证修正扩孔理论的合理性。     

饱和粉土中相变能源桩热力响应模型试验研究

长期非稳态的桩土热交换使得桩周土温度不断上升,产生热堆积效应,影响桩土换热效率,甚至也可使能源桩系统失效。为此,利用复合相变材料制备了相变混凝土能源桩,并在饱和粉土中开展了相变桩和普通桩热力响应模型试验,对比研究了相变桩的桩周温度分布、桩身应力−应变、桩顶位移和桩身换热效率的变化规律。结果表明：相变桩土热交换方向以径向交换为主,影响区域在2D范围以内,土体温度变化表现出滞后效应;相变桩的桩土温度变化幅度小于普通桩,具有缓解桩周土体热堆积效应的作用;在温度循环过程中,相变桩体累积了不可恢复的塑性应变。经过多次温度循环后,相变桩比普通桩的塑性累积位移更小;在夏季工况相变桩换热功率比普通桩增长约20%,冬季工况两者换热功率基本一致,随着运行时间增加,两者换热效率趋同。     

Analysis of piles subjected to lateral soil movements using a three‐dimensional displacement approach

An analytical approach using the three‐dimensional displacement of a soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of the horizontal response of a circular pile subjected to lateral soil movements in nonhomogeneous soil. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient that is obtained from the analytical solution, taking into account the three‐dimensional displacement represented in terms of scalar potentials in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force of a pile subjected to lateral soil movements in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. For the relationship between the lateral pressure and the horizontal displacement, it is assumed that the behavior is linear elastic up to lateral soil yield, and the lateral pressure is constant under the lateral soil yield. The interaction factors between piles subjected to both lateral load and moment are calculated, taking into account the lateral soil movement. The formulation of the lateral displacement and rotation of the pile base subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils is presented by taking into account the Mindlin equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. For lateral movement, lateral pressure, bending moment, and interaction factors, there are small differences between results obtained from the 1‐D and the 3‐D displacement methods except a very flexible pile. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

施工期间人工挖孔桩桩间土稳定性分析

为预防人工挖孔桩窜孔,探讨了桩间土失稳机制,分析了桩间土失稳时的位移特征,建立了桩间土稳定性分析的力学模型,推导了桩间土稳定系数及安全桩净距的计算公式,提出了窜孔防治措施建议。结果表明,桩间土失稳时,滑动土体位移平行于桩心连线,其宽度等于两桩桩径较小值;桩间土稳定系数与滑动土体宽度及埋深成反比,与桩净距成正比,随滑动层的抗剪强度及残余抗剪强度增大而增大,而滑动层厚度则存在一个最不利值,可通过试算确定;控制桩孔间的混凝土面高差、增大桩孔开挖净距、加强护壁,减少桩间土的扰动等是防治窜孔的有效措施。工程实例表明,桩间土稳定性评价方法合理、实用,可为黏性土场地的人工挖孔桩施工提供参考。     

混合法在深基坑排桩锚杆支护计算中的应用研究

深基坑排桩预应力锚杆支护工程中,作用于桩身的土压力与桩身位移呈非线性变化。对于这种非线性变化问题,基于位移土压力模型,考虑支护结构位移的影响,推导了混合法计算公式。混合法可以有效跟踪支护结构的变形过程,反映土体与桩之间的非线性作用关系。结合工程实例,编制了MATLAB计算程序,计算结果较好地反映了土压力与桩身位移之间的非线性变化关系,并与理正软件计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明两者吻合较好,从而证明该计算方法具有较好的适用性,对深基坑支护结构设计有较好的参考价值。     

Analysis of rectangular piles subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil using a Winkler model approach

An analytical approach using a Winkler model based on two lateral soil displacement components in a three‐dimensional soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of horizontal response of a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil. The two lateral displacement components of a soil surrounding the rectangular pile are represented by the Fourier series of displacement potential functions in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the rectangular pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient taking into account rocking rotation of a rigid pile shaft. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force for the rectangular pile subjected to horizontal loads in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. The formulation of lateral displacement and rotation for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads on the pile base in nonhomogeneous soil is proposed by taking into account Mindlin's equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. The difference of lateral behavior between square and circular piles subjected to lateral loads is insignificant. The effect of aspect ratio of the rectangular pile on the lateral behavior is great for the lower stiffness ratio between pile and soil and the larger length–equivalent diameter ratio. The effect of the value of Poisson's ratio of soil on lateral stiffness coefficient is relatively small except Poisson's ratio close to 0.5. The comparison of the results calculated by the current method for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil has shown good agreement with those obtained from the analytical methods and the finite element method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A three‐dimensional displacement approach for analysis of laterally loaded piles in nonhomogeneous soil

An analytical approach using the three‐dimensional displacement of a soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of the horizontal response of a circular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil. The rocking stiffness coefficient of the pile shaft in homogeneous soil is derived from the analytical solution taking into account the three‐dimensional displacement represented in terms of scalar potentials in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient taking into account the rocking rotation of a rigid pile shaft. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force of a pile subjected to horizontal loads in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. The formulation of the lateral displacement and rotation of the pile base subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils is presented by taking into account Mindlin's equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. There is little difference between lateral, rocking, and couple stiffness coefficients each obtained from both the two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional methods except for the case of Poisson's ratio near 0.5. The comparison of results calculated by the current method for a pile subjected to lateral loads in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from analytical and numerical methods. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

强震区软弱土层差异厚度下单桩动力响应振动台试验

为探明不同类型地震波作用下软弱土层差异厚度对单桩动力响应特性的影响,采用振动台试验,开展了不同软弱土层厚度变化下桩基础的加速度、水平位移、弯矩动力响应变化特性及桩基损伤分析。试验结果表明：地震波作用下,桩周土体的约束作用受软弱土层厚度的影响显著。桩身加速度在软弱土层中的放大效果最为显著,桩顶加速度放大系数与软弱土层厚度呈正相关;桩顶水平位移在软弱土层厚度最大时达到最大;桩身弯矩最大值出现在软弱土层中,随其厚度增大而增大。不同土层厚度下,桩身弯矩最大值均小于抗弯能力设计值,桩基完整性较好。桩基础抗震设计计算时,应重点加强桩基础在软弱土层中的抗震能力,并选择多种地震波进行抗震验算。     

冻结粉质黏土-桩基接触面剪切特性试验研究

在寒区工程中, 建筑物的冻拔病害和冻土-桩基接触面间的剪切特性密切相关。借助自制的试验模具, 采用压桩法对冻结粉质黏土中埋置的混凝土桩、 钢桩以及木桩进行了不同负温条件下的剪切试验。结果表明： 在负温下随着剪切位移的增加, 剪切力经历线性增长、 骤降的脆性破坏、 维持恒定三阶段。温度越低, 桩与冻土间的冰胶结力越大, 冻结强度越大, 残余强度越大, 破坏允许位移也越大。在-30 ℃时, 木桩与冻土间的冻结强度最大, 混凝土桩与冻土间的冻结强度次之, 钢桩与冻土间的冻结强度最小。混凝土桩、 钢桩对应的冻结强度及残余强度与温度的关系可用线性拟合, 木桩对应的冻结强度及残余强度与温度的关系可用二次多项式拟合, 三种桩的破坏允许位移与温度的关系均呈现线性规律。研究成果可为寒区结构物抗冻拔病害防治提供参考。     

冻土中单桩抗拔承载力的模型试验研究

以新疆地区某高压输电线冻土桩基础受力分析为背景,在人工冻结条件下,进行了单桩的室内抗拔模型试验.研究了在不同冻结温度下,冻土中单桩在竖向上拔荷载作用下的承载力特性及其力学性状,分析了包括桩的轴力、桩土之间的冻结力沿桩身的分布规律,桩头竖向位移与荷载的关系,并且定量分析了冻结力和承载力与冻结温度的关系.最后,将分析结果与抗压桩进行了比较.成果可为西部冻土地区桩基的设计与施工提供参考依据.     

Analysis of piled raft with nodular pile subjected to vertical load using a Winkler model approach

An investigation is made to present analytical solutions provided by a Winkler model approach for analysis of piled rafts with nodular pile subjected to vertical loads in nonhomogeneous soils. The vertical stiffness coefficient along a piled raft with the nodular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is derived from the displacement given by the Mindlin solution for elastic continuum analysis. The vertical stiffness coefficients for the bases of the raft and the nodular part in the nodular pile in a soil are expressed by the Muki solution for the 3‐D elastic analysis. The relationship between settlement and vertical load on the pile base is presented considering the Mindlin solution and the equivalent thickness in the equivalent elastic method. The interaction factor between the shaft of the nodular pile and the soil is expressed taking into account the Mindlin solution and the equivalent elastic modulus. The relationship between settlement and vertical load for a piled raft with the nodular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is obtained by using the recurrence equation of influence factors of the pile for each layer. The percentage of each load carried by both nodular pile and raft subjected to vertical load is represented through the vertical influence factors proposed here. Comparison of the results calculated by the present method for piled rafts with nodular piles in nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from the finite element method and a field test. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冻土中单桩抗压承载力模型试验研究

以新疆地区某高压输电线建设项目为背景, 在室内进行了人工冻结条件下桩的静载荷模型试验. 试验研究在不同冻结温度下冻土中单桩竖向荷载下的承载力特性及其力学现状, 分析了包括桩的轴力、桩土冻结强度及其分布规律, 以及桩端阻力特性和桩头竖向位移与荷载的关系曲线等. 研究获得了桩的冻结力、单桩竖向承载力与温度的关系等, 可为未来西部冻土地区桩基的设计与施工提供参考依据.