在“华东六省一市首届青年地学科技论坛”开幕式上的讲话

各位青年专家、各位领导: 大家好！ 在新世纪第一年的年末,由上海市地质学会主办,华东各省地质学会协办的“华东六省一市首届青年地学科技论坛”今天在这里隆重召开,这是我们地学界的一次重要的学术会议,也是我们华东六省一市青年地学科技工作者学术成果的一次集中检阅。在此,我谨代表上海市科学技术协会,对这次会议的召开表示热烈的祝贺！对来自华东地区各省的青年地学科技工作     

“华东六省一市首届青年地学科技论坛”开幕词

各位来宾、各位青年朋友,同志们: 在华东各省市国土资源厅(局)、地质学会和广大青年地质工作者的热情关心和大力支持下,华东六省一市首届青年地学科技论坛今天开幕了。首先,我对论坛的胜利召开表示热烈的祝贺！向出席今天开幕式的各位代表、各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢！并借此机会向华东地区常年工作在科研、生产第一线的广大青年地质工作者,致以崇高的敬意！     

孙龙德同志荣获第六届光华工程科技奖——青年奖

光华工程科技奖是面向在工程科学技术及管理领域做出重要贡献、取得杰出成就的中国籍工程师、科学家。本奖每两年颁奖一次，分为：“成就奖”、“工程奖”和“青年奖”三类。奖励名额为：“成就奖”1名；“工程奖”不超过16名，中国工程院每个学部专业领域不超过2名；“青年奖”不超过8名，中国工程院每个学部专业领域不超过1名。     

开幕词

各位理事、各位代表: 中国地质学会第四次代表大会现在开幕了。这次大会是在华国锋同志为首的党中央粉碎“四人帮”以后地质学会召开的一次盛会。也是继1962年中国地质学会第三十二届年会和第三次会员代表大会以来的一次盛会。回忆过去十余年来,在林彪、“四人帮”的封建法西斯的文化专制主义和愚民政策的摧残和破坏下,学会组织瘫痪,学术活动被迫停止,科技人员被迫害、被歧视、被压抑,     

办好中国地质学会，无愧其光荣历史和崇高声望

各位理事，同志们： 在各位理事和同志们的共同努力下，理事会扩大会议顺利地完成了各项议程，选举产生了新一届理事会。理事会选举我担任理事长，我深感责任重大。中国地质学会于1922年创立，是有着悠久历史的学会，现有近5万名会员，出了不少院士专家和领导人物，是人才荟萃的学会；同时，地质科学强盛的生命力，地质工作的特殊重要性，也决定她将是永远年轻的学会。正如上午宋南平书记、张宏仁主席所说，她是在国内外有重大影响的学术团体。上午毓川同志总结了第37届理事会的成就，新一届理事会要在中国科学技术协会的指导下，在各位理事和同志们的支持下，努力完成各项任务，使中国地质学会在开创地质工作新局面，     

第7次全国青年工程地质学术研讨会综述

2017年8月25—28日,第1届巴东国际地质灾害学术论坛暨第7次青年工程地质学术研讨会在湖北省巴东县顺利召开。第7次青年工程地质学术研讨会的主题为“滑坡稳定性评价与防治”,由中国地质大学（武汉）与中国地质学会工程地质专业委员会青年工作委员会联合承办,共有来自国内外71家单位（包括高校、科研院所和工程行业单位等）的近200位代表参会。研讨会由学术研讨和会后野外地质考察两部分组成。其中,学术研讨包括特邀报告、交流讨论和特邀专家点评3个环节。会上各位学者在自由、活跃的氛围下,围绕滑坡稳定性评价与防治研究中的热点和难点问题,深入探讨交流与互动,达到了共享新思想、发散新思维和提炼新观点的目的。同时,组委会秘书处建立了本次研讨会微信交流群,为参会代表提供了实时的线上交流平台。     

青年地学工作者对地球科学的发展负有重任——中国地质学会王弭力秘书长在华东地区首届青年地学科技论坛上的讲话

各位领导、各位来宾、青年朋友们: 今天,华东六省一市的地学专家们,聚集在美丽的东方明珠——上海,进行以地学为主的多学科研究成果的交流,我代表中国地质学会和田凤山理事长对这次论坛的举办表示热烈的祝贺！向支持这次论坛召开的上海市房屋土地资源管理局等单位表示衷心的感谢！     

第5次全国青年工程地质学术研讨会综述

2016年5月6～7日,第5次全国青年工程地质学术研讨会在南京大学仙林校区顺利召开。本次研讨会是第三届工程地质专业委员会青年工作委员会成立以来组织召开的第一次围绕某一具体主题的学术会议,共有355位青年工作者参会。会议结合南京大学工程地质学科的研究特色,以“土体工程地质特性与结构”为主题,举行了20场特邀专题报告,报告内容丰富多彩,深度与广度兼备。本次研讨会是国内工程地质及相关领域青年学者开展讨论和深入交流的一次盛会,对推进青年学者之间的学术交流、加强与岩土工程等相关学科的学术纽带、锻炼青年学者的沟通组织能力、促进青年人才的成长起到了积极作用。     

第6次全国青年工程地质学术研讨会综述

2017年7月21~23日,第6次全国青年工程地质学术研讨会在成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室顺利召开。本次研讨会是第三届工程地质专业委员会青年工作委员会成立以来组织召开的第二次围绕某一具体主题的学术会议,共有来自全国68家单位,包括高校、科研院所和工程单位的185位青年工作者参会。会议结合成都理工大学地质工程学科的研究特色,以“复杂条件下地质灾害形成机理与风险评价”为主题,举行了13场特邀专题报告、10场学术报告、3场圆桌讨论和1天的地震灾区野外考察,报告内容丰富多彩,涉及理论研究、试验研究与工程实践,深度与广度兼备。本次研讨会是国内工程地质及相关领域青年学者开展讨论和深入交流的一次盛会,对推进青年学者之间的学术交流与合作、加强多学科之间的交叉融合创新、促进“产、学、研”结合的成果转化、促进青年人才的成长起到了积极作用。     

关注科学基金项目的基础性，进一步提高申请项目水平

2004年度地球科学五处共受理各类项目397项，较2003年(296项)有较大的增长。其中：面上项目363项(自由申请256项，青年科学基金89项，地区科学基金18项)；“天气、气候系统的物理动力学”优先资助领域重点项目14项；国家杰出青年科学基金(17项)与海外青年学者合作研究基金(3项)共计20项。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

Composition,formation conditions,and genesis of the Talatui gold deposit,the Eastern Transbaikal Region,Russia

The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag₂Te) and matildite (AgBiS₂). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

藏北羌塘丁固—加措地区康托组的时代

自西藏区域地质调查大队创建康托组以来,康托组岩石地层单位广泛应用于羌塘地区,普遍认为其时代为新近纪。笔者于丁固—加措地区的康托组地层中采获古近纪轮藻化石Obtusochara sp．,O．1anpingensis,Gyrogona qinajiangica和部分孢粉化石,并在康托组底部安山岩中获K—Ar年龄65．1-66．5Ma。上述轮藻组合与同住素年龄指示的地层时代为古新世一始新世,据此将测区康托组的时代确定为古近纪。由于测区康托组之上被唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组角度不整合覆盖,因此康托组时代的确定不仅进一步完善了测区新生代地层系统,还指示测区在康托组与唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组之间发生了一次强烈的构造运动。