古吉黑造山带的演化与陆壳的增生

当把全球性洋陆结构体制用于区域性地质构造、特别是大陆古造山带研究时 ,我们发现还存在着一种“块带结构体制”区。本文所讨论的东北亚古吉黑造山带即是其中一例。古吉黑造山带 ,在空间上指松辽平原及其以东的吉林和黑龙江二省的东部山区。在时间上是指新元古代—早、中三叠世的造山演化历史。该区从新元古代起 ,就存在着晚太古宙所形成的松嫩、佳木斯、兴凯和龙岗等地块 ,及挟持其间的陆缘活动带 ,它是由古、中元古宙变质岩花岗岩系为结晶基底所形成的过渡型陆壳 ,从而构成了一个典型的块带结构体制区。通过阿森特兴凯期的弱造山 ,加里东期的次弱造山 ,早华力西期的次强造山和晚华力西期—早印支的强造山 ,使过渡型陆壳在造山作用的岩石圈深部动力学过程中 ,实现了壳幔能量和物质的交换 ;通过地幔物质的添加、陆壳物质的再循环 ,以英云闪长质深成岩垂直增生的模式 ,得到增长的同时成熟度不断提高 ,最终实现了向成熟陆壳的转化 ,并和诸地块实现了一体化 ,成为东北亚复合大陆的重要组成部分。这一过程 ,在陆壳物质成分的演化上表现尤为明显。无论是沉积物还是火山和侵入体的物质组成 ,总体上都向着富硅、富碱、特别是富钾的方向发展。作为造山带演化结束、成熟陆壳形成、复合大陆诞生的物质成分标志—     

青藏高原南部晚新生代板内造山与动力成矿

青藏高原晚新生代构造隆升是板块碰撞成因还是板内造山过程 ,关系到高原形成机制、演化过程以及岩石圈动力学与大陆动力学的关系等一系列重大科学问题。近年来在冈底斯发现多个以斑岩铜矿为主的大型和超大型矿床 ,其成矿时代为 2 0～ 12Ma ,与青藏高原构造隆升时代一致 ,也与笔者10年前以大陆动力学和成矿动力学为理论指导的预测结果吻合。青藏高原南部晚新生代大量的地质、地球物理、矿床等方面的证据根本不支持碰撞造山理论 ,如青藏高原内部伸展边缘逆冲、碰撞与隆升之间时差明显 ,壳内低速层和低阻层发育 ,造山与成盆关系密切 ,板内隆升环境下发生大规模构造变形、岩浆活动和动力成矿等。青藏高原南部晚新生代构造隆升作用是在新特提斯开合转换、碰撞造陆之后 ,在下地壳层流作用的驱动下 ,发生板内造山、地壳增厚、热隆伸展和改造成矿的构造成矿过程 ,大规模的板内金属成矿在 3～ 4Ma以来的均衡隆升、成山过程中进一步改造。     

中国及亚洲重要造山带花岗岩浆时空演化及成矿背景对比研究

在全面收集中国及邻区花岗岩年代学资料的基础上,在包括俄罗斯、蒙古、吉尔吉斯坦、韩国、日本、越南等境外地区开展了野外调研, 获得大量高精度锆石U-Pb年龄,发现一些重大岩浆事件;结合系统收集的公开发表的高质量数据,建立了一些关键地区的花岗岩年代学格架;初步总结了中亚、中央、特提斯和环太平洋构造域花岗岩的时空分布及构造-岩浆演化,提供相关成矿背景,编制了四个构造域的花岗岩时空分布图。在此基础上,初步编制了亚洲花岗岩时空分布图,总结了花岗岩浆作用与构造演化的关系,为探讨亚洲大地构造演化,特别是陆块聚合过程的研究提供了依据。这是一次尝试性的较系统地论述亚洲花岗岩及构造-岩浆演化的研究。     

地壳对接消减带和叠接消减带与陆-陆碰撞造山和俯冲增生造山:来自侵入岩构造组合的记录

从地壳对接消减带与地壳叠接消减带的概念出发,讨论了板块构造岩浆旋回,俯冲增生造山和陆-陆碰撞造山分别对应于板块会聚构造的第一次和第二次造山作用;讨论了俯冲增生造山的结构样式,主要由俯冲增生杂岩和岩浆弧构成;陆-陆碰撞造山指相意义的S型花岗岩类的鉴别标志,以及指示板块构造岩浆旋回结束的后造山过碱性A型花岗岩类的识别标志。最后主要基于中国侵入岩大地构造图(1∶250万)及其说明书的成果,简要地讨论了中国三个克拉通性质的陆块区以及与西伯利亚克拉通、印度克拉通之间的大洋区的洋陆转换形成的俯冲增生造山和随后的陆-陆碰撞造山,认为:(1)塔里木克拉通西北缘与西伯利亚克拉通西南缘陆-陆碰撞可能发生在石炭纪,早二叠世可能完成;(2)中国三个克拉通的陆-陆碰撞可能分别发生在早—中三叠世,晚三叠世完成拼合,形成中国主体大陆;(3)早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世完成中国主体大陆与西伯利亚大陆的最终拼合;(4)新生代中国大陆与印度大陆拼合,碰撞造山仍在进行。     

青藏高原与大陆动力学——地体拼合、碰撞造山及高原隆升的深部驱动力

运用地体和地体活动论观点,提出青藏高原结构划分的新方案;强调青藏高原的形成经历了新元古代以来长期活动的过程,青藏高原是一个“非原地”诸多地体会聚、拼合以及经历复合碰撞造山的“造山的高原”;大型走滑断裂在青藏高原形成中起着地体相对位移、侧向挤出、移置及使高原几何形态扭曲的作用。提出青藏高原隆升的“南缘超深俯冲(>600km)、北缘陆内俯冲、腹地深部热结构及岩石圈范围内的向NE右旋隆升”的多元驱动力机制。     

新疆主要造山带地壳发展的五阶段模式及成矿系列

按汉尼克（１９８１）提出的简单剪切模式，大陆解离是沿一条缓倾斜的拆离带发生移离。随着拆离的发展，上地慢软流圈隆起追随拆离面下降的一侧迁移，而始终处于解离大陆一侧边缘的下方（而不是在拉伸洋盆的中线上）。因此，在有上地幔软流圈隆起对应的陆缘一侧，会产生大量火山—深成岩浆作用（主要是上地幔物质的渗入），称为“岩浆型被动陆缘”（旧称“火山型被动陆缘”）；而另一侧，则仅表现为地壳表层的构造破坏和陆源碎屑堆积作用，即经典意义上的大西洋型被动陆缘，称为“非岩浆型被动陆缘”。裂谷一般地可看成是上述解离过程初期阶段的产物。上述过程的几种构造环境下的地壳，都具有厚度减小、地壳渗透性增加、成熟度降低的特点，称为“拉张型过渡壳”。拉张型过渡壳阶段是陆同型造山带地壳发展中必不可少的阶段。它的标志性建造是双峰式火山岩建造（岩浆型被动陆缘）和巨厚陆源碎屑岩夹基性火山岩建造（非岩浆型被动陆缘），建造序列由稳定性类型向非稳定性类型演化，地球化学表现出成熟度不断降低的趋势。当基底陆壳拉伸减薄至零时，出现洋壳，洋壳阶段的产物为蛇绿岩建造。当扩张终止，洋盆开始消减，两侧陆缘演化即进入“汇聚型过渡壳阶段”。在汇聚阶段中，前两阶段形成的产物被强烈堆挤     

中亚造山带大陆动力学过程与成矿作用

中亚成矿域是我国资源安全体系的重要组成部分,具有陆壳增生显著、壳幔作用强烈、陆内改造复杂、成矿类型多样4大特征.中亚成矿域研究的核心问题是中亚造山带增生改造过程中的壳幔作用与大规模成矿机理.     

云贵高原-造山带-沉积盆地的构造演化与成岩成矿作用(代序)

云贵高原-造山带-沉积盆地的构造演化与金属矿产形成有密切关系。近南北向乌蒙山造山带和扬子地块西缘元古宙造山带(元古宙基底构造层)为元古宙铁铜和铁氧化物铜金型(IOCG)矿床集中区。在东缘滇黔桂晚古生代陆缘拉分盆地中,形成了铅锌银-金汞锑等低温热液金属矿床集中区。在个旧-文山一带形成了锡铜钨-多金属成矿集中区,并伴生铷铯铟等稀散元素。在西侧云南楚雄中新生代沉积盆地中,形成了砂岩型铜矿床集中区等。北侧四川-重庆一带形成了天青石矿床成矿集中区。这些金属矿床集中区形成与云贵高原-造山带-沉积盆地经历了多期次构造演化过程中,形成了特殊的矿田(床)构造有密切关系。这些特殊的大陆构造样式、构造组合、构造-流体-成岩成矿作用和碱性铁质基性岩类侵位的多重耦合作用,值得今后开展深入研究,为今后矿山深部找矿预测和大陆深部构造研究提供科学依据。     

早前寒武纪大陆块壳构造理论——华北克拉通早前寒武纪基底构造格架、地壳演化及其与区域地球化学不均一性的关系研究

早前寒武纪大陆块壳构造理论——华北克拉通早前寒武纪基底构造格架、地壳演化及其与区域地球化学不均一性的关系研究张福勤＊＊（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词大陆块壳并合带地壳演化进程地球化学不均一性早前寒武纪地质学研究是地球科学最基础的...     

华北克拉通及相邻造山带古生代—侏罗纪早期大地构造演化

华北克拉通古生代的大地构造演化始于大约520 Ma,此时冈瓦纳古陆的聚合正处于峰期。中寒武世华北克拉通古生代最早的沉积记录始于其边缘的更老地层或者变质基底之上。随后,海相环境扩展,广泛的海侵导致中寒武世晚期馒头组及其上的地层广泛分布于华北克拉通。华北克拉通北部以北的白乃庙岛弧带新的研究结果显示这一岛弧始于520 Ma,并延续到420 Ma,其可以向东延伸到我国东北的四平以东。沿着华北克拉通南部边缘,商丹洋在514~420 Ma期间发生向北的俯冲。华北克拉通的大部分地区在中奥陶世马家沟期发生海退。近10年来在华北克拉通北缘识别出一个又一个泥盆纪深成岩体和火山岩。石炭纪晚期开始的新的沉积层序以"G层"铝土矿为底,其平行不整合,或假整合在中奥陶世马家沟组灰岩之上。铝土矿很可能是从内蒙古古隆起,一个深位剥蚀的岩浆弧,曾经发育的火山喷发活动形成的广布的火山灰转变而来。这进一步说明晚古生代华北克拉通北缘曾经是一个安第斯型活动大陆边缘。这一沉积序列以碎屑岩为主,下部夹海相灰岩和火山灰层,表明其形成于海陆过渡的火山弧环境。二叠纪早期之后华北克拉通的沉积环境转变为陆相。华南地块与南秦岭地块和华北克拉通之间的勉略洋在晚古生代持续向北俯冲增生,三叠纪晚期发生碰撞,导致大别—苏鲁超高压变质带的形成。与此同时,在华北克拉通北部显著的构造变形和岩浆作用发生在三叠纪晚期。燕山地区盘山等地三叠纪晚期的强烈褶皱、冲断发生在约210 Ma,与华北克拉通周缘的强烈构造变形同期。这也暗示华北克拉通此时已经开始失去克拉通的稳定构造性质。     

内蒙古北山造山带圆包山—希热哈达地区白山组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及对古亚洲洋俯冲作用的启示

在内蒙古北山造山带北部圆包山—希热哈达地区白山组采集了安山岩和含角砾花岗斑岩,并对其进行了岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学分析,探讨北山地区晚古生代构造演化历史。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,安山岩和含角砾花岗斑岩的年龄加权平均值分别为300.0±2.5 Ma（MSWD=2.0,n=13）和300.3±1.9 Ma（MSWD=1.9,n=23）,确认研究区白山组地层时代为晚石炭世。该套火山岩相对富集轻稀土元素和Rb、K、Ba等大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,具有活动性大陆边缘弧的地球化学特征,表明晚古生代北山北部古亚洲洋板块的俯冲持续到晚石炭世。岩石地球化学研究显示,石炭纪白山组安山岩的岩浆是俯冲带流体交代中—下地壳,并使其部分熔融形成;含角砾花岗斑岩主要为中—下地壳物质熔融的产物,源区有沉积物熔体的加入。由北往南,白山组火山岩从中性钙碱性向中酸性、酸性高钾钙碱性火山岩过渡,其分布规律指示了古亚洲洋板块由北向南的俯冲极性。     

Geodynamic setting of Mesozoic magmatism in NE China and surrounding regions: Perspectives from spatio-temporal distribution patterns of ore deposits

North-eastern China and surrounding regions host some of the best examples of Phanerozoic juvenile crust on the globe. However, the Mesozoic tectonic setting and geodynamic processes in this region remain debated. Here we attempt a systematic analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of ore deposits in NE China and surrounding regions to constrain the geodynamic milieu. From an evaluation of the available geochronological data, we identify five distinct stages of ore formation: 240–205 Ma, 190–165 Ma, 155–145 Ma, 140–120 Ma, and 115–100 Ma. The Triassic (240–205 Ma) magmatism and associated mineralisation occurred during in a post-collisional tectonic setting involving the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The Early-Mid Jurassic (190–165 Ma) events are related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in the eastern Asian continental margin, whereas in the Erguna block, these are associated with the subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. From 155 to 120 Ma, large-scale continental extension occurred in NE China and surrounding regions. However, the Late Jurassic magmatism and mineralisation events in these areas evolved in a post-orogenic extensional environment of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean subduction system. The early stage of the Early Cretaceous events occurred under the combined effects of the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean and the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. The widespread extension ceased during the late phase of Early Cretaceous (115–100 Ma), following the rapid tectonic changes resulting from the Paleo-Pacific Oceanic plate reconfiguration.     

Early to mid-Paleozoic magmatic and sedimentary records in the Bainaimiao Arc: An advancing subduction-induced terrane accretion along the northern margin of the North China Craton

The early to mid-Paleozoic subduction-induced terrane accretion along the northern margin of the North China Craton is not well understood. To address this issue, we investigate the magmatic and sedimentary records, including both new and previously published geochemical, Sr–Nd isotopic, and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic data from the Bainaimiao Arc. The collected gabbro–diorites and granitoids have been dated to 431–453 Ma. The gabbro–diorites have high Mg/(Mg + Fe) molar ratios (44.41–73.39); depleted Nb, Ta and Ti; and negative ε_Nd(t) values (-9.43–-6.80). They were derived from a mantle wedge metasomatized by subduction-derived fluids with crustal contamination. The granitoids are characterized by high silica, low to high K, low Fe and Mg contents, strong fractionation of rare earth elements, and positive ε_Hf(t) values (+1.42–+8.19). They were derived from crustal melts with juvenile additions. The clastic rocks from the Baoerhantu Group and Xibiehe Formation are dominated by early Paleozoic zircons, whereas those from the Bainaimiao Group are dominated by early Paleozoic and Precambrian zircons. Detrital zircon geochronology and field geology confirm their deposition in early to mid-Paleozoic. The U–Pb ages and petrographic and geochemical analyses indicate that the clastic rocks were deposited in arc-related basins with felsic sources from the Bainaimiao Arc. The xenocrystic and detrital zircons in the magmatic and clastic rocks, respectively, imply a Precambrian basement for the Bainaimiao Arc. The early Paleozoic magmatic rocks of the Bainaimiao Arc show secular changes with decreasing age: increasing K₂O contents and Sr/Y ratios and decreasing Fe₂O₃^T + MgO contents and ε_Hf(t) and ε_Nd(t) values. This is likely in response to advancing subduction and related crustal thickening. Accordingly, the following tectono-paleogeographic model was proposed for the Bainaimiao Arc: (a) ∼500–455 Ma initial subduction and juvenile arc development, (b) ∼455–415 Ma continuous subduction with mature arc development, and (c) ∼415–400 Ma accretion to the North China Craton.     

新疆北部古生代构造演化的几点认识

最近的地质调查和研究资料揭示,新疆北部古生代存在"三块两带"的构造格局,并经历了复杂的洋陆转换过程。地质、地球物理和碎屑锆石年龄结果显示,准噶尔盆地南部应存在一个至少发育前震旦系的古老陆块;初步认为东准噶尔北自额尔齐斯构造带东南的玛依鄂博地区至南部的卡拉麦里构造带南界,整体为一增生杂岩体,西准噶尔自额尔齐斯构造带南缘至谢米斯台南缘亦为一增生杂岩体。提出新疆北部加里东运动表现为准噶尔-吐哈陆块、中天山陆块群、伊犁地块等拼合形成哈萨克斯坦板块的一部分。从新疆北部泥盆系建造组合和沉积环境演变视角,探讨了早古生代形成的哈萨克板块北部洋盆从早泥盆世开始,至晚泥盆世拼合,洋盆经历了逐渐变浅直至消亡的演化过程。结合区域地质调查资料,提出南天山为一巨大的增生杂岩体,代表了哈萨克斯坦板块与塔里木板块最后增生拼合的位置,亦是古亚洲洋在中国境内最后闭合的位置,闭合的时限为早石炭末期。在以上认识的基础上,提出新疆北部晚古生代构造演化的"三块两带"基本框架:即在统一哈萨克斯坦板块形成后,自北而南依次存在西伯利亚板块、哈萨克斯坦板块、塔里木板块及其间的准噶尔洋盆和南天山洋盆。晚泥盆世哈萨克斯坦板块与西伯利亚板块完成增生拼贴;早石炭世末,塔里木板块与西伯利亚-哈萨克斯坦联合板块完成增生拼贴,古亚洲洋结束洋陆转换;晚石炭世至早二叠世,新疆北部进入后碰撞伸展至大陆裂谷演化阶段。     

Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt in NE China

The eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in NE China is a key area for investigating continental growth. However, the complexity of its Paleozoic geological history has meant that the tectonic development of this belt is not fully understood. NE China is composed of the Erguna and Jiamusi blocks in the northern and eastern parts and the Xing’an and Songliao-Xilinhot accretionary terranes in the central and southern parts. The Erguna and Jiamusi blocks have Precambrian basements with Siberia and Gondwana affinities, respectively. In contrast, the Xing ’an and Songliao-Xilinhot accretionary terranes were formed via subduction and collision processes. These blocks and terranes were separated by the Xinlin-Xiguitu, Heilongjiang, Nenjiang, and Solonker oceans from north to south, and these oceans closed during the Cambrian (ca. 500 Ma), Late Silurian (ca. 420 Ma), early Late Carboniferous (ca. 320 Ma), and Late Permian to Middle Triassic (260 –240 Ma), respectively, forming the Xinlin-Xiguitu, Mudanjiang-Yilan, Hegenshan-Heihe, Solonker-Linxi, and Changchun-Yanji suture zones. Two oceanic tectonic cycles took place in the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO), namely, the Early Paleozoic cycle involving the Xinlin-Xiguitu and Heilongjiang oceans and the late Paleozoic cycle involving the Nenjiang-Solonker oceans. The Paleozoic tectonic pattern of the eastern CAOB generally shows structural features that trend east-west. The timing of accretion and collision events of the eastern CAOB during the Paleozoic youngs progressively from north to south. The branch ocean basins of the eastern PAO closed from west to east in a scissor-like manner. A bi-directional subduction regime dominated during the narrowing and closure process of the eastern PAO, which led to “soft collision” of tectonic units on each side, forming huge accretionary orogenic belts in central Asia.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

辽北地区早石炭世变质火山岩年代学和地球化学特征:对华北板块北缘东段构造演化的启示

华北板块北缘东段分布的构造混杂岩带为研究古亚洲洋的演化提供了重要的依据,"下二台岩群"作为该构造混杂岩带的重要组成部分,其形成时代和构造属性仍存在争议。详细的研究表明下二台地区变质火山岩原岩包括流纹岩、英安岩、安山岩,为一套钙碱性火山岩,属于准铝质-弱过铝质岩石,根据岩相学和地球化学特征将其分为变质酸性火山岩和变质中性火山岩;二者均相对富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,Eu负异常不明显,但变质中性火山岩稀土总量低于变质酸性火山岩,变质酸性火山岩明显亏损Sr、P元素,结合野外产出面积和高场强元素相关性特征,认为二者不是同一基性岩浆分异的产物。变质火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为341～348Ma,代表其原岩结晶年龄。变质酸性火山岩原始岩浆来自于地壳物质的部分熔融,变质中性火山岩原始岩浆来自于俯冲带附近岩石圈地幔,并遭受了地壳物质的混染,二者均形成于活动大陆边缘火山弧环境。最新研究成果表明"下二台岩群"由不同时代、不同构造环境下形成的地质单元叠置混杂而成,称其为"下二台"构造杂岩更为准确。下二台地区变质火山岩表明在早石炭世初,古亚洲洋板块已经南向俯冲,在华北板块北缘形成活动大陆边缘弧环境,早石炭世变质火山岩原岩为这一俯冲阶段的产物。     

东北中生代增生杂岩及对古太平洋向欧亚大陆俯冲历史的制约

吉林-黑龙江东部地区的中生代增生杂岩,主要由吉林-黑龙江高压变质带和那丹哈达增生杂岩(或那丹哈达地体)组成。它们将为古亚洲洋与环太平洋构造域的转换作用,大洋板块地层(OPS)层序重建,特别是古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲历史提供重要的科学依据。吉林-黑龙江高压带分布在佳木斯-兴凯与松辽地块之间的具有高压变质带性质的缝合带,新的地质年代学研究表明其形成时代为210～180Ma,表明晚三叠-早侏罗世为南北向古亚洲洋关闭和西向俯冲增生开始的关键时期。那丹哈达增生杂岩则发育在佳木斯-兴凯地块东侧,并具体分为西部的跃进山杂岩和东部的饶河杂岩。新近发表的数据显示,跃进山杂岩就位时代为210～180Ma,这与佳木斯-兴凯地块西缘的吉黑高压带形成时代相似。而饶河杂岩就位时代为晚侏罗-早白垩世,最晚期就位的时代为早白垩世(137～130Ma)。因此,吉黑东部地区的中生代增生杂岩为古太平洋向欧亚大陆中生代的俯冲过程提供了关键的信息。     

Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Ages and Geochemistry of the Silurian to Permian Sedimentary Rocks in Central Inner Mongolia,China: Implications for Closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean

The Solonker suture zone has long been considered to mark the location of the final disappearance of the PaleoAsian Ocean in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). However, the time of final suturing is still controversial with two main different proposals of late Permian to early Triassic, and late Devonian. This study reports integrated wholerock geochemistry and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of sedimentary rocks from the Silurian Xuniwusu Formation, the Devonian Xilingol Complex and the Permian Zhesi Formation in the Hegenshan-Xilinhot-Linxi area in central Inner Mongolia, China. The depositional environment, provenance and tectonic setting of the Silurian-Devonian and the Permian sediments are compared to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Solonker suture zone and its neighboring zones. The protoliths of the silty slates from the Xuniwusu Formation in the Baolidao zone belong to wacke and were derived from felsic igneous rocks with steady-state weathering, poor sorting and compositional immaturity. The protoliths of metasedimentary rocks from the Xilingol Complex were wackes and litharenites and were sourced from predominantly felsic igneous rocks with variable weathering conditions and moderate sorting. The Xuniwusu Formation and Xilingol Complex samples both have two groups of detrital zircon that peak at ca. 0.9–1.0 Ga and ca. 420–440 Ma, with maximum deposition ages of late Silurian and middle Devonian age, respectively. Considering the ca. 484–383 Ma volcanic arc in the Baolidao zone, the Xuxiniwu Formation represents an oceanic trench sediment and is covered by the sedimentary rocks in the Xilingol Complex that represents a continental slope sediment in front of the arc. The middle Permian Zhesi Formation metasandstones were derived from predominantly felsic igneous rocks and are texturally immature with very low degrees of rounding and sorting, indicating short transport and rapid burial. The Zhesi Formation in the Hegenshan zone has a main zircon age peak of 302 Ma and a subordinate peak of 423 Ma and was deposited in a back-arc basin with an early marine transgression during extension and a late marine regression during contraction. The formation also crops out locally in the Baolidao zone with a main zircon age peak of 467 Ma and a minor peak of 359 Ma, and suggests it formed as a marine transgression sedimentary sequence in a restricted extensional basin and followed by a marine regressive event. Two obvious zircon age peaks of 444 Ma and 280 Ma in the Solonker zone and 435 Ma and 274 Ma in Ondor Sum are retrieved from the Zhesi Formation. This suggests as a result of the gradual closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean a narrow ocean sedimentary environment with marine regressive sedimentary sequences occupied the Solonker and Ondor Sum zones during the middle Permian. A restricted ocean is suggested by the Permian strata in the Bainaimiao zone. Early Paleozoic subduction until ca. 381 Ma and renewed subduction during ca. 310–254 Ma accompanied by the opening and closure of a back-arc basin during ca. 298–269 Ma occurred in the northern accretionary zone. In contrast, the southern accretionary zone documented early Paleozoic subduction until ca. 400 Ma and a renewed subduction during ca. 298–246 Ma. The final closure of the Paleo-Asian ocean therefore lasted at least until the early Triassic and ended with the formation of the Solonker suture zone.     

兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带沉积物主成分的含量与空间分布研究

选取兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带上沉积物的SiO_2、Al_2O_3、CaO、MgO、Na_2O、K_2O、TFe_2O_3、FeO、TiO_2、MnO、P_2O_5、CO_2、H_2O~+、pH十四个指标,研究其在不同二级构造单元、地理景观、土壤类型、降雨量等级下的含量与空间分布特征,并讨论该地球化学走廊带上化学蚀变指数。结果表明:在兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带上,作为沉积物主体的SiO_2、Al_2O_3两者含量为明显负相关而空间分布表现出此消彼长的特征;CaO、MgO、CO_2高含量分布区则与碳酸盐岩地层或含碳酸盐矿物的土壤有关,而MgO的高含量还与走廊带上镁铁质基性-超基性岩有一定关系,表明了这三个指标的高含量受特定岩性或矿物的影响较大;Na_2O、K_2O含量除了受继承的基岩影响外,还受到后期的风化作用和气候及自身地球化学性质等复杂因素综合影响,对Na_2O来说尤为如此;TFe_2O_3、MnO、TiO_2、P_2O_5相对于在地质背景复杂地段,经过冲积平原的沉积物混匀后,含量差异更小;相对干冷的内蒙古半干旱草原的气候条件有利于FeO存在,使得其相对燕山地区含量差异较TFe_2O_3要小,在章丘以南相对温暖湿润地区更易被氧化而导致其含量整体较低;北方干冷气候条件下,沉积物H_2O~+含量普遍较低,局部高含量位于碳酸盐岩地层或第四系分布区;走廊带上的pH值反映了沉积物偏碱性的特征,而在章丘以南的地区随着降雨量的增加,相对温暖湿润的气候条件,沉积物pH值表现为中性-偏弱酸性;兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带沉积物的CIA值反映出在寒冷、干燥气候条件下低等的化学风化程度,兴蒙造山带沉积物平均风化程度相对华北克拉通沉积物的平均风化程度差异变化相对要小,显示兴蒙造山带的降雨量与温度等风化影响因素变化较小。作为反映元素的地球化学亲和性的量化指标,离子电位可以更好地帮助理解沉积物元素的含量和空间分布差异。