单元两相气液包裹体热力学方程的推导和应用

Three thermodynamical equations, for unitary two-phase fluid inclusions have been deduced. (1) The thermodynamical equation for mutual transformation between gas and liquid phases in fluid inclusions. The transformation direction from one phase to the other can be known in terms of the density and filling degree of gas and liquid. (2) The thermodynamical equation for pressure effect on temperature after homogenization of fluid inclusions. The coefficient of P-T variation is directly proportional to the fining degree of gas phase and inversely to the density of gas phase and liquid phase. Equations for homogenization, decrepitation and formation temperatures of fluid inclusions can be inferred from. this equation. (3) The thermodynomical equation for decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions. Many factors have effects on the decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions.Decrepitation temperature cannot be considered in any case as formation temperature.Thermal and vapor halos produced by decrepitation of minerals of the same kind and the same period from the same locality are worthy of consideration.     

祁连造山带玉石沟地幔橄榄岩中挥发分的流体化学和稳定同位素组成及古大洋岩石圈演化意义

Fluid inclusions in olivine and orthopyroxene of mantle peridotites from the Yushigou ophiolite can be divided into three types based on decrepitation temperature,shape and distribution.Type-1 fluid inclusions are characterized by oval or negative crystal shapes and small size(<5μm across).They occur in the cores and mantles of the host crystals,and decrepitated at>840℃.Type- 2 fluid inclusions have irregular or tabular shapes with relatively large size(10～100μm in length).They occur in irregular or circular healed micro-fractures in the host crystals,and decrepitated at 612～710℃.Type-3 fluid inclusions have size and shape,similar to type-2 fluid inclusions but occur in micro-fractures restricted to the margins of the host crystals,and decrepitated at much lower temperature from 190℃to 340℃.The three different types of fluid inclusions are interpreted to represent primary,metasomatic (pseudo-secondary)and secondary inclusions,respectively.Stepwise heating reveals three concentration peaks of volatiles at 200～400℃,400～800℃and 800～1200℃released from olivine and orthopyroxene in harzburgite and dunite from the Yushigou ophiolite, which are considered to correspond to the decrepitation of secondary,metasomatic and primary fluid inclusions at similar temperature ranges.CO2 is a major constituent in the volatiles released at three different temperature intervals.Trace amounts of H_2 and N_2 are present in the volatiles released at<800℃and trace amounts of H_2O and SO_2 are mainly present in the volatiles at 400～800℃.TheδD(-95.2‰,-306.3‰)of H_2O and theδ~(13)C(-15.5～-12.5‰)andδ~(18)O values(1.4～1.9‰)of CO_2 released at<800℃are lower than normal mantle values and suggest the mixing origin of crustal fluids( sedimentary organic)with ocean water,implying that Yushigou AOLM had undergone an intensive metasomatism by a fluid composed of CO_2.H_2O and SO_2,and followed by degassing. In contrast,the volatiles released at 800～1200℃are characterized by trace amounts of H_2 and CO in dunite and SO_2 in harzburgite, much lighterδ~(13)C(-29.1‰～-19.5‰),heavierδ~(13)O(8.8‰)of CO_2 and positive relationship between these isotopic ratios and the concentration of CO_2.Such features can be best explained by mixing of significant terrestrial crustal(organic)and minor mantle volatiles.We proposed that the Yishigou peridotites are more likely to have derived from a continental lithosphere instead of an oceanic lithosphere comprising the Yishigou gabbros and pillowed basalts.A supra-subduction tectonic setting is thus inferred for the Yushigou ophiolite.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000590

This paper reviews the origin and evolution of fluid inclusions in ultramafic xenoliths,providing a framework for interpreting the chemistry of mantle fluids in the different geodynamic settings.Fluid inclusion data show that in the shallow mantle,at depths below about 100 km,the dominant fluid phase is CO_2±brines,changing to alkali-,carbonate-rich(silicate) melts at higher pressures.Major solutes in aqueous fluids are chlorides,silica and alkalis(saline brines;5-50 wt.%NaCl eq.).Fluid inclusions in peridotites record CO_2 fluxing from reacting metasomatic carbonate-rich melts at high pressures,and suggest significant upper-mantle carbon outgassing over time.Mantle-derived CO_2(±brines) may eventually reach upper-crustal levels,including the atmosphere,independently from,and additionally to magma degassing in active volcanoes.     

内蒙古东升庙矿床岩浆热液叠加成矿作用——来自地质与矿物包裹体测温的证据

The Dongshengmiao Pb-Zn deposit located in the Mesoproterozoic aulacogen in a passive continental margin in the north- west margin of the North-China Craton is widely considered to be a untypical SEDEX deposit.Recently,new types of mineralization such as chalcopyrite veins and re-crystallized sphalerite ores with visible hydrothermal alteration have been found in the deposit at depth.In this paper we report the decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in chalcopyrite,sphalerite and quartz from these new types of ores.The decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in chalcopyrite(4 samples),sphalerite(2 samples)and quartz(5 samples)are 303～456℃,97～497℃,146～350℃and 350～556℃,respectively.The decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in the vein-type chalcopyrite are similar to the decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in chalcopyrite from the Hercynian Oubulage porphyry Cu-Au deposit(313～514℃)and the Chehugou porphyry Cu-Mo deposit(277～485℃),supporting our interpretation that the Dongshengmiao deposit was overprinted by magmatic hydrothermal mineralization.The decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in re-crystallized sphalerite from the Dongshengmiao deposit are characterized by two peaks,97～358℃and 358～497℃.The decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz in ehalcopyrite veins from the Dongshengmiao deposit are also characterized by two peaks,146～350℃and 350～556℃.The lower and higher temperature peaks in both cases are considered to represent two separate mineralization events,original SEDEX mineralization and magmatic hydrothermal overprinting,respectively.The higher decrepitation temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz and sphalerite from the Dongshengmiao deposit are similar to the decrepitation temperatures(340～526℃)of fluid inclusions in sphalerite from the Baiyinnuoer skarn-type Pb-Zn deposit in the region. Replacement of pyrite by sphalerite and overgrowth of chalcopyrite on pyrite in the Dongshengmiao support our interpretation that the original SEDEX mineralization was overprinted by magmatic hydrothermal activity in the deposit.Our results suggest that there may be separate porphyry and skarn-type deposits related to Hercynian magmatism and associated hydrothermal activities in the Langshan area, which are potential exploration targets in the future.     

Fluid Inclusions and Metallization of the Kendekeke Polymetallic Deposit in Qinghai Province,China

The Kendekeke polymetallic deposit, located in the middle part of the magmatic arc belt of Qimantag on the southwestern margin of the Qaidam Basin, is a polygenetic compound deposit in the Qimantag metallogenic belt of Qinghai Province. Multi-periodic ore-forming processes occurred in this deposit, including early-stage iron mineralization and lead-zinc-gold-polymetallic mineralization which was controlled by later hydrothermal process. The characteristics of the ore-forming fluids and mineralization were discussed by using the fluid inclusion petrography, Laser Raman Spectrum and micro-thermometry methods. Three stages, namely, S1-stage(copper-iron-sulfide stage), S2-stage(lead-zinc-sulfide stage) and C-stage(carbonate stage) were included in the hydrothermal process as indicated by the results of this study. The fluid inclusions are in three types: aqueous inclusion(type I), CO2-aqueous inclusion(type II) and pure CO2 inclusion(type III). Type I inclusions were observed in the S1-stage, having homogenization temperature at 240–320oC, and salinities ranging from 19.8% to 25.0%(wt % NaCl equiv.). All three types of inclusions, existing as immiscible inclusion assemblages, were presented in the S2-stage, with the lowest homogenization temperature ranging from 175 oC to 295oC, which represents the metallogenic temperature of the S2-stage. The salinities of these inclusions are in the range of 1.5% to 16%. The fluid inclusions in the C-stage belong to types I, II and III, having homogenization temperatures at 120–210oC, and salinities ranging from 0.9% to 14.5%. These observations indicate that the ore-forming fluids evolved from high-temperature to lowtemperature, from high-salinity to low-salinity, from homogenization to immiscible separation. Results of Laser Raman Spectroscopy show that high density of CO2 and CH4 were found as gas compositions in the inclusions. CO2, worked as the pH buffer of ore-forming fluids, together with reduction of organic gases(i.e. CH4, etc), affected the transport and sediment of the minerals. The fluid system alternated between open and close systems, namely, between lithostatic pressure and hydrostatic pressure systems. The calculated metallogenic pressures are in the range of 30 to 87 Mpa corresponding to 3 km mineralization depth. Under the influence of tectonic movements, immiscible separation occurred in the original ore-forming fluids, which were derived from the previous highsalinity, high-temperature magmatic fluids. The separation of CO2 changed the physicochemical properties and composition of the original fluids, and then diluted by mixing with extraneous fluids such as meteoric water and groundwater, and metallogenic materials in the fluids such as lead, zinc and gold were precipitated.     

Characteristics and Applications of Fluid Inclusions in the Eogene System of the Biyang Depression—I.A Fluid Inclusion Study

Presented in this paper are the rypes,salinities,homogenization temperatures and organic components of fluid inclusions formed at the four stages of diagenetic authigenesis in the Eogene of the Biyang Depression.The results of cooling experiments on fluid inclusions were used to determine the fluid system and composition of saline aqueous solution in each of the stages .The homogenization temperatures of saline aqueous solution inclusions and hydrocarbon organic inclu-sions have been corrected by two approaches ,and the trapping temperatures and pressures of fluid inclusions at each of the stages have been obtained.This strdy has shed light on the physicochemistry and evolution of diagenetic fluids.The diagentic fluid system is a system which was transformed from a chloride-bearing to a carbonate-bearing system along with the diagenic evolu-tion.The decrease of diagenetic temperature at Stage III of diagenetic authigenesis suggests that the depression would have experiences uplifting at that time.The fluorescent characteristics of fluid inclusions indicate the varieties of organic components in fluid inclusions both in time and in space.     

俄罗斯Chukchi半岛新生代碱性岩的形成和演化：熔体和流体包裹体证据

Melt and fluid inclusions were studied in the minerals of Cenozoic olivine melanephelinites from the Chukchi Peninsula, Russia.The rock contain several generations of olivine phenocrysts varying in composition at mg=0.88～0.77.The phenocrysts bear fluid and melt inclusions recording various stages of melt crystallization in volcanic conduits and shallow magma chambers.Primary fluid inclusions are CO_2-dominated with a density of up to O.93 g/cm~3.All fluid inclusions are partially leaked,which is indicated by haloes of tiny fluid bubbles around large fluid inclusions in minerals.Melt inclusions contain various daughter crystals,which were completely resorbed in thermometric experiments at about 1230℃.Assuming that this temperature corresponds to the entrapment conditions of the CO_2 fluid inclusions,the minimum pressure of the beginning of magma degassing is estimated as 800MPa.Variations in the compositions of homogenized silicate melt inclusions indicate that olivine was the earliest crystalline phase followed by clinopyroxene,nepheline and orthoclase.This sequence is in agreement with the mineralogy of the rocks.The melts are strongly enriched in incompatible trace elements and volatiles(in addition to CO_2,high C1,F,and S contents were detected).There are some differences between the compositions of melts trapped in minerals from different samples.Variations in SiO_2,FeO,and incompatible element contents are probably related to melt generations at various levels in a homogeneous mantle reservoir.     

A Study of Ore-forming Fluids in the Shimensi Tungsten Deposit, Dahutang Tungsten Polymetallic Ore Field, Jiangxi Province, China

The Dahutang tungsten polymetallic ore field is located north of the Nanling W-Sn polymetallic metallogenic belt and south of the Middle—Lower Yangtze River Valley Cu-Mo-Au-Fe porphyry-skarn belt.It is a newly discovered ore field,and probably represents the largest tungsten mineralization district in the world.The Shimensi deposit is one of the mineral deposits in the Dahutang ore field,and is associated with Yanshanian granites intruding into a Neoproterozoic granodiorite batholith.On the basis of geologic studies,this paper presents new petrographic,microthermometric,laser Raman spectroscopic and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic studies of fluid inclusions from the Shimensi deposit.The results show that there are three types of fluid inclusions in quartz from various mineralization stages:liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions,vapor-rich two-phase fluid inclusions,and three-phase fluid inclusions containing a solid crystal,with the vast majority being liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions.In addition,melt and melt-fluid inclusions were also found in quartz from pegmatoid bodies in the margin of the Yanshanian intrusion.The homogenization temperatures of liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions in quartz range from 162 to 363℃ and salinities are 0.5wt%-9.5wt%NaCI equivalent.From the early to late mineralization stages,with the decreasing of the homogenization temperature,the salinity also shows a decreasing trend.The ore-forming fluids can be approximated by a NaCl-H_2O fluid system,with small amounts of volatile components including CO_2,CH_4 and N_2,as suggested by Laser Raman spectroscopic analyses.The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data show that δ5D_(V-smow) values of bulk fluid inclusions in quartz from various mineralization stages vary from-63.8‰ to-108.4‰,and the δ~(18)O_(H2O) values calculated from the δ~(18)O_(V-)smow values of quartz vary from-2.28‰ to 7.21‰.These H-O isotopic data are interpreted to indicate that the ore-forming fluids are mainly composed of magmatic water in the early stage,and meteoric water was added and participated in mineralization in the late stage.Integrating the geological characteristics and analytical data,we propose that the ore-forming fluids of the Shimensi deposit were mainly derived from Yanshanian granitic magma,the evolution of which resulted in highly differentiated melt,as recorded by melt and melt-fluid inclusions in pegmatoid quartz,and high concentrations of metals in the fluids.Cooling of the ore-forming fluids and mixing with meteoric water may be the key factors that led to mineralization in the Dahutang tungsten polymetallic ore field.     

A Review of Fluid Inclusions in Diagenetic Systems

The study of fluid inclusions can help constrain the conditions at which diagenetic minerals precipitated, leading to a better understanding of the geologic controls and relative timing of changes in porosity and/or mineralising events. Many of the diagenetic minerals are easily deformed and it is important to check for any post-entrapment changes to the inclusions. Possible post-entrapment changes include reaction with the host crystal, necking down, nucleation metastability and thermal re-equilibration. The recommended method of detecting these problems is to examine individual fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) and report data for each individual FIA. These studies have been enhanced by the development of new micro-analytical techniques such as micro-fluorescence spectroscopy, micro-infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, various mass spectrometry techniques and the analysis of individual fluid inclusions using laser ablation/decrepitation methods. Special techniques have been developed for hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions such as the Grains containing Oil Inclusions (GOI), Fluid Inclusion Stratigraphy (FIS), and the Molecular Composition of Inclusions (MCI) techniques. The fluid inclusions that form in some minerals during diagenesis provide the only direct means of examining the fluids present in these systems. They provide useful temperature, pressure, and fluid composition data that cannot be obtained by other means.     

A Preliminary Study on Fluid Inclusions and Mineralization of Xitieshan Sedimentary-Exhalative (SEDEX) Lead-Zinc Deposit

The Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit is located at the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province, China, and had developed a complete marine sedimentary-exhalative system. Our preliminary study of ore-forming fluids shows that fluid inclusions in quartz from altered stockwork rocks that represent the pipe facies have a wide range of temperature and salinity. The intense fluid activities are characteristics of the pipe facies of the exhalative system. Fluid inclusions in carbonates near the unstratified ore bodies hosted in the thick-bedded marble which represents vent-proximal facies are large in size and have moderate to high temperatures. They represent unerupted sub-seafloor fluid activity. Fluids in altered stockwork rocks and carbonates have similar H2O-NaCl-CO2 system, both belonging to the sedimentary-exhalative system. The fluids migrate from the pipe facies to the unstratified ore bodies. Boiling of the fluids causes the separation of CO2 vapor and liquid H2O. When the fluids migrate into the unconsolidated thick-bedded marble, the escape of CO2, decreasing temperature and pressure as well as some involvement of seawater into the fluids result in the unmixing of fluids with high and low salinity and deposition of ore-forming materials. The two unmixed fluids were trapped in unconsolidated carbonates and the ore-forming materials were deposited in the unconsolidated carbonates to form the sedimentary-exhalative type unstratified ore bodies. The ore-forming temperature of unstratified ore bodies is up to high temperature indicating that there is a huge ore-forming potential in its deep.     

初论浅成作用和热液矿床成因分类

通过简单列举现有金矿床类型的名称,发现热液矿床分类命名混乱、繁杂、缺乏科学逻辑,严重制约着教学、科研和找矿勘探事业的发展,原因是对于深度<10 km、温度为50~300 ℃条件下的地质作用研究薄弱,缺乏概念描述,构成认识盲区,因此提出了浅成作用(epizonogenism)的概念,用于概括深度<10 km、温度为50~300 ℃条件下的地质作用。藉此将热液矿床划分为浅成热液、变质热液和岩浆热液等3个成因端员;确定浅成、变质和岩浆流体的特征分别是低盐度 贫CO₂、低盐度 富CO₂和高盐度 CO₂含量变化大;岩浆热液矿床发育含多种子晶包裹体和高盐度富CO₂的包裹体,变质热液矿床发育低盐度富CO₂包裹体,浅成热液矿床只发育水溶液包裹体,缺乏含子晶包裹体和富/含CO₂包裹体。     

贵州水银洞金矿床成矿流体不混溶的包裹体证据

通过对水银洞金矿床中流体包裹体的观测和热力学参数计算,探讨了成矿流体不混溶的热力学条件。研究结果表明,该矿床石英中的流体包裹体分为H_2O包裹体、CO_2包裹体和CO_2-H_2O包裹体三大类,并以富含CO_2-H_2O包裹体为特征,CO_2-H_2O包裹体可进一步划分为富H_2O相CO_2-H_2O包裹体和富CO_2相CO_2-H_2O包裹体。加热时富H_2O相CO_2-H_2O包裹体完全均一成H_2O相;而富CO_2相CO_2-H_2O包裹体完全均一成CO_2相,而且二者的完全均一温度和完全均一压力一致,说明它们是同时期捕获的CO_2-低盐水不混溶流体包裹体组合。它们形成时的热力学条件是:形成温度236℃,形成压力324 bar(1bar=10~5Pa);共存两相流体密度:低盐水相0.900 g/cm~3,CO_2相0.314 g/cm~3;共存两相中CO_2的摩尔分数:低盐水相0.0376,CO_2相0.7337;水溶液含盐度w(NaCl)约为1.3%。     

江西茅排金矿流体包裹体研究

流体包裹体的系统研究表明茅排金矿形成于中高温、中低压环境。从成矿早期至成矿晚期,成矿温度和压力、成矿流体的盐度、密度、Eh、pH、fo_2以及成分和氢氧同位素组成等具一定的演化规律。成矿流体主要来自岩浆热液,属H_2O-NaCl-CO_2(+CH_4)体系,富含CO_2、CH_4等挥发分。成矿晚期成矿流体出现不混溶性,有利于金的富集沉淀。流体包裹体中某些特征参数K~+/Na~+、CO_2/H_2O和含CO_2包裹体的丰度可作为金矿化贫富的判别标志。     

Fluid inclusion characteristics of mesothermal gold deposits in the Xiaoqinling district, Shaanxi and Henan Provinces, People's Republic of China

Fluid inclusions were studied in quartz samples from early (stage I) gold-poor quartz veins and later (stage II) gold- and sulphide-rich quartz veins from the Wenyu, Dongchuang, Qiangma, and Guijiayu mesothermal gold deposits in the Xiaoqinling district, China. Fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometry, and bulk gas analyses show remarkably consistent fluid composition in all studied deposits. Primary inclusions in quartz samples are dominated by mixed CO₂-H₂O inclusions, which have a wide range in CO₂ content and coexist with lesser primary CO₂-rich and aqueous inclusions. In addition, a few secondary aqueous inclusions are found along late-healed fractures. Microthermometry and bulk gas analyses suggest hydrothermal fluids with typically 15–30 mol% CO₂ in stage I inclusions and 10–20 mol% CO₂ in stage II inclusions. Estimates of fluid salinity decrease from 7.4–9.2 equivalent wt.% NaCl to 5.7–7.4 equivalent wt.% NaCl between stage I and II. Primary aqueous inclusions in both stages show consistent salinity with, but slightly lower Th _total than, their coexistent CO₂-H₂O inclusions. The coexisting CO₂-rich, CO₂-H₂O, and primary aqueous inclusions in both stage I and II quartz are interpreted to have been trapped during unmixing of a homogeneous CO₂-H₂O parent fluid. The homogenisation temperatures of the primary aqueous inclusions give an estimate of trapping temperature of the fluids. Trapping conditions are typically 300–370 °C and 2.2 kbar for stage I fluids and 250–320 °C and 1.6 kbar for stage II fluids. The CO₂-H₂O stage I and II fluids are probably from a magmatic source, most likely devolatilizing Cretaceous Yanshanian granitoids. The study demonstrates that gold is largely deposited as pressures and temperatures fall accompanying fluid immiscibility in stage II veins. Received: 15 May 1997 / Accepted: 10 June 1998     

山东沂南金铜铁矿床中的液态不混溶作用与成矿：流体包裹体和氢氧同位素 证据

沂南矽卡岩型金铜铁矿床产于燕山期中酸性侵入岩与新太古界—寒武系地层接触带附近。氢、氧同位素研究表明,早期干矽卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)和湿矽卡岩-磁铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)的成矿流体主要为岩浆水,晚期石英-硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)的成矿流体则显示有大气降水混入的岩浆水特点。流体包裹体研究表明,成矿各阶段热液矿物中的包裹体类型丰富,以气液两相盐水包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体和CO2-H2O包裹体为主,次为纯液相水包裹体和纯气相水包裹体,偶见晶质熔融包裹体。由Ⅰ→Ⅱ→Ⅲ→Ⅳ阶段,气液水包裹体均一温度(520～430℃→430～340℃→250～190℃→190～130℃)呈现逐渐降低的趋势。在Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的石榴子石和绿帘石中,晶质熔融包裹体与同期次捕获的具不同气相分数的气液水包裹体及含子晶的多相包裹体共生,表明它们被捕获时是一种熔体与流体共存的不混溶状态。在Ⅲ阶段的石英(少量Ⅱ阶段的绿帘石)中,常见气相充填度变化很大的气液水包裹体与同期次捕获的纯液相水包裹体、纯气相水包裹体、含子晶的多相包裹体以及CO2-H2O包裹体共生,且共生的不同类型包裹体均一温度相近,表明此阶段成矿流体曾发生过广泛的沸腾(不混溶)。因而认为,在沂南矿床由岩浆...     

Decrepitometry of fluid inclusions in quartz from the guadalcazar granite of Mexico; principles and application to mineral exploration

A simple acoustic decrepitometric method, with which samples of granite quartz are heated to about 600°C while the number of decrepitations are counted, has been developed to study rock samples derived from the mineralized guadalcazar granite in Mexico. Decrepitation temperatures for individual inclusions have also been determined by observing the point at which they rupture upon heating using a microscope heating stage. Decrepitation temperatures of individual fluid inclusions in granite quartz are influenced by a variety of factors notably size, shape, composition, homogenization temperature and proximity to the surface. There is a positive correlation between total decrepitation activity and fluid inclusion abundances (determined optically using point counting methods). Decrepitographs show a period of low intensity decrepitation activity below 390°C followed by a period of intensive decrepitation up to 570°C. The onset of massive decrepitation at around 390°C is constant for all samples, but variations in decrepitation activity often occur between mineralized and barren samples. These variations reflect complex differences in the fluid inclusion populations, but illustrate the potential for applying simple audio-decrepitometry as an aid to mineral exploration in granite terrains.     

成矿环境中的高密度碳质流体:以阿尔泰南缘为例

碳质流体(CO2-CH4-N2体系流体)常见于地幔橄榄岩和下地壳麻粒岩中。近期研究表明,阿尔泰南缘晚古生代成矿环境中的碳质流体极为丰富,不仅在造山型金矿中赋存大量与成矿有关的碳质流体,而且在VMS型矿床中也存在同造山期的变质碳质流体。由共生的富CO2包裹体(LCO2-LH2O型)和H2O-CO2包裹体(LH2O-LCO2型)的均一温度推测,造山型金矿的碳质流体捕获温度大于254～394.5℃,压力大于150～320MPa;VMS矿床的变质碳质流体捕获温度大于209～430℃,压力大于180～300MPa,两者具相似的捕获温度压力条件。碳质流体的捕获温度压力条件与变质相带相平衡计算的变质温度、压力范围相当。碳质流体源于区域变质作用,并参与了与造山型金矿有关的构造-变质-流体-成矿作用和对VMS型矿床的变质改造作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部地区马家沟组断裂控制天然气运移方向的流体包裹体证据

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地中部地区马家沟组成藏期次和天然气运移方向与断裂活动的相关性,利用流体包裹体岩相学观察、激光拉曼光谱分析、均一温度和冰点温度的测定以及热力学PVT模拟方法对奥陶系马家沟组马五段储层的岩心样品进行了成分、温度和压力的测定与恢复.结果表明:构造裂缝脉体中充填的矿物为方解石、白云石和菱镁矿;脉体中共有4类流体包裹体,分别为富甲烷气体包裹体、含CO₂富甲烷气体包裹体、含甲烷盐水包裹体和盐水包裹体,这4类流体包裹体均存在于方解石脉体中;构造裂缝脉体和溶孔中含甲烷流体包裹体的均一温度在130.1~179.6 ℃之间,与含甲烷流体包裹体同期的盐水包裹体的均一温度范围为112.3~173.3 ℃.结合生排烃史和埋藏史,证明早白垩世是马家沟组天然气的主要成藏期.沿断裂分布的各井的捕获压力和压力系数呈现由西南向东北递减的趋势,早白垩世的构造运动在北东向的断层中产生大量构造裂缝,为天然气的运移提供了通道,证明含甲烷的流体沿北东向断裂运移并充注成藏.      

流体包裹体爆裂法测温技术可靠性讨论——以江西大吉山钨矿为例

爆裂法是一种经济快速的流体包裹体测温技术,由于该技术的影响因素较多且测试精度往往不是很高,历来受到很多学者的质疑。为了讨论爆裂法测温技术的可靠性,在前人研究的基础上,利用冷热台对大吉山钨矿含矿石英脉中的包裹体爆裂温度进行了显微测温,分析了包裹体个体大小对爆裂温度的影响,发现两者之间存在着明显的反相关性;同时,对数据的进一步分析发现爆裂法测温曲线反映的爆裂峰是2期3类包裹体爆裂叠加的结果,但是实验测得的爆裂温度区间与爆裂法测温结果基本上是吻合的,这说明爆裂法测温技术虽然有较多的影响因素,但是在一定程度上是可靠的,尤其是在找矿勘探方面其潜力很大,值得推广应用。