高含盐水对浮选的影响与应对措施研究进展

采用高盐分、高硬度的海水、苦卤水、高循环选矿回水等高含盐水进行浮选将是未来沿海缺水地区选矿行业发展的必经之路,这些高含盐水中高浓度离子对矿物浮选的影响机理一直是选矿研究的热点之一。本文回顾了国内外学者在海水、苦卤水、高循环选矿回水等对矿物浮选影响及其作用机制方面的研究工作,系统分析了高含盐水中离子对浮选气泡、矿物表面性质以及浮选药剂的影响。高含盐水给矿物浮选带来众多积极影响,包括降低气泡表面张力产生数量更多、稳定性更强的气泡,提高矿化泡沫形成几率;压缩矿物表面双电层,减弱矿物颗粒之间的静电力,减小细粒脉石矿物浮选过程中的夹带等。同时,高含盐水中的离子也会消耗浮选药剂,且强碱性条件下高价碱金属离子在矿物表面形成亲水沉淀降低矿物可浮性,影响选矿指标。针对高含盐水的负面影响,认为主要应对措施包括研发消除高钙镁离子影响和高耐受性药剂以及淡化、软化高盐水,这也是未来使用高含盐水浮选必然关注的重点。     

甘肃金川铜镍矿石中MgO对浮选的影响

金川铜镍矿浮选精矿中MgO高,影响闪速熔炼。对金川主力矿山二矿区矿石中MgO分布特征与赋存状态的研究,分析影响浮选过程中MgO难以抑制原因。认为矿石本身MgO含量高、矿石蚀变严重、含镁矿物自然可浮性的良好是造成精矿中MgO高的主要原因。提出研究含镁矿物的浮选特性和矿石的矿物组成特点是精矿降镁的前提。     

硫化矿浮选粗精矿再磨工艺对矿物表面性质的影响

随着矿产资源开发利用程度的逐年加剧,目前大部分有色金属选厂处理的都是品位低、嵌布粒度细的复杂多金属矿,为提高有价金属的选矿回收率、降低磨矿成本,大部分选厂都采用"阶段磨矿、阶段选别"工艺,其中以浮选粗精矿的再磨最为常见.硫化矿浮选粗精矿的再磨可显著提高磨矿效率及目的 矿物解离度,但生产实践中大部分选厂仅关注目的 矿物的解离度,而忽视了硫化矿浮选粗精矿再磨过程中磨矿介质、磨矿方式、矿浆电化学环境等多种因素对矿物表面性质及浮选行为的影响.文章系统总结了硫化矿浮选粗精矿矿物组成特点及矿浆化学性质的基础上,综述了硫化矿浮选粗精矿再磨过程中磨机类型及磨矿方式、磨矿介质材质及形状、矿浆电化学环境、药剂浓度等多种因素对再磨后矿物表面性质及浮选行为的影响规律,指出通过精矿再磨工艺参数及矿浆电化学环境的合理优化调整,增强矿物表面间的亲水/疏水性差异,提高精选分离效果应是未来硫化矿浮选粗精矿再磨研究关注的重要方向.     

晶体化学基本原理在浮选分离中的意义

<正> 浮选方法是现代矿物分离中应用得比较广泛而义先进的工艺。可是,人们应用浮选方法分离矿物时,往往单纯地考虑矿物的表面性质,很少注意到它的内在联系。因此,对同类矿石的选别不能达到同样好的效果。晶体化学则是研究晶体的化学组成,内部结     

微细粒矿物疏水聚团的研究现状及进展

随着矿山开采矿石嵌布粒度的日益变细,微细粒矿物的分选已经成为目前矿物分选的一个重要组成部分,越来越受到人们的关注。选择性疏水聚团能够有效处理微细粒矿物,是目前分选微细粒矿物最有效的途径之一。介绍了微细粒矿物的分选特性及疏水聚团的形成机理,分析了剪切絮凝浮选、载体浮选、油团聚分选、乳化浮选、两液分离等主要疏水聚团分选工艺的研究现状及疏水聚团的主要影响因素。展望了疏水聚团研究在煤泥水微细粒聚团沉降方面的应用前景。     

含钼白钨矿的矿物学特征、晶体结构与可浮性

针对白钨矿-钼钙矿系列矿物在选矿实践中浮选行为的差异,本文在对某钨钼矿床中的典型钨矿物——含钼白钨矿进行工艺矿物学研究的基础上,从矿物晶体化学角度出发,探讨矿物晶体结构和浮选行为之间的关系,为该类型矿物的浮选行为以及浮选药剂的选择提供理论指导。结果表明,该矿石中的含钼白钨矿为钨的主要回收矿物,WO₃占有率达99%,矿物晶格中约25%的W被Mo呈类质同象替代,导致Ca-O的键合能力降低,造成矿物表面与捕收剂作用的活性质点减少,晶格中阴离子基团[MoO₄]^2-的存在,不利于矿物表面与捕收剂的有效吸附,从而使含钼白钨矿的可浮性降低。     

吉林省长崴子硅灰石矿可选性研究

硅灰石的选矿目的主要是剔除矿石中脉石矿物——石榴石、透辉石、符山石等含铁硅酸盐矿物和方解石、白云石等碳酸盐矿物。作陶瓷用料时含铁矿物是一种染色体,其含量过高会降低陶瓷的白度。方解石含量高时在烧陶过程中产生CO_2,使产品的孔洞增多,导致产品结构松驰。目前,国外常采用磁选法、磁选——浮选法、手选——浮选法,从硅灰石矿石中分离除去含铁硅酸盐矿物和方解石矿物。本文针对长崴子硅灰石矿石含铁低的特点,以及矿石性质及其表面物化特性,研究     

难选氧化锌矿硫化焙烧-浮选试验

针对氧化锌矿浮选分离困难、选矿指标低的问题,提出氧化锌矿硫化焙烧-浮选技术方案。以硫磺为硫化剂,通过硫化焙烧,将氧化锌矿物转化为硫化锌矿物,再使用传统的硫化矿浮选法分选。试验原矿含锌5.13%,氧化率达86.55%,主要脉石矿物为石英和方解石。通过焙烧试验,确定最佳焙烧条件为硫磺添加量3%,焙烧温度650℃,焙烧时间60 min,磨矿细度-74μm占85%;然后通过闭路浮选试验,获得锌品位38.96%、锌回收率86.33%的锌精矿。     

石英与钠长石浮选分离的研究

用十八胺(阳离子捕收剂)和十二烷基磺酸钠(阴离子捕收剂,SDS)作浮选为捕收剂分离石英与钠长石,研究了浮选条件对分离效果的影响以及捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附行为.结果表明,最佳浮选条件是浮选液的pH=2,阴、阳离子捕收剂的浓度分别为3.0×10-6 mol/L和4.0×10-6 mol/L;阴阳离子捕收剂在石英与钠长石两种矿物上表现出相同的吸附行为.在最佳浮选条件下,对不同配比的石英和钠长石混合物进行浮选,石英回收率为14%,钠长石回收率达80%,分离效果显著;对含微量长石的石英矿粉进行浮选,分离效果与石英与钠长石混合物相近.     

单矿物分选学问题的研究

单矿物分选是在重砂分析基础上,发展有磁选、浮选、电磁选、电选、介电选、重磁选和化学选等多方法多手段的单矿物分离方法。其任务是为基础地质、矿床地质及矿产资源综合利用研究提供纯净的测试单矿物样品。     

A method for determination of fine-particle flotability

The modification of a Hallimond tube enabling flotation of very fine particles at low recovery by mechanical entrainment is described. Flotation yields of closely sized fractions of quartz and chalcocite are presented.     

5-alkylsalicylaldoximes as collectors in flotation of sphalerite,smithsonite and dolomite in a Hallimond tube

Flotation tests for sphalerite, smithsonite and dolomite were carried out in a Hallimond tube at various pH values and two concentrations of collector.Adsorption of 5-alkylsalicylaldoximes on the surface of minerals was examined and isotherms for 5-butylsalicylaldoxime plotted.It was shown that sorption intensity of 5-alkylsalicylaldoximes on the surface of minerals decreased in the order: smithsonite, sphalerite and dolomite.Relationship between length of aliphatic chain and collecting activity of 5-alkylsalicylaldoximes was investigated in microflotation tests in a Hallimond tube.5-Propylsalicylaldoxime proved to have the best selectivity in flotation for the range of parameters studied, taking the difference in flotation rates of smithsonite and dolomite as a criterion.It was found that modifications of pH value resulted in changes in both adsorption and flotation.     

Adsorption and flotation behavior of manganese dioxide in the presence of octyl hydroxamate

The adsorption of octyl hydroxamate on electrolytic manganese dioxide was investigated through adsorption studies, electrophoretic mobility measurements, infrared spectroscopy and Hallimond tube flotation. The adsorption measurements at room temperature and flotation studies show that a peak in adsorption density and flotation response occurs around pH 9. IR spectra indicate the presence of basic manganous hydroxamate complex at the surface. The electrophoretic mobility studies suggest that hydroxamate adsorbs specifically at the manganese dioxide/water interface. Adsorption measurements at an elevated temperature show that adsorption density increases with increasing temperature. It is postulated that the reactive species in adsorption could be the hydroxamic acid species.     

Influence of frothers on floatability. II. Flotation of chalcocite and quartz mixtures

Influence of frothers (α-terpineol or n-amyl alcohol) on the floatability of chalcocite and quartz mixtures, with potassium ethyl xanthate as a collector at pH 5.5–6, was investigated with a Hallimond tube.Activation of quartz by the presence of chalcocite was observed and interpreted as due to copper ionic species originating from chalcocite oxidation products. Best selectivity of separation between chalcocite and quartz was obtained when the frother concentration was kept sufficiently low. Collector—frother interactions during formation of three-phase mineral grain/solution/gas bubble contacts were observed.     

Electro-flotation of chalcopyrite fines

Electro-flotation tests were conducted on chalcopyrite particles with a modified Hallimond tube designed for electro-flotation, using platinum anode—copper cathode and graphite anode—copper cathode systems. Flotation tests were carried out for fines of chalcopyrite of size below 20 microns with potassium ethylxanthate as collector. Studies were done on flotation with hydrogen and oxygen separately with the usual variables. Dissolution of chalcopyrite at various current densities, with reagent at optimum conditions and without reagent was also studied. It is observed that electro-flotation particularly with oxygen, is effective in the flotation of fine particles of chalcopyrite.     

Flotation and adsorption studies of chalcopyrite with cupferron

Flotation tests were conducted in a Hallimond tube on chalcopyrite, with a collector system of cupferron and fuel oil. The reagent concentration, pH and conditioning time were studied as variables. The necessity of the fuel oil was verified by conducting experiments without it. Contact-angle measurements have been conducted by the captivebubble technique. From the results it was found that fuel oil is necessary to promote adhesion of the conditioned mineral particles to the air bubbles. Adsorption experiments were carried out in a column apparatus under similar conditions as in flotation, except for the addition of fuel oil. The adsorption density and flotability were high at weakly acidic range where the reagent complexes the metal ions effectively in an aqueous medium.     

The effect of dextrin on surface properties and the flotation of molybdenite

The effect of dextrin on molybdenite surface properties has been investigated experimentally through measurements of zeta potentials, adsorption densities, contact angles, Hallimond tube flotation and oil flotation response. These studies indicate that the adsorption of dextrin on molybdenite occurs through physical interaction with the surface, possibly due to hydrophobic bonding. The hydrophobic bonding mechanism is in accord with the magnitude of the adsorption free energy, which was estimated to be—5.4 kcal per mole of dextrin monomers. Dextrin was found to be a very effective depressant for the air flotation of molybdenite in the absence of a collector, whereas it does not effectively depress molybdenite in an oil flotation process using iso-octane. This has been discussed qualitatively from the contributions of electrical double layer repulsion, van der Waals' attraction, and hydration effects.     

The effect of thermal treatment on the flotation of chrysocolla

Flotation studies using a Hallimond tube have been carried out on purified samples of chrysocolla. The results confirm that by heating the sample to 550°C, flotation of the sulphidized sample with amyl xanthate is considerably improved. Flotation with sodium dodecyl sulphate is also considerably higher. The recovery with cationic collectors is not modified by the thermal treatment.Electrophoretic mobility measurements and flotation studies using benzene instead of air for the collection of the particles suggest that the increase in flotation after thermal treatment is a consequence of (1) an increase in the solubility of copper ions and their adsorption on to the surface of the particles, and (2) an increase of the intrinsic hydrophobicity of the particles due to condensation of some of the free silanol groups on their surface.     

Flotation of fluorite with n-alkylammonium chlorides

Experimental study on the electrokinetic and flotation behaviour of fluorite in solutions of n-alkylammonium chlorides (with 10, 12 and 14 carbon atoms) is given. The zero point of charge (ZPC) of luorite was determined by measuring zeta potential (streaming potential method) as a function of pH. Two conditioning times of the mineral with the solution were used (10 minutes and 48 hours) and the respective ZPC were located at pH 2.2 and 8.4. Decyl-, dodecyl- and tetradecylammonium ions seem to be strongly adsorbed on the interface because they made the zeta potential more positive as the concentration increases. Hallimond tube flotation of fluorite was studied and shown to be influenced by the chain length of the collector and both collector and hydrogen ion concentrations. Flotation recovery for a given concentration of collector increases with the number of carbon atoms of the chain. The results have been discussed in the light of the electrical double-layer theory.     

Interaction of finely ground galena and potassium amylxanthate in relation to flotation, 3. Influence of acid and neutral grinding

Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Hallimond tube flotation and microelectrophoresis have been utilized to investigate the reactions in the adsorption-abstraction of K-amylxanthate on finely ground galena. The mineral was ground in a laboratory stainless steel rod mill under controlled conditions (pH 4.0 and 7.0) using HCl as a pH regulator. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies have been carried out in order to characterize the surface oxidation products after grinding (weak amounts of S_n and PbS₂O₃). The two-stage adsorption process discovered in previous studies was confirmed. For low concentrations or submonolayer capacity, the layer is formed with 1:1 monocoordinated lead xanthate and dixanthogen. For higher values of surface coverage, it is composed of lead xanthate (stoichiometric at pH 7 and non-stoichiometric at pH 4), amyldixanthogen and amylcarbonate disulphide. In the second stage mainly dixanthogen is formed. This stage corresponds to complete flotation and to a sharp decrease in zeta potentials.