基于SPH深度积分模型的海底滑坡数值分析

海底滑坡会对海洋工程结构物造成严重破坏。滑移速度和距离是量化和分析海底滑坡的两个重要参数。目前BING等计算方法在模拟水下土体流动方面存在局限性,因此通过建立考虑土体固结和侵蚀效应的控制方程,选用摩擦流变模型,采用SPH深度积分算法,对海底滑坡进行了模拟研究。对比不同水深、坡度、接触摩擦系数和侵蚀率条件下的滑移体的速度、高度、长度的时程曲线,整理了最大滑移距离和速度,讨论变化规律。研究成果可为海底滑坡灾害预警和海底管线路由选址提供技术参考。     

强海况下波流相互作用对有效波高的影响研究

波流相互作用作为非线性科学的前沿课题,一直受到国内外广大学者的关注。本文以2016年第1号超强台风“尼伯特”为例,基于波流耦合模式研究了台风影响期间强海况下波流相互作用对有效波高的影响。研究表明：（1）波流耦合模式可有效提高强海况下海浪的模拟精度;（2）波流相互作用对有效波高的影响与波向和流向之间的夹角关系密切：当波向与流向大致相同时,波流相互作用使有效波高减小;当波向与流向大致相反时,波流相互作用使有效波高增大;当波向与流向之间的夹角越接近90°时,波流相互作用对有效波高的影响越小。波流相互作用对有效波高的影响最大可达1.5 m。     

水下输液管道动力特性研究

该文研究水下横向输液管道的动力特性 ,假定管道系统承受外界均匀流的作用 ,同时考虑管内流体流动的影响 ,建立了水下输液管道侧向振动的微分方程。采用 Hermite插值函数和Galerkin法离散得到其有限元标准形式。研究管内流动为恒定流时输液管道长度、内部流体流动速度对管道动力特性的影响及管内流动含有谐波挠动的情况下输液管道固有频率的变化。结果表明 ,在管内恒定流动的情况下 ,输液的自振频率随管道长度及管内流速的增加而降低 ,同时管内流动的谐波挠动对管道的自振频率也有影响。     

波流耦合作用下渤海及北黄海风暴潮增水及海浪过程的数值模拟

本文基于三维波流耦合FVCOM-SWAVE数值模式,采用Jelesnianski参数化风场与再分析数据集ECMWF风场数据叠加而成的合成风场作为外力驱动力,模拟了1818号"温比亚"台风引起北黄海及渤海海域风暴潮增减水及波浪的生长与消减过程,进而分析该海域在"温比亚"台风作用下波浪对流速垂向分布的影响。研究结果表明:合成风场得到的风速最大值及出现时刻与实测数据符合较好,合成风场较为合理,能够为模拟波流耦合机制下海域水动力变化提供准确的风场条件;几个测站的风暴潮增水模拟结果与实测数据较为吻合,FVCOM-SWAVE耦合系统合理地再现了"温比亚"台风在黄渤海引发的风暴潮增水以及台风浪过程。此外,计算结果显示"温比亚"期间黄渤海海域最大有效波高分布于台风中心外围,且位于台风前进方向上,波浪最大有效波高值与台风强度有关;在台风过境期间,波流相互作用对近岸海域流速的垂向分布具有一定影响,考虑波流相互作用可有效提高台风风暴潮数值模拟精度。研究结果对台风灾害预报、防灾减灾及港口建筑选址具有一定的参考意义。     

沿程非均匀分布植物区对海啸波消减的数值研究

为研究近岸植物的非均匀分布对海啸波的消减作用,采用非静压单相流模型计算了5种不同密度分布植物与孤立波的相互作用,分析不同密度分布植物对海啸的消波特性。结果表明在植物总株数相同时,具有不同分布密度植物的消波效果相近,透射波波高差小于3%、最大流速差小于5.4%,但是不同植物密度分布情况下植物区前的反射系数有所不同,反射系数最大差为80.2%。此外,所有分布的植物区对波高和流速的透射系数随着波高和植物区长度变化的趋势是一样的,在不同入射波高和植物区长度情况下5种分布均呈现出相似的沿程衰减机制。     

海底管道水下气体扩散FLUENT仿真分析

海底管道气体扩散到自由表面的半径及泉涌高度是进行水下气体泄漏风险分析的关键因素。利用FLUENT软件中的VOF模型和DPM模型耦合方式,对海底管道气体竖向扩散进行了仿真。模拟了水气两相交界面的行为,研究了气泡粒子扩散过程,分析了气泡粒子的扩散半径及轴向位移,讨论了不同泄漏速率对水下气体上升时间及水气两相交界面中泉涌高度的影响。通过模型中的水气两相交界面中泉涌高度和上升时间与实验结果的比较,验证了模型在一定条件下的正确性。     

海流作用下海底管道局部冲刷数值分析

在任意拉格朗日-欧拉参考坐标系下,采用基于雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程组(RANS)、流线迎风有限元方法、泥沙输运模型以及底床变形方程,对海流引起的海底管道局部冲刷进行了数值模拟。着重讨论了均匀来流流速和海底管道直径对局部冲刷发展过程及平衡冲刷深度的影响作用。数值结果表明,在冲刷的初始阶段,冲刷深度随时间迅速增加,之后缓慢逼近极限平衡深度;在管径一定的情况下,管道附近的局部平衡冲刷深度与流速大致呈线性关系;当流速超过某一临界区域后,最大平衡冲刷深度出现的位置并不在管道正下方,而是随流速的增加向管道下游方向移动;另外,管道直径也会对平衡冲刷深度产生比较明显的影响,在相同流速下,平衡冲刷深度大致随管径呈线性增大。在本文的计算范围内,海底管道的相对局部平衡冲刷深度基本随雷诺数线性增加,但流速对冲刷深度的影响作用要比管径的影响作用更为明显。     

基于频率响应法海底悬跨管涡激振动分析

基于挪威海洋技术研究所 (MARINTEK) 和挪威科技大学 (NTNU) 共同研发的VIVANA模型,编制了一个基于频率响应法的海底悬跨管道涡激振动预报程序,其计算结果与VIVANA符合得较好.应用所编制的程序分析在不同流速条件下海底悬跨管道的涡激振动响应及响应频率的特征,对不同悬跨长度、不同截面特征、具有简单边界的海底悬跨管道涡激振动响应和响应频率进行了计算,给出位移和应力沿管跨的分布及响应频率的变化规律.     

海底管道油品泄漏速度的影响研究

为了预测海底管道泄漏油品的扩散规律,解决油品泄漏后的回收处理问题,文中基于计算流体力学CFD的基础,选取k-ε模型和VOF模型建立数值模拟仿真模型,根据不同泄漏速度,模拟了原油泄漏后的扩散情况。通过不同的泄漏速度的分析可以得出:泄漏速度低时,射流持续时间短,发生在海底且横向扩散位移呈线性变化,泄漏速度高时射流时间长,发生位置较高,横向扩散位移分成三个阶段:扩散-短暂停止-扩散。且随着泄漏速度的增加,其对横向位移的影响越来越小。该研究可为海底管道漏油应急预报系统提供理论参考。     

柔性管卷管式铺管上卷有限元模拟

采用卷管法进行海底管道铺设过程中,管道首先通过牵引作用上卷于卷筒进行储存。管道与卷筒发生非线性接触,可能会产生复杂的塑性变形和局部屈曲。通过全尺寸柔性管力学性能试验获得柔性管轴力—应变以及弯曲—曲率等非线性力学性能关系,将试验所得的非线性材料性能参数导入建立的两种柔性管上卷ABAQUS有限元模型（梁—实体单元模型与壳和桁架—实体单元模型）,实现柔性管较大轴向抗拉刚度和较小抗弯刚度的同步模拟以及管道与卷筒的非线性接触响应特征。通过对比分析两种有限元模型数值模拟得到的管道弯矩、弯曲曲率、管道轴力、管道与卷筒的接触压强等数据,发现在管道上卷过程中管道沿副法线方向的SM3弯矩占据其弯曲变形主导地位;管道与卷筒之间的摩擦效应对于管道轴力的影响较为显著;管道与卷筒的最大接触压强主要发生在卷管过渡段区域。     

Lateral Global Buckling of Submarine Pipelines Based on the Model of Nonlinear Pipe–Soil Interaction

With the increasing development and utilization of offshore oil and gas resources, global buckling failures of pipelines subjected to high temperature and high pressure are becoming increasingly important. For unburied or semi-buried submarine pipelines, lateral global buckling represents the main form of global buckling. The pipe–soil interaction determines the deformation and stress distribution of buckling pipelines. In this paper, the nonlinear pipe–soil interaction model is introduced into the analysis of pipeline lateral global buckling, a coupling method of PSI elements and the modified RIKS algorithm is proposed to study the lateral global buckling of a pipeline, and the buckling characteristics of submarine pipeline with a single arch symmetric initial imperfection under different pipe–soil interaction models are studied. Research shows that, compared with the ideal elastic–plastic pipe–soil interaction model, when the DNV-RP-F109 model is adopted to simulate the lateral pipe–soil interactions in the lateral global buckling of a pipeline, the buckling amplitude increases, however, the critical buckling force and the initial buckling temperature difference decreases. In the DNV-RP-F109 pipe–soil interaction model, the maximum soil resistance, the residual soil resistance, and the displacement to reach the maximum soil resistance have significant effects on the analysis results of pipeline global buckling.     

A numerical model for ultimate soil resistance to an untrenched pipeline under ocean currents

One of the main concerns for pipeline on-bottom stability design is to properly predict ultimate soil resistance in severe ocean environments.A plane-strain finite element model is proposed to investigate the ultimate soil resistance to the partially-embedded pipeline under the action of ocean currents.Two typical end-constraints of the submarine pipelines are examined,i.e.freely-laid pipes and anti-rolling pipes.The proposed numerical model is verified with the existing mechanical-actuator experiments.The magnitude of lateral-soil-resistance coefficient for the examined anti-rolling pipes is much larger than that for the freely-laid pipes,indicating that the end-constraint condition significantly affects the lateral stability of the untrenched pipeline under ocean currents.The parametric study indicates that,the variation of lateral-soil-resistance coefficient with the dimensionless submerged weight of pipe is affected greatly by the angle of internal friction of soil,the pipe-soil friction coefficient,etc.     

含初始缺陷海底管道侧向屈曲临界力的参数解

未埋设的海底管道在高温高压运行条件下可能发生侧向屈曲,情况严重时影响海底管道的结构安全。侧向屈曲临界力作为判定海底管道发生侧向屈曲的重要依据,主要影响因素有初始缺陷、管土相互作用等。现有关于侧向屈曲临界力的公式并未考虑管土相互作用、缺陷不平直度和管道自身材料特性对侧向屈曲临界力的综合影响。建立含有通用几何初始缺陷海底管道的数值模型,使用Riks算法进行参数分析以研究极限侧向土壤阻力、管道缺陷不平直度和截面几何尺寸对海底管道侧向屈曲的具体影响。基于量纲分析法和多元线性回归,推导出海底管道侧向屈曲临界力关于上述3个影响参数的一般公式,并对该公式进行了检验,结果表明文中推导的公式在参数涵盖的研究范围内有效。     

An improved analytical approach for simulating the lateral kinematic distress of deepwater offshore pipelines

Offshore pipelines are critical infrastructures and any possible damage may have devastating financial and environmental consequences. Earthquake-related geohazards (such as strong ground motion, active seismic faults, submarine landslides and debris flows) consist crucial threats that an offshore pipeline has to overcome. The main aim of the current study is to examine analytically a seabed-laid offshore pipeline subjected to a lateral kinematic distress due to a submarine landslide or a debris flow. Extra emphasis is given on the impact of pipe-soil interaction on the pipe response, by the realistic representation of the soil resistance via a tri-linear model. Firstly, the proposed analytical model is validated with a numerical model utilizing the finite-element method. Subsequently, various combinations of soil parameters and loading conditions that affect the examined problem are investigated with realistic input data taken from the offshore section of the high-pressure natural-gas pipeline TAP (Trans Adriatic Pipeline) in the Adriatic Sea. Finally, useful conclusions are drawn regarding the applicability and the efficiency of the proposed approach.     

The Lift Forces Acting on a Submarine Composite Pipeline in a Wave-Current Coexisting Field

- A composite pipeline is defined as a main big pipe composed of one or several small pipes. The flow behaviour around a submarine composite pipeline is more complicated than that around a single submarine pipeline. A series model test of composite pipelines in a wave-current coexisting field was conducted by the authors. Both in-line and lift forces were measured, and the resultant forces were also analyzed. The results of lift forces and resultant forces are reported in this paper. It is found that the lift force coefficients for composite pipelines are well related to the KC number. The lift force coefficients for an irregular wave-current coexisting field are smaller than those for a regular wave-current coexisting field. The frequency of lift force is usually twice the wave frequency or higher. The authors test indicates that the resultant forces are about 10 to 20 percent larger than in-line forces (horizontal forces). The effect of water depth is analyzed. Finally, the relationship between lift f     

A semi-analytical method of stress-strain analysis of buried steel pipelines under submarine landslides

A semi-analytical method of the stress-strain analysis of buried steel pipelines under submarine landslides was proposed, considering the nonlinearities of the pipe-soil interaction and mechanical properties of the pipe steel. The pipeline was divided into three parts according to different loading conditions, and the corresponding differential equations were established based on a combination of the beam-on-elastic foundation and elastoplastic-beam theories. According to the second-order central difference method, the transverse horizontal displacement was calculated, and then the bending strain was obtained based on the relation between bending strains and curvatures. Considering the interaction between the axial and bending strains, the axial strain can be derived from the equilibrium condition by equating the axial force. The proposed method was verified through the comparison of obtained solutions to ANSYS results, with minor deviations which do not exceed about 4.6%. Additionally, the effects of the slide width, the buried depth of pipelines, the internal friction angle of soils, the cohesion of soils and the bulk density of soils are investigated through parametric studies.     

Numerical modelling of pipe-soil interaction for marine pipelines in sandy seabed subjected to wave loadings

Accurate assessment of pipe-soil interaction under cyclic wave actions is of pronounced importance for the stability analysis of submarine pipelines in sandy seabed. This paper presents a plane-strain numerical study on such a problem using a finite element program DBLEAVES, which incorporates an elasto-plastic soil model that is capable of capturing the cyclic mobility behavior of sandy soils under cyclic loadings. A detailed validation against analytical solution and model test results was provided to demonstrate the robustness of the present numerical model to mimic both pre- and post-liquefaction behavior of sands, before an extensive parametric study was introduced. It was found that the accumulation of excess pore pressure in the vicinity and far field of a pipeline was strongly affected by the existence of it, with an influential range of about two pipe diameters. The influences of wave and seabed properties (e.g. relative densities) on the uplift response of pipelines were then investigated, based on which an explicit model was developed to quantify the degradation effect of waves on the uplift bearing capacity of pipelines against thermally-induced buckling.     

管道结构垂向—侧向耦合管土作用机理性试验研究

钢制悬链线式立管的触地段与海床会发生频繁的相互作用,对管道的安全性影响很大。首先探索干土环境下管土作用的机理有助于更好地理解真实海况下管道—湿土作用规律。试验测试是研究管土作用最可信最直接的手段。进行了垂向及侧向管土作用机理性试验,根据土体抗剪强度验证了试验中相互作用机理与管道尺寸的无关性。研究了不同运动速度对土体反力的影响,发现运动速度对垂向及侧向管土作用均存在一定的放大效应,而垂向低速工况下放大效应不明显;接着分别研究了垂向与侧向管土作用的规律,分析了土体反力变化的成因,最后针对管土垂向—侧向的耦合效应进行研究,发现不同的垂向深度会极大地影响侧向管土作用。为后续的管道—含水土体相互作用试验奠定基础,也可为陆上管土作用相关研究提供参考与建议。     

Analysis of Safe Span Length and Fatigue Life of Submarine Pipelines

Owing to the complex environmental conditions, suspension could induce complicated forces on submarine pipelines and even cause vortex-induced vibration, resulting in fatigue damage of pipelines. Through aiming at the 28-inch submarine pipeline in the East China Sea, the pipeline was segmented according to the similarity, considering the factors of pipe assembly, typhoon, current, wave and seabed topography. The effects of span length on natural frequency in each section of submarine pipeline were analyzed by finite element model. The maximum safe span length allowed by each pipeline section was verified by fatigue cumulative damage theory, and the fatigue life of each pipeline section were predicted. The results showed that each order natural frequency of the pipeline decreased with the increase of span length. The calculated results of empirical formulas were much smaller than those of the FEM analysis. The increase of the gap between the suspended pipeline and the seabed was beneficial to enhance the fatigue life of the suspended pipeline.     

Hydrodynamic Forces and Instability of Submarine Pipelines Under Waves and Currents： A Review

Stability design of submarine pipelines is a very important procedure in submarine pipeline engineering design. The calculation of hydrodynamic forces caused by waves and currents acting on marine pipelines is an essential step in pipeline design for stability. The hydrodynamic forces-induced instabilities of submarine pipelines should be regarded as a wave/ current-pipeline-seabed interaction problem. This paper presents a review on hydrodynamic forces and stability research of submarine pipelines under waves and currents. The representative progress including the improved design method and guideline has been made for the marine pipelines engineering design through experimental investigations, numerical simulations and analytical models. Finally, further studies on this issue are suggested.