百色地区早三叠世石炮组蠕虫状灰岩沉积特征及成因分析

蠕虫状灰岩是早三叠世一种特殊的沉积现象,对其研究可一定程度上反映生物大绝灭后海洋环境与生物复苏之间的关系。文章对百色地区早三叠世石炮组地层中广泛发育的蠕虫状灰岩进行追索、大比例尺(1∶1 000)剖面测制、采样及岩石薄片进行观察,并对蠕虫状灰岩的分布规律、产出部位、沉积特征、岩性特征及岩相古地理进行调查研究,认为蠕虫状灰岩是在沉积、成岩过程中,由微生物积极参与,在压实作用、压溶作用、水流作用、风暴作用、重力滑动作用及其他机械作用等多种因素的影响下形成的。     

青海古生代及早三叠世的几个牙形刺组合

本文研究了青海省中奥陶世至早三叠世的牙形剌化石,依据其产出层位自下而上可划分为六个组合Ⅰ中奥陶世 Pygodus anserinus 组合;Ⅱ中—晚泥盆世 Icriodus expansus 组合;Ⅲ早石炭世 Gnathodus bilineatus 组合;Ⅳ晚石炭世 Streptognathodus elegantulus 组合;Ⅴ早二叠世 Sweetognathus whitei 组合;Ⅵ早三叠世 Neospathodus homeri 组合。此牙形剌组合,既丰富了我省古生代及三叠纪的古生物资料,又为相应地层的划分、对比提供了重要依据。     

羌塘盆地晚三叠世裂谷盆地演化——来自同裂谷期那底岗日组的证据

在羌塘盆地剖面地质调查基础上,综合区域最新的油气调查及地质进展,采用LA-ICP-MS测试方法,提供锆石U-Pb测年,分析羌塘盆地晚三叠世同裂谷期那底岗日组岩性组合、分布特征、喷发—沉积时限、与下伏地层接触关系及裂陷机制。结果表明:那底岗日组分为两个岩相组合类型,一类是陆上喷发系列,以基性熔岩—酸性熔岩—火山碎屑岩为主;另一类是水下沉积系列,为沉火山角砾岩—沉凝灰岩—凝灰质砂岩—粉砂岩—泥岩等,具有典型的双峰式组合特征,与其中玄武岩地球化学特征显示的、与裂陷相关的构造背景一致。那底岗日组的分布受上三叠统顶部的裂陷基底控制,与之具有良好的匹配关系;样品年龄分别为(210.5±2.1)Ma和(214.9±1.8)Ma,属于晚三叠世诺利期;那底岗日组沉积超覆于下伏地层之上。羌塘盆地在晚三叠世之前完成南北羌塘、羌塘与北部大陆的拼合,在晚三叠世诺利期—瑞替期结束前陆盆地沉积,伴随南部班公湖—怒江洋再一次打开,开启新一轮裂谷盆地演化,形成同裂谷期那底岗日组火山—沉积序列。     

东昆仑造山带东段香日德地区早三叠世侵入岩岩石时代及形成机制探讨

近年来,随着高精度锆石UPb测年技术的应用,众多学者认为东昆仑造山带晚华力西期印支期岩浆岩异常发育,为主要的活动时期,并且将东昆仑造山带东段的岩浆活动界定在260~220Ma时间段内。该文对东昆仑造山带地区东段香日德地区出露的花岗岩进行详细的LAICPMS锆石UPb年代学研究,获得花岗闪长岩锆石LAICPMS UPb表面年龄加权平均值为（248.43±0.64）Ma,应该为岩体结晶年龄,属于早印支期。同时东昆仑东段的岩浆活动随着时间的推移,还表现出由东向西（沟里→香日德→香日德）和由南向北（东昆南→东昆北）扩散的趋势。     

东昆仑中西段分水岭北地区早三叠世中酸性侵入岩地质特征及成因探讨

东昆仑中西段分水岭地区分布有大量的早三叠世中酸性侵入岩,其岩性组合为浅灰白色中粗粒花岗闪长岩—似斑状花岗闪长岩—闪长岩。早三叠世中—酸性侵入岩中常量元素具有铝质花岗岩、钙碱性系列岩浆岩的特征;微量元素地球化学特征显示岩石具有火山弧花岗岩特点;稀土元素地球化学特征显示轻稀土元素相对富集、重稀土元素相对亏损、轻重稀土分馏较明显。岩石学和地球化学特征表明,研究区早三叠世中酸性侵入岩可能为俯冲作用下火山弧环境中的产物。     

柴达木盆地及其邻区早—中二叠世构造岩相古地理格局

通过大量野外观察、分析测试和综合研究,结合覆盖全区不同比例尺的区域地质调查资料,对柴达木盆地及其邻区早—中二叠世构造岩相古地理格局进行了研究,并探讨了其形成机制.结果表明:柴达木盆地及其邻区中、北部早—中二叠世为陆内盆山裂谷系统,主体处于伸展构造背景,总体表现为堑垒相间的构造古地理格局;南部为巴颜喀拉洋盆,早—中二叠世是巴颜喀拉洋盆扩张最为剧烈且规模最大的时期,巴颜喀拉洋盆中洋岛、海山遍布;早—中二叠世晚期强烈的华力西构造运动使古板块间的相对运动加剧,巴颜喀拉洋盆大洋岩石圈板块向北强烈俯冲,形成东昆仑陆缘岩浆弧及其南部增生带,东昆仑陆缘岩浆弧岩浆活动十分强烈,宗务隆山—西秦岭陆源裂谷盆地进一步发育,形成十分复杂的构造岩相古地理格局.早—中二叠世是研究区地球动力学机制从强烈扩张到强烈汇聚的转折时期,加强其构造岩相古地理研究对建立该区地层序列、探讨其地质演化历史以及指导找矿等均具有重要意义.     

深水碎屑流与浊流混合事件层沉积特征及分布——以鄂尔多斯盆地西南长7油层组为例

采用岩石学、深水沉积学等方法,解剖野外露头及重点钻井岩心,结合测井、分析化验等资料,研究鄂尔多斯盆地西南延长组长7油层组深水碎屑流与浊流混合事件层的沉积特征及分布。结果表明:研究区长7油层组发育下部砂质碎屑流上部浊流混合事件层、下部浊流上部泥质碎屑流混合事件层(分为下部浊流上部富泥质碎屑和下部浊流上部贫泥质碎屑混合事件层)、泥质碎屑流和浊流频繁互层混合事件层3种类型。其中,下部砂质碎屑流上部浊流、下部浊流上部富泥质碎屑混合事件层发育于重力流沉积区的近端和远端,下部浊流上部贫泥质碎屑、泥质碎屑流和浊流频繁互层混合事件层主要分布于重力流沉积区的远端。研究区长7油层组深水重力流沉积具有近端呈条带状分布、水道化特征显著,远端相邻朵体沉积物相互叠置、连片、呈环带状分布的特征。该结果对完善深水重力流沉积理论及开展非常规油气勘探、开发具有指导意义。     

扬子地台与华南南盘江盆地大贵州滩三叠系沉积演化史

扬子地台是一个横跨华南地块的以浅海沉积为主的大型碳酸盐岩台地,南盘江盆地是发育在扬子地台碳酸盐岩台地背景之上的一个沉积盆地,从晚元古代到晚三叠世长期海相沉积演化历史中,扬子地台-南盘江盆地体系经历了多次重要的构造演化阶段.扬子地台从晚元古代到早三叠世末期一直保持为一个稳定的碳酸盐岩台地,在中三叠世末期扬子地块整体抬升,海平面下降,形成了遍及扬子主体的拉丁期大海退,从而使扬子地块大部分地区抬升为陆.南盘江盆地位于华南地块南缘,从晚元古代到晚三叠世沉积了一套厚度巨大的海相碳酸盐岩,晚三叠世发育了一套硅质碎屑的浊流沉积,区域沉积也由此转化为河流相沉积.二叠纪和三叠纪碳酸盐岩地层记录了碳酸盐岩台地长期演化历史及其特征多样的沉积建造和沉积环境,而硅质碎屑流和构造沉降速率的变化反映了盆地在三叠纪期间经历的聚合构造和前陆盆地发展过程.在三叠纪时期扬子地台沿西南-北东方向从云南围绕南盘江盆地向贵州延伸,在南盘江盆地中发育了几个孤立的碳酸盐岩台地,包括位于贵州南部和广西境内的大贵州滩和崇左-平果台地.南盘江盆地在晚二叠世发生过一次区域性的海侵事件,早三叠世时期扬子地台和几个孤立台地为由鲕粒边滩组成的低角度斜坡,中三叠世(安尼期)变为由Tubiphytes边礁组成的陡倾斜坡.盆地范围内斜坡变陡激发了Tubiphytes礁和其它的生物体发育,而且它们组成了稳定碳酸盐岩台地的边缘.位于扬子地台西部地区的关林和贞丰一带与最北部的孤立台地(大贵州滩)在安尼期发育了陡倾的边礁.在拉丁期,扬子地台在关林一带进积并与盆地碎屑沉积互层穿插沉积,而位于贞丰的台地边缘出现了由断层控制的地貌特征.与此同时,扬子地台东部(贵阳)由侵蚀滑塌边缘变为进积边缘,向盆地内部进积充填形成了超过600 m的碎屑沉积.但是,与扬子地台不同,位于最北部的孤立台地(大贵州滩)在拉丁期由加积边缘礁变为起伏明显的侵蚀陡崖和饥饿盆地边缘.晚三叠世(卡尼期)扬子地台西部下沉并被晚三叠世浊流沉积埋藏,而扬子地台东部地区在被硅质碎屑沉积埋藏之前持续沉积了一套浅水碳酸盐岩沉积.孤立台地为从南到北逐渐变陡的边缘沉积,而且发育了多个小丘,其中南部地区早期沉降后来被硅质碎屑沉积埋藏,而北部地区到后期下沉.与扬子地台西部一样,最北部的孤立台地(大贵州滩)在晚三叠世下降被碎屑沉积埋藏.以上这种差异源于华南地块南缘因构造聚合作用导致的盆地南部地区不同沉降速率.大贵州滩是盆地中演化历史最长的孤立台地,穿过大贵州滩孤立台地内部和边缘的两条正交剖面显示出了一个被断层切断的向斜构造,这样就很容易识别其沉积建造特征及演化历史.大贵州滩发育的整合的二叠系-三叠系界线剖面以及从早三叠世到中三叠世生物复苏阶段连续的巨厚沉积,使其成为一个研究二叠世末期生物大绝灭期间的海相环境以及生物生态条件最为理想的地区.     

Thermo-Rheological Structure and Passive Continental Margin Rifting in the Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea,China

To investigate the thermo-rheological structure and passive continental margin rifting in the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),thermo-rheological models of two profiles across the western and eastern QDNB are presented.The continental shelf of western QDNB,having the lowest crustal extension factor,is recognized as the initial non-uniform extension crust model.This regime is referred to as the jelly sandwich-1(JS-1)regime,having a lower crustal ductile layer.The oceanward part of the western QDNB changes from the relatively strong JS-1 to the weak crème br?lée-1(CB-1)regime with a significantly thinned lower crust.However,the crustal extension in the eastern QDNB is significantly higher than that in the western QDNB,with conjugate faults extending deep into the lower crust.The central depression zone of the eastern QDNB is defined as the much stronger JS-2 regime,having a brittle deformation across the entire crust and upper mantle and characteristics of a cold and rigid oceanic crust.Unlike the widespread lower crustal high-velocity layers(HVLs)in the northern margin of the South China Sea,the HVLs are confined to the lower crustal base of the central depression zone of the QDNB.The HVLs of QDNB are the results of non-uniform extension with mantle underplating during the lower crustal-necking stage,which is facilitated by the lower crustal ductile layer and derived by mantle lat-eral flowing.The gigantic mantle low-velocity zone related to the Red River Fault should be a necessary factor for the east-west differential margin rifting process of QDNB,which may drive the lateral flowing in the mantle.     

Preliminary study on Late Triassic to Early Jurassic strata and floral variation in Hechuan region of Chongqing,southern Sichuan Basin

The end-Triassic mass extinction event is extensively known, however, the terrestrial response of this event is still poorly understood. Here we briefly report our preliminary results on the variation of floral diversity through the Triassic/Jurassic boundary deposits in the Tanba section of Hechuan region, Chongqing, southern China. It is recognized that the floral biodiversity of the Hechuan region shows a distinct change through the Triassic and Jurassic transition; and the floral diversity loss reaches up to 92 5% at species level. Meanwhile, in northeastern region of the Sichuan Basin, the floral diversity declines by about 50% across the T/J boundary at species level with a remarkable turnover of genera and species. The potential reasons and mechanisms that cause the floral diversity differentiation of the T/J boundary in the Sichuan Basin are briefly discussed in this note.     

Petrography,geochemistry and provenance of the sediments of the Early Cretaceous Yanguoxia Formation,Lanzhou-Minhe Basin,Northwest China

Lanzhou-Minhe Basin is situated on the middle Qilian orogenic belt. Yanguoxia Formation contains abundance of maroon siltstones, mudstones and red sandstones of the lake facies. These sedimentary rocks recorded the process of the tectonic uplift of Qilian Mountains during the Early Cretaceous. We discovered plentiful dinosaur footprints, worm burrows, bird footprints, worm tracks-trails, ripple marks and cross lamination in the Yanguoxia site. Integrated petrographic studies classified sandstones of Yanguoxia Formation as feldspathic litharenite. All plots in the QFL (Q or Qt, total quartz; F, feldspar; L, lithic grains) and QmFLt (Qm, monocrystalline quartz; Lt, lithic grains plus polycrystalline quartz) diagrams fall in the recycled orogen provenance field and quartzose recycled field, respectively, implying the source occurred the tectonic activity. Furthermore, geochemical study indicates that the Yanguoxia standstone was formed in an unstable continental setting due to the northwards movement of Indian Plate triggered the collision between the Qilian fold belt and the Qinling fold belt. These sediments were derived from a mixed source and then deposited in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. Most of the felsic components were derived from the granitoid rocks of the Qilian Mountains due to the rapid and intense uplift during the Early Cretaceous while the mafic components were contributed by the basic and ultrabasic rocks of the rapidly rising ophiolite in the Qilian Mountain area. Bivariant log-log plot of Qp/(F+L) (Qp, polycrystalline quartz) against Q/(F+L) shows that Yanguoxia Formation was deposited in the semi-humid and semi-arid. Moreover, the pollen also exhibits that the environmental condition during the deposition of Yanguoxia Formation was warm and wet, which affirm such environment was benefit to dinosaur survival. Geochemical study also infers that the Yanguoxia Formation was deposited under the oxidizing condition in a shallow marine environment. The minerals identified from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of shale and siltstone samples are 4.74%-33.53% clays, 23.45%-4l.70% carbonates and 33.99%-71.81% quartz, respectively, which infer that depositional conditions remained uniform during the formation of shales or siltstones of Yanguoxia Formation.     

Preliminary study on Late Triassic to Early Jurassic strata and floral variation in Hechuan region of Chongqing,southern Sichuan Basin

The end-Triassic mass extinction event is extensively known, however, the terrestrial response of this event is still poorly understood. Here we briefly report our preliminary results on the variation of floral diversity through the Triassic/Jurassic boundary deposits in the Tanha section of Hechuan region, Chongqing, southern China. It is recognized that the floral hiodiversity of the Hechuan region shows a distinct change through the Triassic and Jurassic transition; and the floral diversity loss reaches up to 92. 5% at species level. Meanwhile, in northeastern region of the Sichuan Basin, the floral diversity declines by about 50% across the T/J boundary at species level with a remarkable turnover of genera and species. The potential reasons and mechanisms that cause the floral diversity differentiation of the T/J boundary in the Sichuan Basin are briefly discussed in this note.     

澳大利亚北卡那封盆地中上三叠统Mungaroo组油气勘探潜力分析

对澳大利亚北卡那封盆地三叠系古构造、古气候及古沉积等的系统分析表明,北卡那封盆地三叠纪时期位于环特提斯洋季风影响的海洋性潮湿气候带,地形宽缓,构造稳定,物源供给充足,发育了独具特色的大型浅水辫状河三角洲——Mungaroo三角洲。三角洲发育广阔的三角洲平原相带,平原相带上煤层、碳质泥岩广泛发育,暗色泥岩中陆源有机质含量高,季风影响下洪泛作用频繁,使得中粗砂岩与富含陆源有机质泥岩频繁互层。大型浅水辫状河三角洲为北卡那封盆地天然气富集提供了优质的气源岩、良好的生储盖组合,同生断层的发育为天然气提供运移通道同时也形成大量的构造圈闭。综合研究表明盆地中Exmouth高地北部构造带是三叠系下一步重点勘探领域。      

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组次生孔隙形成机制

次生孔隙是鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组砂岩储层的重要储集空间,其中长石溶孔为最主要的次生孔隙类型,其次为岩屑溶孔、晶间孔及沸石溶孔。基于铸体薄片研究,结合扫描电镜分析、阴极发光分析、物性分析以及碳氧同位素分析,自生高岭石和长石含量、长石溶蚀形成的次生孔隙、岩石物性、碳氧同位素组成变化特征研究表明,印支期不整合面之下的延长组上部地层（如长1、长2油层组）次生孔隙的形成机制受控于区域性的大气水溶解作用,而远离不整合面的延长组下部地层（如长8油层组）次生孔隙的形成则更多地受到埋藏成岩过程中与长7烃源岩有关的有机酸的影响,尤其是靠近长7生烃中心区域的长8油层组受到有机酸的影响最为强烈。因此,在进行鄂尔多斯盆地延长组碎屑岩储层质量预测时应针对不同地区不同油层组的次生孔隙形成机制建立相应的预测模式。      

ON THE ORIGIN AGE OF THE SOUTHWEST BASIN IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

TheSouthChinaSea(SCS)islocatalinthejunCti0noftheEurasian,PacificandIndodeustralianPlates,andisoneofthebiggestrnarginalseasinthewesternPadfic~n.Uyeda(l977)regardedtheSCS'soriginasoneofthebasicprobboincompletelyre-solvedbytheTheoryofPlateTeCtoniesrv).Heaskedfl.Whydoesanarcriseup(theoriginofarcmountains)?2.Whyisthestressinthebackurcbasinregionextensional(theoriginofbackurcbasin)?3.Whyisthernantleintheinnerurcbelthot(theoriginofvohanismandhighgcothermalflow)?Therewermanyviewnointsontheori…     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下三叠统百口泉组扇三角洲沉积特征

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下三叠统百口泉组的沉积背景分析表明,研究区存在东西2个方向的6个分支物源,古凸起及沟槽对水系具有分隔控制作用,控制砂体沉积。通过岩心观察,归纳总结出9种岩相,结合录井、测井资料分析,认为玛湖凹陷下三叠统百口泉组沉积相类型主要为扇三角洲相,并详述了7种微相的沉积特征。利用地质地震资料综合分析,确定出玛湖凹陷百口泉平面沉积特征,凹陷内发育6个受物源控制明显的扇体,相邻扇体在平原相带被凸起带分隔,在前缘相带内相互交汇叠置。      

Geochemistry,petrogenesis and tectonic implication of Early Cretaceous A-type rhyolites in Hailar Basin,NE China

Early Cretaceous A-type rhyolites of the Shangkuli Formation in the Hailar Basin of NE China exhibit geochemical characteristics of high silicon, alkali, Fe/Mg, Ga/Al, Zr, Pb, HFSEs, and REE contents but low Ca, Ba, Sr and Eu, which meet the criteria of typical reduced A-type granite.The A-type rhyolites are most probably derived from magmatic underplating and partial melting of quartz-feldspathic lower crust, with the lithospheric mantle material involved, due to the extensional deformation of the Erguna-Hulun Fault.Although the A-type rhyolites show A1-type trace elements characteristics, they were formed in a post-orogenic extension-al background together with the coeval widespread bimodal volcanic rocks, metamorphic core complexes, vol-canic fault basins and metallogenic province in the Sino-Russia-Mongolia border tract.This extension event was related to the collapse of thickened region of the continental crust after the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.