高分辨率遥感影像图制作的镶嵌线自动提取

为更好地发挥遥感技术在城市规划地图制作中的应用,高分辨率遥感影像成为城市地图制作中最重要的数据源。面对地物信息复杂、建筑物众多的城市地区,如何快速提取高分辨率遥感影像地图制作过程中相邻两景影像之间的镶嵌线具有重要意义。本文以国产卫星中分辨率最高、幅宽最小的GF-2影像为数据源,融合建筑物轮廓数据,研究了基于最短路径的A*搜索算法,实现了遥感影像地图制作的镶嵌线自动提取技术。结果表明,该方法能够自动生成避让建筑物的镶嵌线,速度快、镶嵌质量高,可广泛应用于城市地区高分辨率遥感影像地图制作。     

川南区域构造变形及应力场遥感图像定量解析

采用区域构造变形及应力场遥感图像分层解析法，利用遥感TM图像对研究区宏观构造及有关的横张大节理系统进行详细解译，结合物探资料并应用力学方法对区域构造变形场和应力场进行了计算与分析，建立了该区构造变形场和应力场的三维彩色定量解析模式图，通过综合分析研究，对该区构造组合的空间格局及其控矿（油气）规律进行了探讨。     

GPS在卫星影像控制测量中的应用

随着遥感卫星影像分辨率的不断提高,利用卫星遥感影像进行地形图更新和测绘逐步成为一种高效率的测绘手段。利用GPS测量技术对卫星影像进行控制测量则是其中一项重要的基础工作。主要从GPS全野外控制测量作业方法、作业中的精度控制与分析及应注意的问题三个方面,就GPS测量技术在卫星影像控制测量中的应用作一介绍。     

Channel response in structurally disturbed terrain: evaluation of implication of neotectonic activity through an integrated approach

The anomalous channel pattern in the midland stretch of the river Karamana, having highly sinuous and incised course with varying floodplain, is analysed to determine the different stages of evolution of the river channel in response to the structural disturbances in the area. Geometric analysis of foliation, geospatial analyses of sinuosity index, hypsometry, channel and streamline changes, river channel cross-profile, longitudinal profile and derivation of fold structure from satellite images were attempted in evaluating the characteristic features of the selected river segment. Datasets used in the analysis were collected through the detailed fieldwork, structural mapping and interpretation of satellite images and satellite-derived digital elevation data. Systematic analysis of the channel pattern of the selected reaches of the river, in 1915, 1968 and 2008 classifies the river as tortuously meandering. Implications of tectonic disturbance can be inferred from the presence of channel incision, unpaired terraces, younger terrain with intense erosion, knick points, convex river long profile, and high hypsometric integral, oscillating and unpaired character of the river channel. Structural analysis along with GIS and remote sensing studies proved the presence of a major fold with a NW–SE-trending axial surface. An evolutionary model is proposed to elucidate the channel planform changes in response to the deformation and tectonic uplift of the region.     

光谱特征扩展的时间序列Landsat数据地表覆盖分类

时间序列遥感影像常用于地表覆盖监测及其变化监测。然而,利用时序遥感数据—尤其是中分辨率遥感数据监测地表覆盖变化,其方法基本是先对多期影像分别进行监督分类然后对比分类结果。由于这种方法需要对每期遥感影像单独选择分类训练样本,而对于历史影像,常常难以获得可靠的样本数据。本文基于遥感数据定量化处理,尝试利用光谱特征扩展方法对时间序列Landsat数据进行分类:首先,结合一种新的大气校正方法和相对辐射归一化方法,对时间序列Landsat数据进行定量化处理,以消除各期影像之间的辐射差异,获得地表反射率数据。然后,论文选择一期易于获得分类训练样本的反射率数据作为"参考影像",并结合样本数据提取不同地表覆盖类型的光谱特征。最后,将"参考影像"中提取的地物光谱特征,扩展到所有时间序列反射率数据进行分类。论文利用青藏高原玛多地区的5景Landsat数据对本文的方法进行了验证,结果显示:基于光谱特征扩展的分类方法,可有效对定量化处理后的Landsat数据进行分类,分类总体精度为88.35%—94.25%,分类结果和传统的单景监督分类结果具有较好的一致性。此外,研究也发现,"参考影像"和待分类图像获取时间的季相差异会影响其分类的精度。     

遥感影像定向光照增强及构造解译

多光谱假彩色合成遥感影像已经广泛应用于线性构造解译,受构造应力场制约,区域构造均具有显著的定向性,当卫星影像拍摄时光照方向与区域线性构造方向不能匹配时,构造特征常常不能很好显示,从而影响解译效果。文章提出一种利用数字高程模型模拟特定方向光照模型增强多光谱影像的新方法,用垂直于解译目标的最佳光照模型替代原光照模型以增强区域构造线性特征,同一地区对不同方向的构造解译采用了不同方向的光照模型,有效提高了线性构造信息的可解译程度。以四川盆地西侧的龙门山以南地区为例,进行了断裂构造的遥感解译,对该区地震研究和油气勘探工作具有参考意义。     

Pleiades卫星影像测图能力与精度分析试验研究

随着遥感技术的飞速发展,高分辨率卫星遥感影像越来越多地用于地理信息产品生产。本文首先介绍了SPOT系列的下一代光学遥感卫星Pleiades,通过生产试验,研究了Pleiades卫星影像稀少控制点定向情况,分析了Pleiades卫星影像立体测图的精度,并给出相关结论供Pleiades卫星影像生产实践参考。     

A general framework of TOPSIS method for integration of airborne geophysics,satellite imagery,geochemical and geological data

This work presents the promising application of three variants of TOPSIS method (namely the conventional, adjusted and modified versions) as a straightforward knowledge-driven technique in multi criteria decision making processes for data fusion of a broad exploratory geo-dataset in mineral potential/prospectivity mapping. The method is implemented to airborne geophysical data (e.g. potassium radiometry, aeromagnetic and frequency domain electromagnetic data), surface geological layers (fault and host rock zones), extracted alteration layers from remote sensing satellite imagery data, and five evidential attributes from stream sediment geochemical data. The central Iranian volcanic-sedimentary belt in Kerman province at the SE of Iran that is embedded in the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage arc (UDMA) is chosen to integrate broad evidential layers in the region of prospect. The studied area has high potential of ore mineral occurrences especially porphyry copper/molybdenum and the generated mineral potential maps aim to outline new prospect zones for further investigation in future. Two evidential layers of the downward continued aeromagnetic data and its analytic signal filter are prepared to be incorporated in fusion process as geophysical plausible footprints of the porphyry type mineralization. The low values of the apparent resistivity layer calculated from the airborne frequency domain electromagnetic data are also used as an electrical criterion in this investigation. Four remote sensing evidential layers of argillic, phyllic, propylitic and hydroxyl alterations were extracted from ASTER images in order to map the altered areas associated with porphyry type deposits, whilst the ETM+ satellite imagery data were used as well to map iron oxide layer. Since potassium alteration is generally the mainstay of porphyry ore mineralization, the airborne potassium radiometry data was used. The geochemical layers of Cu/B/Pb/Zn elements and the first component of PCA analysis were considered as powerful traces to prepare final maps. The conventional, adjusted and modified variants of the TOPSIS method produced three mineral potential maps, in which the outputs indicate adequately matching of high potential zones with previous working and active mines in the region.     

新一代水文遥感潜力展望

本文从我国水文遥感技术和应用的现状出发,以降雨量估算、土壤含水量探测、湖泊和巨型水库水位监测及大型水体水温监测为重点,阐述了新一代水文遥感的技术动向和发展趋势,点明了90年代我国水文遥感的研究方向。     

Parallelizing maximum likelihood classification on computer cluster and graphics processing unit for supervised image classification

ABSTRACT

Supervised image classification has been widely utilized in a variety of remote sensing applications. When large volume of satellite imagery data and aerial photos are increasingly available, high-performance image processing solutions are required to handle large scale of data. This paper introduces how maximum likelihood classification approach is parallelized for implementation on a computer cluster and a graphics processing unit to achieve high performance when processing big imagery data. The solution is scalable and satisfies the need of change detection, object identification, and exploratory analysis on large-scale high-resolution imagery data in remote sensing applications.     

面向新型基础测绘的遥感影像数据源保障探讨

卫星遥感影像是现代基础测绘最为重要的数据源之一,随着新型基础测绘对卫星影像数据的要求不断提高,我国卫星遥感影像数据源建设水平与新型基础测绘数据需求的不匹配问题也变得更加突出。该文通过分析新型基础测绘在覆盖范围、分辨率、时效性和覆盖频次等多方面的新需求,结合国内外遥感卫星资源,提出了基于虚拟星座的多星协同影像获取解决方案,并从构建虚拟星座、多星组网拍摄、多源影像优选等关键技术点介绍了虚拟星座的构建途径。最后通过在第一次全国地理国情普查标准时点核准遥感影像保障工作中的成功应用,验证了基于虚拟星座的多星协同影像获取方案的可行性和有效性,同时表明其在新型基础测绘影像保障方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

第四系覆盖层及水体下遥感影像隐伏地质构造信息的提取

本文阐述了利用多时相多波段卫星遥感影像和CCT磁带进行计算机数字增强处理、提取山东省南四湖含煤区水体下及第四系覆盖层下隐伏地质构造信息的方法,解译出了该区的主要断裂构造格架,指出了隐伏的隆起、凹陷、褶皱和火成岩体的分布范围,为煤田勘探和开采提供了有价值的资料。     

The georeferencing of RASAT satellite imagery and some practical approaches to increase the georeferencing accuracy

RASAT Earth Observation Satellite is the second remote sensing satellite of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Space Technologies Search Institute (TUBITAK Space). Generally, the first step to utilize the satellite imagery in GIS applications is the accurate geometric correction of the imagery. But, the geometric correction process of RASAT images is somewhat difficult due to insufficient orbit data and lack of satellite imagery processing software with RASAT model. Although the geolocation of RASAT images is investigated in some recent studies, subpixel accuracies cannot be achieved. In this study, different geometric correction methods and combination of them are tested with a more interactive workflow that uses the results of other approaches. Results show that these approaches can be used for the geometric correction of RASAT like pushbroom satellite images with insufficient orbit data and better geolocation accuracies can be achieved by different geometric correction approaches.     

High altitude aircraft remote sensing during the 1988 Yellowstone national park wildfires

Abstract

The advancement of satellite remote sensing has offered greater potential for mapping volcanic deposits. Although the development of weather‐independent microwave remote sensing has made the frequent detection over large area detection of deposits using SAR intensity image is sometimes hindered by ambiguities and noise. The ambiguities occur in volcanic deposit areas covered by young vegetation and that give either high or low backscatter depending upon their orientation. For this reason coherent images were integrated with SAR intensity images to extract more reliable information about volcanic deposited area. Besides, the layover areas due to the viewing geometry of SAR make difficulties to map the volcanic deposits on every side of the mountain. To avoid the influence of layover effects fusion techniques of ascending and descending pass SAR intensity and coherent images were developed. Using the fused images with an optical image, a color composite was developed to identify the areas affected by an eruption. In this color composite, especially vegetation damages can be easily identified.     

Structure and its impact in Uthangarai and Thirthamalai region, Tamil Nadu, India using remote sensing technique

The Uthangarai-Thirthamalai region in Dharmapuri district is a typical Precambrian tract in Tamil Nadu. IRS-1C satellite imagery was used for interpreting folds, faults, fractures and lineaments, in this region. As interpreted from the satellite imagery, there are five major structural domains, which control the Ponnaiyar, Pambar, Vaniyar and Kovilar river courses and other drainage pattern in this region. Presence of fault rock, epidotization and sympathetic fractures along such folds and faults reveals the intensity of tectonism in this sector. The interpreted lineaments have been classified into five major groups on the basis of their geometry and orientation. From the rose diagram, it is inferred that the NNW-SSE trending lineaments are fall in major frequency domain. The springs observed near Hanumanthirtham and Thirthamalai region could be structurally originated. The geomorphology interpreted from the satellite data has shown significant morphological expression of folds, faults and lineaments. The geophysical data have been analysed and correlated with intensity of weathering by fractures and lineaments.     

Monitoring the source of trans-national dust storms in north east Asia

Abstract

The vast expanse of the Gobi desert across the Mongolian plateau experiences frequent dust storms. In this isolated region remote sensing techniques can provide an effective measurement of dust storms. Brightness temperature channels 4, 5 of AVHRR/NOAA satellite data, emissive bands of MODIS/TERRA satellite data and meteorological station measurement data were used and tested for dust and sandstorm mapping in the desert area of Mongolia and northern China. The differences between thermal bands in combination with geographic information system (GIS) layers were used for mapping in this study. The results show that dust and sand storm maps can be achieved from emissive bands for monitoring of dust and sandstorms. Most active dust storm sources can occur in truly remote areas where there is little or no human activity, although many sources are associated with areas where human impacts are well documented. Thus, on a regional scale dust mobilisation appears to be dominated by natural sources.     

Use of MODIS satellite images for detailed lake morphometry: Application to basins with large water level fluctuations

Lake morphometry is essential for managing water resources and limnetic ecosystems. For reservoirs that receive high sediment loads, frequent morphometric mapping is necessary to define both the effective life of the reservoir and its water storage capacity for irrigation, power generation, flood control and domestic water supply. The current study presents a methodology for updating the digital depth model (DDM) of lakes and reservoirs with wide intra and interannual fluctuations of water levels using satellite remote sensing. A time series of Terra MODIS satellite images was used to map shorelines formed during the annual water level change cycle, and were validated with concurrent Landsat ETM+ satellite images. The shorelines were connected with in-situ observation of water levels and were treated as elevation contours to produce the DDM using spatial interpolation. The accuracy of the digitized shorelines is within the mapping accuracy of the satellite images, while the resulting DDM is validated using in-situ elevation measurements. Two versions of the DDM were produced to assess the influence of seasonal water fluctuation. Finally, the methodology was applied to Lake Kerkini (Greece) to produce an updated DDM, which was compared with the last available bathymetric survey (1991) and revealed changes in sediment distribution within the lake.     

新一代智能测绘遥感科学试验卫星珞珈三号01星

光学测绘遥感卫星的性能不断提升,种类日益丰富,已经成为获取全球精准测绘遥感信息的重要支撑。当前光学测绘遥感卫星已具备亚米级的空间分辨能力,但测绘遥感信息服务存在严重的滞后问题,亟须发展智能测绘遥感卫星,向实时智能服务转型升级。本文首先基于光学测绘遥感卫星3种成像体制及其实现方式和应用特点,分析智能测绘遥感卫星的适用体制,进一步面向实时化、智能化和大众化的应用需求,提出通导遥(通信、导航、遥感)一体化智能遥感卫星的设计构想,重点分析智能遥感卫星的服务方式及一体化功能组成;然后,阐述新一代智能测绘遥感科学试验卫星珞珈三号01星的性能与特点;最后,对智能测绘遥感卫星的发展和使命进行总结与展望。珞珈三号01星集遥感与通信功能于一体,探索了从数据获取到应用终端的测绘遥感信息高效智能服务模式,为遥感数据基于天地互联网的在轨处理与实时传输提供了真实的服务验证平台,对我国空间信息网络的建设具有重大意义。     

Object-Based Rule Sets and Its Transferability for Building Extraction from High Resolution Satellite Imagery

With the advent of high spatial resolution satellite imagery, automatic and semiautomatic building extractions have turned into one of the outstanding research topics in the field of remote sensing and machine vision. To this date, various algorithms have been presented for extracting the buildings from satellite images. Such methods lend their bases to diverse criteria such as radiometric, geometric, edge detection, and shadow. In this paper, a novel object based approach has been proposed for automatic and robust detections as well as extraction of the building in high spatial resolution images. To fulfill this, we simultaneously made use of both stable and variable features. While the former can be derived from inherent characteristics of the buildings, the latter is extracted using a feature analysis tool. In addition, a novel perspective has been recommended to boost the automation degree of the segmentation part in the object based analysis of remote sensing imagery. The proposed method was applied to a QuickBird imagery of an urban area in Isfahan city and the results of the quantitative evaluation demonstrated that the proposed method could yield promising results. Moreover, in another section of this study, for assessing the algorithm transferability, the rule set was implemented to a part of the WorldView image of Yazd city, proving that the proposed approach is capable of transferability in different types of case studies.     

高分辨率光学卫星遥感影像高精度无地面控制精确处理的理论与方法

卫星影像全球无地面控制高精度几何定位是卫星摄影测量技术发展追求的主要目标,也是实现困难地区和境外地区测图的关键支撑技术。本文围绕我国国产遥感卫星的技术发展,详细论述了高分辨率光学卫星遥感影像高精度无地面控制几何定位的理论与方法,在天星地一体化全链路误差建模分析的基础上,提出了在轨几何定标理论与方法、稳态重成像几何处理模型与方法及大规模无地面控制区域网平差理论与方法。将本文方法应用于资源三号卫星影像的数据处理,试验结果满足1∶50 000测图精度,证明了理论和方法的正确性。