水平力作用下嵌岩桩桩顶内力分布的模型试验

基于水平荷载下的8组模型试验桩的电测资料;分析了嵌岩桩基的实测桩顶内力的变化及分布规律,指出水平力作用下的桩顶内力分布与承台上外竖向力（和弯矩）荷载的局部分布方式有关。     

Improved Pile Geometry to Reduce Negative Skin Friction on Single Driven Pile and Pile Groups Subjected to Lateral Loads

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Negative skin friction on piles represents a severe problem when piles were installed in soft clay due to consolidation process. It reduces the bearing...     

Pile Head Cyclic Lateral Loading of Single Pile

This paper presents an elastic continuum model using an extended nonlinear Davies and Budhu equations, which enables the nonlinear behavior of the soil around the long elastic pile to be modeled using a simple expression of pile-head stiffness method. The calculated results were validated with the measured full-scale dynamic field tests data conducted in Auckland residual clay. An idealized soil profile and soil stiffness under small strain (i.e. shear modulus, G _s and shear wave velocity, V _s of the soil) determined from in situ testing was used to model the single pile tests results. The predictions of these extended equations are also confirmed by using the three-dimensional finite-element OpenSeesPL (Lu et al. in OpenSeesPL 3D lateral pile-ground interaction: user manual, University of California, San Diego, 2010). A soil stiffness reduction factor, G _s /G _s,max of 0.36 was introduced to the proposed method and model. It was found to give a reasonable prediction for a single pile subjected to dynamic lateral loading. The reduction in soil stiffness found from the experiment arises from the cumulative effects of pile–soil separation as well as a change in the soil properties subjected to cyclic load. In summary, if the proposed method and model are accurately verified and properly used, then they are capable of producing realistic predictions. Both models provide good modelling tools to replicate the full-scale dynamic test results.     

Influence of Relative Pile-Soil Stiffness and Load Eccentricity on Single Pile Response in Sand Under Lateral Cyclic Loading

The environment prevalent in ocean necessitates the piles supporting offshore structures to be designed against lateral cyclic loading initiated by wave action, which induces deterioration in the strength and stiffness of the pile-soil system introducing progressive reduction in the bearing capacity associated with increased settlement of the pile foundation. A thorough and detailed review of literature indicates that significant works have already been carried out in the relevant field of investigation. It is a well established phenomenon that the variation of relative pile-soil stiffness (K _rs ) and load eccentricity (e/D) significantly affect the response of piles subjected to lateral static load. However, the influence of lateral cyclic load on axial response of single pile in sand, more specifically the effect of K _rs and e/D on the cyclic behavior, is yet to be investigated. The present work has aimed to bridge up this gap. To carry out numerical analysis (boundary element method), the conventional elastic approach has been used as a guideline with relevant modifications. The model developed has been validated by comparing with available experimental (laboratory model and field tests) results, which indicate the accuracy of the solutions formulated. Thereafter, the methodology is applied successfully to selected parametric studies for understanding the magnitude and pattern of degradation of axial pile capacity induced due to lateral cyclic loading, as well as the influence of K _rs and e/D on such degradation.     

Nonlinear Response of Single Piles in Sand Subjected to Lateral Loads using k hmax Approach

This paper presents results of analysis of full-scale pile load test data of 14 piles embedded in either loose or medium dense sands. The analysis was performed using two methods, p–y curve approach and a more recently developed k_hmax approach. Comparison of the results obtained using both the methods is also presented. A step-by-step analysis procedure is presented for predicting lateral load deflection response of single piles in sand using the k_hmax approach. The results presented show that the k_hmax approach has promise over the p–y curve approach because of its simplicity and the fact that it provides upper- and lower-bound curves, which are valuable guides to making engineering decisions. For loose sands, a new range of k_hmax values is recommended to better predict the lateral load–deflection response of single piles.     

Static Equilibrium of Screw Anchor Pile Under Lateral Load in Sands

The screw anchor piles are installed in ground by screwing which is done with the help of torque motors. In this paper, the lateral load capacity of screw anchor piles is examined through an experimental investigation carried on model piles embedded in dry sand. The tests were carried on screw anchor piles with different number of helices provided in continuation. Lateral loads were applied at different height above the soil surface. The embedment length of screw anchor piles was also varied to study the behaviour of screw anchor piles under lateral loads. Some tests were conducted on plain shaft pile to compare the lateral load capacity of screw anchor piles with that of plain shaft piles. An empirical equation for computation of lateral loads has been developed considering lateral resistance, bearing resistance, uplift resistance and lateral resistance offered by soil in pile on the basis of experimental results. A theoretical model for predicting lateral load capacity of screw anchor piles in dry sand, consistent with the experimental findings has been developed in this study.     

冻土中单桩抗压承载力模型试验研究

以新疆地区某高压输电线建设项目为背景, 在室内进行了人工冻结条件下桩的静载荷模型试验. 试验研究在不同冻结温度下冻土中单桩竖向荷载下的承载力特性及其力学现状, 分析了包括桩的轴力、桩土冻结强度及其分布规律, 以及桩端阻力特性和桩头竖向位移与荷载的关系曲线等. 研究获得了桩的冻结力、单桩竖向承载力与温度的关系等, 可为未来西部冻土地区桩基的设计与施工提供参考依据.     

海洋工程中大直径管桩垂直水平荷载试验研究

通过海洋环境条件下大直径管桩的垂直和水平荷载试验,分析了管桩在垂直和水平荷载作用下的受力特点,得到了管桩的垂直极限承载力、侧摩阻力及端承力、轴向反力系数等结果,以及水平荷载作用下桩顶位移和转角关系、弯矩分布、土抗力、水平地基反力系数的比例系数和最大弯矩点等参数。试验结果表明：垂直荷载作用下,极限承载力可达12000kN,在沉桩过程中部分桩有一定程度的闭塞;大直径管桩能够抵抗水平荷载的作用,弹性长桩的受力性质主要受上部土层的影响。根据试验结果计算的水平地基抗力比例系数m值,对本工程及同类地质条件的桩基设计具有参考价值。     

关于水泥土搅拌桩复合地基载荷试验的探讨

通过试验结果的对比,讨论了地基土含水量变化对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基承载力的影响,建议采用＂10 mm厚的水泥砂浆对整个试验场地进行封闭保护＂来减低其影响。通过2个典型试验场地试验结果的对比分析,讨论了按现行规范规定确定复合地基承载力特征值可能存在的问题;建议进行破坏性试验,先定极限荷载,然后再根据＂先评价复合地基均匀性、再根据安全系数确定承载力＂的原则确定复合地基的承载力。     

竖向荷载下挤扩支盘桩试验研究

通过6根挤扩支盘桩的单桩静载试验和桩身应力及桩端反力测试试验成果,分析挤扩支盘桩在竖向荷载下的变形受力特征,揭示了桩侧阻力的分布规律和发挥过程,计算了极限状态下端阻对桩顶荷载的分担比,提出若将支盘阻力当作侧阻考虑,支盘桩属于摩擦桩范畴。文章还采用灰色系统理论的灰色关联分析方法,揭示了支盘桩的承载性状。     

Effect of Edge Distance from the Slope Crest on the Response of a Laterally Loaded Pile in Sloping Ground

Compared to the field tests, the numerical modelling is an economical way to analyze the response of laterally loaded piles in sloping grounds. This paper presents a three-dimensional finite element analysis to investigate the effect of edge distance from the slope crest of a laterally loaded pile embedded in the sloping ground for different slope angles and pile lengths. The results show that the pile top displacement and the bending moment in the pile decrease with an increase in the edge distance, whereas they increase as the slope angle is increased. The response of the pile in sloping ground is compared with its response in the level ground. The comparison is used to develop a simple methodology for estimating the pile top displacement and the maximum bending moment for any edge distance from the slope crest considering their values for level ground.     

Response of Pile Groups Driven in Sand Subjected to Combined Loads

Although the loads applied on piles are usually a combination of both vertical and lateral loads, very limited experimental research has been done on the response of pile groups subjected to combined loads. Due to pile–soil–pile interaction in pile groups, the response of a pile group may differ substantially from that of a single pile. This difference depends on soil state and pile spacing. This paper presents results of experiments designed to investigate pile interaction effects on the response of pile groups subjected to both axial and lateral loads. The experiments were load tests performed on model pile groups (2 × 2 pile groups) in calibration chamber sand samples. The model piles were driven into the sand samples prepared with different relative densities using a sand pluviator. The combined load tests were performed on the model pile groups subjected to different axial load levels, i.e., 0 (pure lateral loading), 25, 50, and 75% of the ultimate axial load capacity of the pile groups, defined as the load corresponding to a settlement of 10% of the model pile diameter. The combined load test results showed that the bending moment and lateral deflection at the head of the piles increased substantially for tests performed in the presence of axial loads, suggesting that the presence of axial loads on groups of piles driven in sand is detrimental to their lateral capacity.     

HGP桩在地基处理中的应用

通过工程实例,介绍HGP桩复合地基的设计计算及施工工艺,根据现场检测结果,说明采用HGP桩能有效提高地基强度、控制地基变形,而且HGP桩具有施工机具简单、可操作性强、造价低、不受场地条件限制等优点。HGP桩在地基处理中具有很好的推广应用价值。     

Experimental Investigations on the Behaviour of Pile Groups in Clay Under Lateral Cyclic Loading

This paper presents the results of two-way cyclic lateral load tests carried out on model pile groups embedded in soft marine clay. The tests are conducted on 1 × 2, 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 pile groups having length to diameter ratio (L/D) of 15, 30 and 40 with the spacing to diameter ratio (S/D) of 3, 5, 7 and 9. The experimental results are presented in the form of load–deflection curves and bending moment profiles. Cyclic group efficiency, critical spacing, critical cyclic load level and cyclic p-multipliers are evaluated. It is found that the lateral capacity of the 3 × 3 group reduces by about 42% after 50 cycles of loading. The cyclic p-multipliers of 3 × 3 pile group are found to be 0.41, 0.25 and 0.29 for leading, intermediate and rear rows respectively. The test results are compared with the numerical analysis carried out by p–y method using GROUP program. The analysis carried out with experimentally evaluated p-multipliers predicts load—deflection and bending profiles of pile groups reasonably well, but underestimates the depth to maximum bending moment by about 15%.     

上海浅部硬土分布区静载荷试验结果分析

通过一个工程10组单桩竖向静载荷破坏性试验成果资料分析,探讨了上海西部3~16 m浅部硬土层存在地区单桩竖向极限承载力试桩破坏形式,桩侧极限摩阻力的选用以及沉桩桩身质量保证对试验成果的影响。     

大直径桩荷载传递规律的试验及理论研究

用室内直剪摩擦试验和压缩试验测定桩侧不同深度土层及桩端土层的荷载传递参数 ,根据桩 土共同作用理论分析桩的荷载 沉降关系及桩的荷载传递规律 ,为确定大直径桩的承载力提供了一种新的非破坏性的室内试验与理论分析相结合的方法 ,其分析结果与现场荷载试验结果完全吻合。     

Effect of Pile Driving on Ground Vibration in Clay Soil: Numerical and Experimental Study

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - In this study, peak particle velocity (PPV) values for driving three piles with diameters of 40 cm, 50 cm, and 70 cm in a clayey...     

Strength and Compressibility Characteristics of a Soft Clay Subjected to Ground Treatment

The compressibility properties, undrained shear strength, and stress history are essential for reliable calculations of settlement and bearing capacity of soft soils. However, it is sometimes a challenge to determine representative parameters for very soft and high plasticity clays, which are often found in Brazilian coastal areas. In this study an extensive site investigation was planned aiming to interpret the behaviour of a trial embankment on stabilized soft ground. The site investigation was carried out in a test area located in the west of city of Rio de Janeiro, consisted of three clusters in which standard penetration tests, vane shear tests, and piezocone tests (CPTu) were performed. A number of correlations was developed and compared with empirical equations in order to verify their reliability. The results of these tests made it possible to define geotechnical parameters of the soft clay to use in the numerical and analytical computations of the embankment on reinforced ground.     

探地雷达在桩基探测中的应用研究

文章叙述了探地雷达对桩基探测的一系列实验工作，通过探地雷达三个参数的匹配对比，研究适合在上海地区应用探地雷达探测桩的一些技术措施和方法。     

深层平板和单桩竖向抗压静载试验的对比分析

根据Mindlin理论弹性位移解,结合有限元算例,分析了在同等荷载工作条件下深层平板和单桩竖向抗压静载试验的竖向位移差异。深层平板与单桩竖向抗压静载试验产生的竖向位移的比值,随着桩径的增大而减小,在常规桩径0.8～2.0 m范围内,两者的比值为3.2～4.6倍。工程实例发现,两者的比值可达4.5～7.2倍。因此,深层平板载荷试验不能充分挖掘单桩竖向受力潜能,其试验结果不能真实反应单桩竖向受力性能,不应采用深层平板载荷试验确定桩端承载力,而应采用单桩竖向抗压静载试验确定承载力。