宁芜火山岩的地球化学特征及其意义

宁芜早白垩世火山岩由中基性成分组成,与碱性玄武岩比较,火山岩贫Ti,Fe,富K和LREE,Na2O/K2O近似等于1,在SiO2-K2O图中龙王山组的全部和大王山组的大部落入橄榄玄粗岩区域,属于橄榄玄粗岩系列,为富集LILE和水的地幔部分熔融的产物。宁芜火山岩产于板内环境,富钾质岩浆的形成可能与软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈的伸展－减薄或裂谷作用有关。宁芜火山岩富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,Ti,Nb(Ta)具负异常。宁芜火山岩底部的龙王山组和主体大王山组具有不同的地球化学特征：与大王山组相比,前者更富Rb,Ba,K,而相对贫LREE（La,Ce,Nd),Eu,Sr,Isr较高,εNd(t)较低。由于龙王山组层位低,大王山组层位高,不可能解释为分离结晶作用的结果,而只能说明在火山岩喷发的早期阶段（龙王山组）,岩浆穿过陆壳上升过程中与围岩发生过混染作用,从围岩中带入较多的K、Rb,Ba等大离子亲石元素,从而使得Isr较高和εNd(t)较低。龙王山组SiO2-K2O不具相关性也说明陆壳混染的影响。至宁芜火山岩喷发的极盛时期（大王山组）,岩浆与围岩的混染程度降低,Isr和Nd(t)值更接近岩浆的初始组成。据了解,在长江中下游地区有许多晚中生代的埃达克质岩出露,埃达克质岩来自加厚的陆壳底部,需要很高的温度才能使下地壳基性岩发生部分熔融。宁芜一带火山岩的大规模喷出,表明在早白垩世初期该区地幔处于十分活跃的状态,可能有大量橄榄玄粗质岩浆底侵到下地壳底部,烘烤下地壳使之熔融形成埃达克质熔浆。     

北京西山沿河城东岭台组火山岩成因及其地质意义

北京西山沿河城东岭台组火山岩由底部(第1岩性段)玄武粗安岩、下部(第2岩性段)酸性火山碎屑岩和上部(第3、4岩性段)粗面岩、流纹岩组成。根据地球化学特征,东岭台组下部第1岩性段玄武粗安岩属于碱性系列,具有Coombs成分变异趋势,上部的中、酸性岩属于高钾钙碱性;东岭台组火山岩整体具有从碱质富集的基性岩向硅饱和的中酸性岩变化的跨越式成分变异趋势。东岭台组中—基性岩是富集Ba、Sr、LREE和K的幔源原始玄武质岩浆在中等压力条件下分离结晶的产物,岩石在成岩过程中受到了下地壳物质的混染。东岭台组上部第3、4岩性段的粗面岩或英安岩依据地球化学特征分为3大类——富铝钾质粗面岩、富铝钠质粗面岩或英安岩与贫铝粗面岩或英安岩。富铝钾质粗面岩是玄武质岩浆与中地壳岩石发生熔融反应的产物;富铝钠质粗面岩或英安岩是内侵的基性岩含水熔融的产物;贫铝粗面岩或英安岩有可能由中—基性岩分异而来,成岩过程中受到围岩混染。东岭台组下部第2岩性段的酸性火山岩形成于下地壳低钾岩石在高氧逸度条件下的低程度部分熔融。东岭台组上部第3、4岩性段的酸性火山岩中的低硅端元是基性岩浆与中地壳岩石发生熔融反应的产物;高硅端元由低硅酸性火山岩分离结晶演化而来。燕山早白垩世早、中期大规模高钾钙碱性岩浆活动很可能是幔源岩浆与陆壳发生熔融反应的产物。东岭台组火山岩是早白垩世中期地壳被内侵玄武质岩浆加热,进而导致地温梯度增高的直观表征;地壳深部温度升高和部分熔融直接促使地壳发生侧向韧性流动,致使早白垩世时期的燕山地区由山地演变为高原。     

宁芜盆地火山-次火山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

宁芜火山盆地是长江中下游重要的火山盆地之一,在盆地内自下而上依次发育龙王山组、大王山组、姑山组和娘娘山组火山岩和若干个同源次火山岩或小侵入岩体。本文对宁芜盆地火山-次火山岩进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素地球化学研究。研究结果表明,大王山组粗安岩锆石U-Pb年龄为130.3±0.9Ma,姑山组两个粗安岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为128.2±1.3Ma和128.5±1.8Ma,另外三个侵入岩年龄分别为127.1±1.2Ma、128.3±0.6Ma和128.2±1.0Ma,均为早白垩纪。综合前人成果,认为长江中下游地区火山盆地内火山活动的时限在135～124Ma之间,不存在侏罗纪岩浆活动。宁芜盆地火山岩和侵入岩的锆石176Hf/177Hf值在0.282502～0.282673范围内,εHf(t)变化为-6.9～-0.7,显示岩浆源自于岩石圈富集地幔部分熔融并在上升过程中受地壳物质的混染,为岩石圈伸展环境的产物。     

粤北仁化白垩纪安山玢岩锆石年代学、地球化学和岩石成因研究

仁化安山玢岩分布在华南湘桂地洼系南东侧,位于广东韶关丹霞火山盆地中。来自仁化妙禅寺和石背两地的安山玢岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果分别为105.0±0.7 Ma和104.3±0.8 Ma,表明其形成于中生代构造活化期最强烈的早白垩世晚期。妙禅寺和石背安山玢岩均具斑状结构,块状构造。斑晶主要为斜长石和角闪石或辉石,基质组成与斑晶类似。相关图解显示安山玢岩为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,其Mg#为49~61,K2O含量为3.07%~3.81%。微量元素地球化学特征研究表明,这些安山玢岩明显富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Th和U,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta和Ti,无Zr、Hf异常。Zr/Y(6.56~9.10)、Th/U(3.72~4.31)、Nb/La(0.31)和(Th/Nb)N(10)等微量元素比值表明其源区为地壳物质加入板内玄武质岩浆的结果。结合前人已有的区域研究成果,作者认为仁化安山玢岩母岩浆应是在岩石圈伸展构造背景下由岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成,岩浆在上升或侵位过程中遭受了不同程度的地壳混染,经历一定程度结晶分异作用后最终形成安山质岩浆。其形成与早白垩世晚期太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲和后缘拉张有关。     

新疆富蕴县索尔库都克铜矿床含矿辉石安山玢岩地球化学及年代学特征

新疆富蕴县索尔库都克铜矿产于中泥盆统北塔山组第二亚组中,前人报导的该矿床内含矿的蚀变安山岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄、安山岩全岩40Ar-40Ar年龄以及安山质凝灰岩K-Ar年龄显示其时代主要集中于早二叠世,与赋矿地层时代差距较大.对赋矿岩石安山玢岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得了锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为396.6±1.2 Ma,表明其成矿时代为中泥盆世,且在二叠纪有一次热液活动.索尔库都克铜矿床赋矿岩石辉石安山玢岩及安山玢岩具高硅、高钛、高铝特征,岩石为高钾钙碱性系列;稀土元素特征显示轻稀土较重稀土富集,轻微的Eu负异常,安山玢岩的锆石Hf同位素的两阶段模式年龄为456~778 Ma,εHf(t)>0.研究认为该矿床应属于火山热液层控型铜矿床,其成矿安山玢岩体具有亏损地幔源特征.     

松辽盆地长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩地球化学研究

长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩富硅、富碱,岩石以非碱性系列为主,包括钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,碱性系列火山岩为钾玄岩系列。酸性岩与中、基性岩的微量元素特征差别明显,岩石总体微量元素特征与造山带火山岩相似,富集LREE、Rb、K和大离子亲石元素,TiO2含量低,贫Sr。火山岩的形成与造山带岩石圈拆沉作用引起地壳拉张减薄的大地构造背景有关。研究区基性火山岩为地幔岩部分熔融作用的产物,岩浆演化过程中存在单斜辉石和橄榄石等矿物的分离结晶作用,中性岩为原生玄武质岩浆分异演化的产物,营城组酸性火山岩的形成与构造活动存在直接关系,为构造剪切挤压应力致使上地壳重熔的结果。     

华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩岩石类型及火山岩系列

基于大量的岩相学和岩石化学资料，作者认为，熊耳群火山岩的岩石类型主要为橄榄玄粗岩，安粗岩，粗面英安岩和流纹岩，其次为高钾玄武安山岩、橄榄粗安岩，高钾安山和高钾英安岩；火山岩系列主要为橄榄玄粗岩系，其次为高钾钙碱性岩系；熊耳群火山岩可能是大陆边缘弧弧后火山岩或碰撞后弧火山岩。同时，作者在文中列出了４４个代表性火山岩样品的岩石化学资料和９１３个火山岩，次火山－侵入岩样品的平均化学成分资料。     

宁芜盆地浅成侵入岩的锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究及其地质意义

宁芜火山岩盆地是长江中下游成矿带中最重要的矿集区之一,以产出玢岩型铁矿而著称。盆地内的岩浆活动产物可分为龙王山组,大王山组,姑山组和娘娘山组4个旋回火山岩及相关浅成侵入岩。本文对该盆地中凹山铁矿的成矿母岩——辉长闪长玢岩进行了精确的锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成测定。3个样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(123±1)Ma,(127±3)Ma和(125±2)Ma。前人已对该盆地中火山岩开展过较多的定年工作,获得大王山组的锆石U-Pb年龄为127~131Ma。因此,与成矿密切相关的辉长闪长玢岩与第二旋回大王山组火山岩同期,形成年龄相近或略晚于火山岩。辉长闪长玢岩中锆石εHf(t)值为-6.3~-8.6,结合前人的地球化学数据,该岩石的形成可能与软流圈地幔上涌、富集岩石圈地幔熔融并与地壳物质混合有关,这一过程发生于华南约125Ma时岩石圈强烈伸展时期。同位素组成特征表明,与盆地内火山岩相比,宁芜浅成侵入岩形成过程中有更多的地壳物质加入。     

安徽庐枞中生代富钾火山岩成因的地球化学制约

庐枞中生代火山岩产于下扬子断裂坳陷带的继承式火山盆地中，主要为一套以粗面玄武岩－玄武粗安岩－安粗岩－粗面岩为主体的偏碱质中基性岩石组合。化学成分上具有富碱、富钾、富轻稀土及大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Th、Pb)和贫高场强元素（如Nb、Ti)等特点。在郯庐断裂中南段及其邻近地区的中生代火山岩中，庐枞盆地火山岩的特征最接近钾玄岩系火山岩。这套火山岩具有较高的ISr值（0.70570-0.70653)及偏低的εNd(t)值（－5.01～-9.96)。火山岩产出地质背景的全面分析及元素－同位素的综合示踪，排除了岩浆上升过程中存在强烈的地壳物质的混染，富钾火山岩的岩浆源区应为受俯冲板片析出流体交代作用所形成的富集地幔（EMI），岩石主要起源于富集型地幔的部分熔融。     

宁芜盆地娘娘山组钾质火山岩的岩相学和矿物学特征及其地质意义

宁芜盆地娘娘山组钾质火山岩为盆地内中生代最晚期火山喷发形成的火山岩,其矿物成分中钾长石主要为透长石;辉石均为透辉石;黑云母为镁质黑云母,黑云母结晶温度为650℃～750℃,氧逸度(logfo2)约为-12～-10。这些矿物的化学特征与庐枞钾质火山岩中矿物的化学特征非常接近,综合其全岩地球化学、同位素年龄数据,表明娘娘山组钾质火山岩形成于造山后的构造环境。对黑云母的成分分析表明其岩浆来源较深,应为幔源岩浆分异演化的产物,并推测与地壳发生了较弱的同化混染作用,同时娘娘山组钾质火山岩的岩相学和矿物化学特征揭示了其岩浆演化的过程。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861