型钢混凝土框架pushover分析

Pushover分析方法是逐渐得到广泛应用的一种评估结构抗震性能的简化方法。由于型钢混凝土（SRC）构件塑性铰属性确定方面的原因,SRC构件难以直接应用于pushover分析方法,而常采用按“等刚度”原则转化为钢筋混凝土构件（RC）进行计算。本文从理论上给出了SRC压弯构件N-M相关曲线、Mx-My相关曲线的形成方法,提出了SRC构件M-φ曲线的确定及转化为塑性铰曲线的原则,并研究了SRC构件塑性铰区等效长度的计算方法,可为SRC结构进行pushover分析提供参考数据。按照本文方法,采用pushover方法对两跨三层SRC框架进行分析,结果与该结构模型振动台实验吻合较好。在此基础上,对10层SRC框架和采用刚度等效的3层、10层的钢筋混凝土（RC）框架进行了对比分析,结果表明,随着层数的增加,SRC结构相对于RC结构表现出更优越的抗震耗能能力。     

碳纤维布抗震加固斜向受力钢筋混凝土柱的非线性分析

基于8根钢筋混凝土柱在周期反复荷载作用下受力性能的试验，编制了矩形截面钢筋混凝土双和压弯构件全过程受力分析计算机程序，对影响碳纤维布抗震加固效果的因素进行了分析，理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。在此基础上，进一步分析了斜向受力情况下碳纤维布的包裹层数，轴压比，荷载角，混凝土强度等因素对抗震加固效果的影响，为更深入的研究提供了理论依据。     

基于RA-STM模型深受弯构件受剪承载力计算

RA-STM模型是近年来学者提出的新型承载力分析模型。基于RA-STM模型计算理论,结合深受弯构件受力平衡方程、变形协调条件及混凝土本构模型,推导出基于RA-STM模型考虑混凝土软化效应的钢筋混凝土深受弯构件受剪承载力计算公式,采用MATLAB编制计算程序,完成了国内外271组钢筋混凝土深受弯构件受剪承载力试验结果与ACI318-08、GB50010-2010、CSA、EC2等现有规范计算结果及RA-STM模型预测结果的对比分析。研究表明:与现行规范计算结果相比,RA-STM模型因考虑混凝土软化效应预测结果更接近试验结果,且其具有明确的力学模型,能够合理反应深受弯构件受力机理。因此,RA-STM模型可以较准确预测深受弯构件的受剪承载力。     

组合梁-方钢管混凝土柱框架结构抗震性能的pushover分析

采用考虑组合梁多材料截面引起的正向、负向刚度、强度和承载力不同的截面本构模型,建立了组合梁结构的弹塑性分析模型,对一个15层的钢混凝土组合梁-方钢管混凝土柱框架结构开展了多遇地震、罕遇地震下的pushover分析,为组合框架结构体系的抗震性能分析以及pushover方法在该体系中的应用提供了参考。在此基础上,与钢梁-方钢管混凝土柱框架结构、钢梁-钢筋混凝土柱框架结构进行对比研究,比较了几种结构的动力特性,表明组合梁-方钢管混凝土柱框架结构体系相对于其它两种框架结构体系具有更好的抗震性能。     

型钢混凝土压弯构件受力性能数值模拟及影响参数分析

准确地预测地震荷载作用下型钢混凝土压弯构件的受力性能,对评估带有该类构件的超高层建筑结构的震害程度和分析其地震安全性具有重要意义。因型钢混凝土压弯构件复杂的材料特性和受力行为,在反复荷载作用下其受力性能的数值模拟尚存欠缺。本文采用开源有限元结构分析软件Open Sees,基于柔度法纤维模型,将型钢混凝土压弯构件中的混凝土按受约束情况,划分为3部分:箍筋以外的无约束混凝土,受型钢翼缘约束的强约束混凝土,位于上述两者之间的弱约束混凝土,并确定了相应的钢和混凝土材料本构模型,给出了型钢混凝土压弯构件数值模拟方法。采用该方法对低周反复荷载作用下9个不同轴压比的型钢混凝土压弯试验构件进行了全过程有限元数值模拟。得到的数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,表明本文所建立的型钢混凝土压弯构件的数值模拟模型和方法是合理、可行的,达到了精度和效率的统一,可进一步推广应用到带有该类构件的大型复杂超高层建筑结构的动力非线性分析中。采用本文模型和方法还分析了轴压比、混凝土强度等级、型钢强度等级和含钢率等对构件骨架曲线的影响,结果表明这些参数均对型钢混凝土构件的刚度、强度和延性有不同程度的影响。     

静力和动力荷载作用下混凝土高层结构的倒塌模拟

在M SC.M arc有限元分析软件程序的基础上,开发了针对钢筋混凝土杆系结构的钢筋混凝土纤维模型程序THU F IBER。在该程序中,结构构件中的混凝土和钢筋分别用不同的纤维来模拟,从而使得材料滞回特性得到较准确的表达。为了验证本程序的计算能力,本文针对一个钢筋混凝土高层框架结构进行了静力弹塑性分析和动力时程分析,结果表明,THU F IBER具有出色的分析非线性问题的能力,可以进行结构倒塌模拟。     

基于多尺度模型的空间Y型拱桥抗震性能分析

对建造在高烈度区大跨度桥梁，其抗震安全性分析是桥梁设计中重要环节，特别是对结构复杂的异形空间桥梁体系。杆系模型计算效率较高，但不能反映关键构件局部受力和变形；局部构件的边界条件确定困难，而且难以准确模拟荷载传递过程，不能满足实际工程需要，而多尺度模型为兼顾计算精度和效率提供了可能。本文基于多尺度模型和杆系模型的方法，对大跨度空间Y型拱桥的动力特性进行分析，验证了桥梁多尺度建模方法的精确性与可靠性；在此基础上，开展大跨度空间Y型拱桥结构地震反应分析，探讨了大跨度拱桥地震响应规律以及关键构件局部受力和变形特征，对其抗震性能进行合理评估。     

预应力混凝土结构非线性地震反应分析

本文针对预应力混凝土与普通混凝土不同的受力特点,提出了适合于分析预应力混凝土结构抗震性能的非线性有限元模型。模型首先将混凝土结构离散为杆单元,然后对各杆单元按分层组合原理分成许多混凝土层、预应力钢筋层和普通钢筋层,计算混凝土分层单元、预应力钢筋和普通钢筋的应力和应变,最后,根据钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结－滑移关系高速钢筋变形,根据混凝土弹性模量调整结构及杆单元变形,通过对普通混凝土构件和三个预应力混凝     

钢筋混凝土构件率相关恢复力模型研究

通过钢筋混凝土构件的动态试验,研究不同加载速率下的钢筋混凝土梁柱力学特性。考虑屈服强度、极限强度和刚度的动力效应,引入损伤因子,并考虑混凝土损伤对卸载刚度的影响,建立了钢筋混凝土构件率相关的三折线恢复力模型。利用有限元分析软件模拟钢筋混凝土构件的动态试验,对比模拟结果与试验结果得出：考虑应变率效应和混凝土损伤对卸载刚度的影响,能够更好地反映构件的动力特性。对一平面框架结构模型进行不同加载速率下的动态分析,研究加载速率对结构动力反应的影响,结果表明,随着加载速率的增大,结构模型各构件的强度和刚度增大,结构模型整体抗侧移刚度增强,水平位移减小。     

钢筋混凝土框架中节点受剪性能计算的改进拉压杆模型

梁柱节点是框架结构中承受和传递荷载的关键部位。框架节点抗震性能试验研究表明,高剪应力的作用下,节点核心区通常产生显著的非弹性剪切变形。采用数值模拟研究钢筋混凝土梁柱节点抗剪性能时,正确地计算节点核心区剪应力-剪应变关系是有限元分析成功实施的关键。基于梁柱节点抗震性能试验中节点核心区的受力变形特征,提出了基于变形的改进拉压杆模型,推导了节点剪应力-剪应变(■-γ)关系曲线的计算方法。以多组梁柱节点低周反复加载试验结果为依据,对比分析斜压杆模型与基于变形的改进拉压杆模型的计算结果,校核了基于变形的改进拉压杆模型计算准确性和适用性。结果表明：与斜压杆模型相比,基于变形的改进拉压杆模型能有效预测钢筋混凝土框架中间层中节点的■-γ骨架曲线,能较准确地计算节点峰值剪应力。     

基于FENAP平台的RC高桥墩破坏过程模拟及分析

为精细模拟钢筋混凝土高桥墩在静力推覆荷载作用下的破坏过程,本文基于钢筋混凝土精细化纤维梁柱单元模型分析平台FENAP,对一实际的西部山区空心截面高桥墩进行了Pushover分析,通过对构件、截面和纤维层次的力-位移关系曲线分析,模拟了桥墩从墩底混凝土开裂、纵筋屈服到受压区混凝土压碎的完整破坏过程。并将FENAP平台与OpenSees计算结果进行对比,结果表明,FE-NAP平台可有效地模拟高墩在静力推覆荷载下的破坏过程和软化行为,具有较高的求解精度。进一步比较了不同轴压比、是否考虑约束混凝土效应及纵筋屈曲效应等因素对分析结果的影响,得出结论,轴压比和约束混凝土效应对高桥墩的破坏过程发展有较大影响,而纵筋屈曲效应影响较小,可忽略不计。     

直接基于位移设计的高强钢组合K形偏心支撑钢框架的抗震性能研究

K形高强钢组合偏心支撑(K-HSS-EBF)是指耗能连梁和支撑采用Q345钢,而框架梁、框架柱采用高强度钢(如Q460)。为研究其在罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能,在试验研究的基础上,采用直接基于位移的抗震设计方法设计了5层、8层和12层算例,分别进行静力推覆分析和动力弹塑性分析,研究高强钢组合偏心支撑钢框架在罕遇地震作用下层间侧移分布和破坏模式。研究结果表明:直接基于位移的抗震设计方法设计的算例在罕遇地震作用下,结构的层间侧移满足我国现行抗震规范的要求,结构呈理想的渐进式梁铰屈服机构,并证明该设计方法的合理性和可靠性。     

Seismic response predictions of multi‐span steel bridges through pushover analysis

In the new trend of seismic design methodology, the static pushover analysis is recommended for simple or regular structures whilst the time‐history analysis is recommended for complex structures. To this end, the applicable range of the pushover analysis has to be clarified. This study aims at investigating the applicability of pushover analysis to multi‐span continuous bridge systems with thin‐walled steel piers. The focus is concentrated on the response demand predictions in longitudinal or transverse directions. The pushover analysis procedure for such structures is firstly summarized and then parametric studies are carried out on bridges with different types of superstructure‐pier bearing connections. The considered parameters, such as piers' stiffness distribution and pier–0.5ptdeck stiffness ratio, are varied to cover both regular and irregular structures. Finally, the relation of the applicability of pushover analysis to different structural formats is demonstrated and a criterion based on the higher modal contribution is proposed to quantitatively specify the applicable range. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于推覆分析的钢框架结构地震倒塌判别准则研究

结构地震倒塌判别准则是工程结构强震分析的关键问题。在层损伤模型的基础上,建立了基于推覆分析的建筑结构整体损伤模型,并以国内某2层2跨平面钢框架结构拟静力试验为背景,应用有限元程序ABAQUS对平面钢框架进行了强震倒塌数值模拟。分析了钢框架结构的倒塌破坏过程,基于建议地震倒塌判别准则研究了钢框架结构的损伤演化规律。结果表明:钢框架结构在强震作用下的损伤发展顺序与塑性发展顺序一致;基于推覆分析的结构整体损伤模型能较好的体现强震作用下钢框架结构的损伤演化规律,且在上下界处收敛;强震作用下,钢框架结构的初始损伤主要由结构的残余侧移引起,而后期损伤主要由结构的承载力和刚度退化引起。     

Influence of soil to structure stiffness on the accuracy of the pushover method for underground structures

The pushover method for underground structures is a seismic analysis method featured by high calculation accuracy and a simple implementation process. The method has been widely used in seismic design and other related scientific research; however, the influence of different soil-structure flexibility ratios on the accuracy of this method is still not well understood. In this study, we select the cross-section structures beneath the Daikai subway station as the research object and establish 12 finite element analysis models with different soil-structure flexibility ratios using ABAQUS. All models are computed by the dynamic time-history method or the pushover method. Furthermore, the dynamic time-history solution result is taken as the standard solution, and the precision and application of the pushover analysis method are discussed based on the parameters of peak interlayer displacement and peak internal force of the middle column section. The results show that the soil-structure flexibility ratio has a significant influence on the calculation accuracy of the pushover method, and the calculation accuracy of this method is the most ideal when the soil-structure flexibility is equal to 1. The research results can provide significant references for the seismic design of underground structures or the improvement of simplified seismic analysis methods.     

Seismic evaluation of geometrically irregular steel moment resisting frames with setbacks considering their dynamic characteristics

A setback building has a sudden discontinuity in the frame geometry along the height. This kind of irregularity causes an abrupt discontinuity in stiffness, strength and mass of the building frame. In this study, a total of nineteen mid-rise 9-story steel moment resisting frames with setbacks including the broad range of different geometrical configurations were studied. An eigenvalue analysis was performed to evaluate and scrutinize the dynamic characteristics of setback structures. The effect of geometrical configurations on the seismic responses of setback frames was studied by means of nonlinear response history analysis using a set of far-field ground motion records. Moreover, due to the rapidly increasing use of pushover analysis for the seismic evaluation of structures in recent years, enhanced pushover analyses (EPAs) including the modal pushover analysis, the upper bound pushover analysis, the consecutive modal pushover and the extended N2 methods were implemented as a main part of this study. The findings show that two factors including the location of setback and the degree of setback are of key importance and influence the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses of setback structures. The degree of accuracy of the enhanced pushover analysis methods generally depends on the dynamic characteristics (geometrical configuration) of the setback frames. The largest error in the EPAs in predicting the story drifts generally occurs in a setback frame with a larger amount of the ratio between the effective modal participating mass ratio of the higher modes and that of the first mode.     

Envelope‐based pushover analysis procedure for the approximate seismic response analysis of buildings

An envelope‐based pushover analysis procedure is presented that assumes that the seismic demand for each response parameter is controlled by a predominant system failure mode that may vary according to the ground motion. To be able to simulate the most important system failure modes, several pushover analyses need to be performed, as in a modal pushover analysis procedure, whereas the total seismic demand is determined by enveloping the results associated with each pushover analysis. The demand for the most common system failure mode resulting from the ‘first‐mode’ pushover analysis is obtained by response history analysis for the equivalent ‘modal‐based’ SDOF model, whereas demand for other failure modes is based on the ‘failure‐based’ SDOF models. This makes the envelope‐based pushover analysis procedure equivalent to the N2 method provided that it involves only ‘first‐mode’ pushover analysis and response history analysis of the corresponding ‘modal‐based’ SDOF model. It is shown that the accuracy of the approximate 16th, 50th and 84th percentile response expressed in terms of IDA curves does not decrease with the height of the building or with the intensity of ground motion. This is because the estimates of the roof displacement and the maximum storey drift due to individual ground motions were predicted with a sufficient degree of accuracy for almost all the ground motions from the analysed sets. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An improved upper-bound pushover procedure for seismic assessment of high-rise moment resisting steel frames

In recent years, nonlinear static procedures (NSPs) have gained considerable popularity as an efficient tool in the performance based seismic design practice. This was backed by extensive corroboration studies that have demonstrated its good accuracy in estimating the seismic response of regular structures. Despite the numerous improvements of the original versions of NSPs, their use to assess the seismic response of irregular structures and high-rise buildings is still challenging; they are not able to predict with sufficient accuracy all the complexities associated to the seismic response of this type of structures. Thus, an improved upper-bound (IUB) pushover procedure for seismic assessment of plane frames is presented in this paper, aiming to enhance the accuracy of existing methods in predicting the seismic behaviour of high-rise buildings. The novelty of this proposal is based on the adjustment of the pattern of the lateral load of the upper-bound pushover method applied to tall structures. The accuracy of the procedure is tested using nine, twelve, fifteen and twenty storeys steel buildings. The results of the (IUB) are compared to those of the capacity spectrum method, the modal pushover analysis, the upper bound pushover analysis, the modified upper bound pushover analysis and the non-linear time history analysis (NTHA). In most cases, the proposed procedure shows better results and closer to those obtained by NTHA.     

循环往复加载的地下结构Pushover分析方法及其在地震损伤分析中的应用

考虑到地震作用下地下结构往往受到双向往复荷载作用,本文提出了循环往复加载的地下结构Pushover分析方法.介绍了该方法的实施步骤、基本功能与特点.该方法考虑了地震作用下地下结构双向受力的特点,利用多点位移控制的推覆分析算法进行地震作用下正向加载-卸载-反向再加载的全过程分析.该方法将一次循环加载过程近似看作一次地震作用过程,提出了基于循环往复加载Pushover分析的损伤模型,避免了对土-结构整体模型进行复杂的动力相互作用分析;通过一次循环往复加载的Pushover分析,根据结构构件刚度的改变对结构损伤进行有效评估.结合实际工程进行算例分析初步验证了循环往复加载Pushover分析及地震损伤模型的有效性.