面向对象的空间数据模型

从面向对象的基本概念出发，着重讨论了面向对象的空间数据模型的设计方法，完整地定义了空间数据模型中可能涉及的几种抽象数据类型，并介绍了一个面向对象的建模工具－对象联系图。     

基于空间行为的面向对象空间数据模型

本文根据面向对象空间数据模型的相关概念和特点,将地理空间中的空间行为进行建模后纳入面向对象空间数据模型的框架中。面向对象空间数据模型由数据模型和空间行为模型两个部分组成:数据模型包括空间特征数据和属性特征数据;同时将空间行为模型分为两大类,即静态空间行为模型(地理目标间关系)和动态行为模型(地理目标行为)两部分。在此框架提出的基础上,本文利用二进制、XML流等格式文件对该空间数据模型进行了整合和组织。     

基于地矿点源信息系统的空间数据模型研究

随着地矿工作信息化水平的提高,为了管理和组织海量的空间数据,空间数据模型的有效构建成为地矿信息工作者面临的实际问题。简要介绍了空间数据模型的分类和层次结构,着重讨论了面向对象数据模型以及用统一建模语言构建面向对象数据模型的方法。     

GeoStar与Coverage的空间数据模型比较研究

数据模型是GIS的灵魂和关键。首先分析了GeoStar和Arc/Info中Coverage的空间数据模型，然后就两种数据模型作了比较研究，结果显示GeoStar面向对象空间数据模型具有相对的优越性。     

面向对象的空间数据模型设计方法

空间数据模型是GIS实现空间数据组织、表达、分析、处理和应用的基础。从面向对象的角度提出了面向对象空间数据模型（OOSDM）的相关定义、对象构建过程、空间数据组织和管理模式,并以城市道路交通信息为例,设计了道路交通信息的对象组织方法和构建过程。模型设计方法的研究为空间数据库的建设和数据共建共享提供了新的方法和思路。     

基于面向对象技术和标准关系数据库的Geodatabase的研究

面向对象技术为空间数据模型的发展提出了新的要求.本论文在此背景下,回顾了空间数据模型的发展历程,从整体上介绍了第三代基于面向对象技术和关系数据库的Geodatabase数据模型,并详细介绍了其体系结构及在关系数据库中的存储.最后本文通过总结Geodatabase模型的优缺点,提出了未来空间数据模型的发展趋势.     

GeoStar与Coverage的空间数据模型比较研究

数据模型是GIS的灵魂和关键。本文首先分析了GeoStar和Arc/Info中Coverage的空间数据模型，然后就两种数据模型作了比较研究。结果显示，GeroStar面向对象空间数据模型具有相对的优越性。     

车辆导航与定位系统中面向对象数据的组织与实现

本文分析了面向对象的特点以及面向对象的空间数据模型，重点分析了用面向对象的方法解决车辆导航与定位系统中数据的组织问题，对交通数据的组织提出了切实可行的方案，并且进行了代码实现。     

一种基于RDBMS的面向对象空间数据模型

本文利用面向对象的抽象、继承和多态等理论和方法,将数据库中的视图、关联、表、角色等概念引入到面向对象的空间数据模型中,提出了一种面向应用、面向主题的基于对象关系数据库的空间数据模型。实践证明:该模型吸收了对象关系数据库高效、安全和协同合作等优势,提高了空间数据使用的灵活性。     

面向对象空间数据模型的结构设计

以面向对象方法提出了空间数据模型,探讨了面向对象空间数据模型中空间对象及类的描述方法和体系结构,分析了体系结构中各层之间的逻辑关系,并以城市道路交通信息为例,设计了道路交通信息的层次划分和关系构成。     

Control of spatial discretisation in coastal oil spill modelling

Spatial discretisation plays an important role in many numerical environmental models. This paper studies the control of spatial discretisation in coastal oil spill modelling with a view to assure the quality of modelling outputs for given spatial data inputs. Spatial data analysis techniques are effective for investigating and improving the spatial discretisation in different phases of the modelling. Proposed methods are implemented and tested with experimental models. A new “Automatic Search” method based on GIS zone design principles is shown to significantly improve discretisation of bathymetric data and hydrodynamic modelling outputs. The concepts and methods developed in the study are expected to have general relevance for a range of applications in numerical environmental modelling.     

Modelling and mapping third dimension in a spatial database

In this paper, an overview of phases for modelling and mapping third dimension of spatial objects in a database is presented based on a selected spatial database management system (DBMS). These phases include (1) defining a spatial reference system for representing three-dimensional (3D) objects with real-world coordinates, (2) geometric modelling of 3D objects in the database, (3) 3D spatial indexing for fast accessing/querying the 3D data, 3D spatial queries and representation of 3D data. Then, a case study is performed to assess needs, possibilities and potential limitations of 3D data modelling in the spatial database.     

QTPV Data Model and Algorithm and Its Application to Geological Exploration Engineering

3D spatial data model and simulating are the core of 3D GIS can be adopted in different domains. A data model based on Quasi Tri-Prism Volume (QTPV) has been proposed. QTPV definition and its special cases have been discussed. Using QTPV and its special cases, irregular natural geological bodies and regular subsurface engineering can be described efficiently. The proposed model is composed of five primitives and six objects. Data structures and topological relationship of the fives primitives and three objects describing stratigraphy are designed in detail Some schemes are designed for the QTPV modelling of stratigraphy and subsurface engineering according to modelling data. The model manipulation method of QTPV cutting by an arbitrary plane is discussed. Using VC 6.0 programming language integrated with SQL database and OpenGL graphic library under windows environment, a system prototype 3DGeoMV has been developed. The experiment result shows that the QTPV model is feasible and efficient in modelling subsurface engineering.     

QTPV data model and algorithm and its application to geological exploration engineering

3D spatial data model and simulating are the core of 3D GIS can be adopted in different domains. A data model based on Quasi Tri-Prism Volume (QTPV) has been proposed. QTPV definition and its special cases have been discussed. Using QTPV and its special cases, irregular natural geological bodies and regular subsurface engineering can be described efficiently. The proposed model is composed of five primitives and six objects. Data structures and topological relationship of the fives primitives and three objects describing stratigraphy are designed in detail. Some schemes are designed for the QTPV modelling of stratigraphy and subsurface engineering according to modelling data. The model manipulation method of QTPV cutting by an arbitrary plane is discussed. Using VC++ 6.0 programming language integrated with SQL database and OpenGL graphic library under windows environment, a system prototype 3DGeoMV has been developed. The experiment result shows that the QTPV model is feasible and efficient in modelling subsurface engineering.     

Modelling,encoding and transforming of open geographic data to examine interoperability between GIS applications

The interoperability of geographic data sets is required between geo-information system applications to use geographic data sets effectively. Thus, international standardisation organisation/technical committee 211 standards supporting model-driven architecture were examined to test the ability of producing interoperable geographic data sets. With Turkey case, unified modelling language application schemas were designed for base geographic data themes and encoded to data interchange model based on geography markup language. To test the applicability of the open data models, extract-transform-load (ETL) tools were developed and applied for case applications such as topographic map and web urban atlas. This study gives a methodology and indicates that ETL tools should be created to enable multiple uses of geo-data sets without spending time and labour. However, data model design should be refined and kept as simple as possible because data transformation is laborious to use the models in the applications.     

时空一体化GIS-T数据模型与应用方法

在介绍与交通地理信息系统(GIS for transportation,GIS-T)相关的概念的基础上,归纳了GIS-T数据模型的发展和已经取得的主要成果,重点讨论了时空一体化GIS-T数据模型的基本框架。该模型着重解决了动态交通信息与道路网几何数据的一体化时空建模问题,并且进一步分析了GIS-T的基本技术方法,探讨了GIS-T的若干典型应用,并对该方向今后的研究进行了分析和展望。     

Towards an integral strategy for modelling uncertain geospatial data

This paper endeavours to put the discussion on errors and uncertainties in geographical information systems (GISs) in a more systematic way by examining the strength and weakness of discrete objects and continuous fields, the two distinct schools of spatial data modelling. In doing so, it argues that neither discrete objects nor continuous fields alone provide objective and complete representations of highly complex geographical phenomena, though there are good reasons for asserting that continuous fields are better suited to modelling spatial dependence, heterogeneity and fuzziness significant in geographical reality than discrete objects. Thus, there seems to be merit in adopting an integrated model incorporating analytical capabilities of fields and generalization functions of objects, for which extended TIN(triangulated irregular network) models along with their duals (Voronoi diagrams) provide a pragmatical solution.     

Towards an integral strategy for modelling uncertain geospatial data

This paper endeavours to put the discussion on errors and uncertainties in geographical information systems (GISs) in a more systematic way by examining the strength and weakness of discrete objects and continous fields, the two distinct schools of spatial data modelling. In doing so, it argues that neither discrete objects nor continous fields alone provide objective and complete representations of highly complex geographical phenomena, though there are good reasons for asserting that continuous fields are better suited to modelling spatial dependence, heterogeneity and fuzzines significant in geographical reality than discrete objects. Thus, there seems to be merit in adopting an integrated model incorporating analytical capabilities of fields and generalization functions of objects, for which extended TIN (triangulated irregular network) models along with their duals (Voronoi diagrams) provide a pragmatical solution.     

Revisiting cartography: towards identifying and developing a modern and comprehensive framework

Developments in production, sharing and use of spatial data and information involve revisiting the role and scope of cartography. Cartography is a core discipline for spatially modelling, investigating and mapping natural and cultural environments, developing location-aware applications, establishing spatial data infrastructures and forming spatially enabled societies. In this context, spatial data handling provides key tools for creating spatial databases, integrating spatial data, producing geographic information and maps and so on. Although cartography plays a key role in many phases of such activities, it tends to be introduced only as visualization phase of spatial data handling. On the other hand, it is sometimes regarded to encompass entire phases of spatial data handling. So this article investigates the relationships between cartography and spatial data handling, management and use, and on this basis, proposes a modern and comprehensive framework for cartography to contribute to restoring the full conceptual breadth of the discipline.