粘土的蠕变-松弛耦合试验研究

本文对常规应变控制式三轴仪的耦合试验和应力控制式三轴仪的蠕变试验所确定的长期强度进行比较,验证耦合试验的适用性以及“单级加载”和“逐级加载”耦合试验结果的一致性。提出一种省样省时的“常规剪切与单级耦合试验相结合的新方法”。最后介绍了耦合试验中流变参数确定的思路和计算,这将提高耦合试验在研究和实用中的价值。     

粘土的双硬化模型

本文中建议了一个包含塑性体应变和偏应变两个硬化参数的封闭屈服面模型，可以同时应用于正常固结土和超固结土。该模型沿用了剑桥模型的参数测定方法，而大大拓展其适用范围。通过正常固结试样、超固结试样和应力路线转折条件下计算与试验曲线的对比，说明该模型有较广泛的适应性。     

柱撑粘土的晶体结构模型

根据X射线衍射、电子探针等实验数据综合分析和理论计算，讨论了柱撑基团[Al13O4(OH)24(OH2)12]^7 和[Ti20O32(OH)12(OH2)18]^4 在粘土矿物结构单元层层间的分布，铝基和钛基的笼状离子作用范围分别相当于粘土矿物的10个和6个晶胞。羧基铝柱撑蒙脱石层间孔道高度为0.9-1.2nm，直径为1.5nm；理论孔道率为84％，有效孔道率为56％。钛基柱撑蒙脱石的层间孔道高度为1.34-1.60nm，直径为1.0nm，理论也道率为75％，有效孔道率为50％。根据柱撑离子基团的两种类型，可把柱撑粘土分为Keggin型柱撑粘土和Dawson型柱撑粘土。     

Clays of the Navbakhor Deposit,Uzbekistan

A new deposit of high-quality bentonites and carbonate–palygorskite clays was discovered in the Paleogene section of the southwestern foothill of Southern Nuratau Range. The bentonites have a substantially montmorillonitic composition. Minor and admixture components are represented by illite, palygorskite, quartz, iron hydroxides, and other minerals. In terms of physicochemical properties, the bentonites are subdivided into the alkaline and alkaline-earth varieties. The carbonate–palygorskite clays possess a calcite–montmorillonite–palygorskite composition. The bentonites and carbonate–palygorskite clays formed in the alkaline medium of a marine basin. The major rock-forming montmorillonite formed as a result of the transformation of structurally similar clay minerals, while calcite and palygorskite are authigenic minerals. The bentonites and carbonate–palygorskite clays have been ascertained as a material suitable for the preparation of drilling muds, as adsorbents for the bleaching of cotton oil and purification of alcoholic products, as ointment bases and the principal component for medicinal preparations, and for other purposes.     

黏性土的应力-应变关系归一化性状探讨

土的应力-应变关系与固结压力水平密切相关,体现为土的归一化性状.针对黏性土固结不排水剪切试验的应力-应变关系,对黏性土归一化性状的存在条件进行了探讨分析,认为黏性土应力-应变关系归一化性状的存在与否取决于土的模量与归一换化因子的正比关系及土的抗剪强度特性,通常采用围压σ3和平均固结压力σm作为归一化因子;研究表明当应力-应变关系为Kondner双曲线方程形式,对于采用围压σ3和平均固结压力σm归一化效果很差的黏性土,若采用(σ3)n或(σm)n(选取适当的n值)进行归一化,则效果较好.     

福州地区结构性软土次固结试验研究

为研究福州地区浅层软土的结构性特征,特进行了一组原状土和相应的重塑土的一维固结试验。通过原状土和预压后软土的一维次固结试验,探讨了软土的次固结特性。试验结果表明,原状土和重塑土的固结曲线明显不同,说明福州地区浅层软土具有结构性;原状土主次固结的划分以及次固结系数Cα与结构强度有关,经预压结构破坏以后土样的主次固结分界及次固结系数Cα主要受预压荷载Pp影响。     

粘土的压密状态及其力学性质

本文首先较详细一讨论了一般粘土(“结构强度”的影响可以忽路)和有“结构强度”粘土的压密状态.区分先期固结压力和结构屈服压力不同的物理实质,澄清二者之间的差别并指出混淆这种差别可能引起对土的压密状态的分析和力学性质的估计的错误.其次,讨论了土的结构强度,压密状态和压密性质之间的关系.最后,讨论了土的结构强度、压密状态和抗剪强度的关系.揭示了孔隙水压力变化的规律.     

Analysis of Swelling and Shrinkage Behavior of Compacted Clays

The impact of the variation in compaction condition on the swelling and shrinkage behavior of three soils has been examined. Two natural soils, namely red soil and black cotton soil, and one artificially mixed soil sample of commercial bentonite with well-graded sand, were studied. Compaction curve for Standard Proctor conditions were plotted and four compaction conditions were selected. Experimental results showed that clay mineralogy dominates over compaction conditions in influencing the swelling and shrinkage behavior of the tested soils. Monitoring of void ratio (e)−water content (w) relations during shrinkage showed that soil specimens generally shrunk in three distinct linear stages. A small reduction in void ratio occurred on reduction in water content during the first shrinkage stage and was termed as initial shrinkage. In second stage, void ratio decreased rapidly with reduction in water content and was termed as primary shrinkage. In third and final stage, reduction in water content is accompanied by a marginal change in void ratio and it’s called residual shrinkage. Irrespective of initial compaction conditions studied, the transition from primary to residual shrinkage for all the specimens occurred within a narrow range of water content (10–15%).     

Study of Compacted State and mechanical Behaviour of Clays

This paper discusses in detail compacted states of common clay (the effect of the structural strength can be negiligible) and clay possessing structural strength. The physical essence of preconsolidation pressure is distinguished from that of structural yield pressure. The difference between them is demonstrated. It is pointed out that improper interpretation their difference may cause froubles in analyzing compactibility of clays and evaluating their mechanical properties. The relationship among structural strength, compactibility , and shear strength of clays is discussed, and some phenomena of pore-water pressure change are presented.     

K_o固结粘土各向异性不排水剪强度研究

在三维各向异性弹塑性本构关系基础上，求解不排水条件和破坏条件，导出各种不同试验条件下K0团结粘土的各向异性不排水剪强度表达式。对常规超固结比定义下的不排水剪强度进行研究，将理论计算结果与试验结果进行比较，验证所提理论的合理性。     

Application of Clays in Fire Retardant Materials of Polymers

Because of the dispersion at the nanometer level, polymer-clay nanocomposites exhibit superior properties in comparison with pure polymer or conventional composites; this includes properties such as barrier properties , improved thermal stability and flame retardancy. The outstanding properties of polymer-clay nanocomposites are achieved at a much lower volume fraction, compared with conventional composites. Polymer-clay nanocomposites can be processed using common techniques, such as extrusion and casting, which are superior to the cumbersome techniques used for the conventional composites. Hence, polymer-clay nanocomposites have important potential commercial value.     

Dewatering Behaviour of a Uranium Ore Slurry Containing Clays

The main objective of this paper was to investigate the dewatering behaviour of a clayey uranium ore slurry. The slurry (containing 28% clay size) exhibited moderate water adsorption (w _l  = 83% and w _p  = 30%). Primarily composed of muscovite (46%) and quartz (30%), the clay minerals included illite (8%), chlorite (5%) and kaolinite (2%) alongside a CEC of 41 (cmol(+)/kg) with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ as the dominant cations. Likewise, the high EC (17,600 μS/cm) and ionic strength (1.15 mol/L) indicated a flocculated microstructure due to the presence of SO₄ ^2? (22,600 mg/L) and Mg²⁺ (1340 mg/L) in the slurry water. Settling included sedimentation and consolidation at low initial solids condition (25–35%) whereas only consolidation was observed at high initial solids contents (40–50%). The average k reduced from 1.2 × 10^?6 m/s (initial s = 25%) to 5.3 × 10^?8 m/s (initial s = 50%) along with a void ratio reduction from 7.4 to 2.6. Due to thixotropic strength, volume compressibility during consolidation showed apparent pre-consolidation at low effective stress (0.3–2 kPa) with a reduction in void ratio from 2.6 to 2.5. The e _s was found to be 2.46 at σ′ = 2 kPa and was followed by a steeper slope with the void ratio reducing to 2.1 at σ′ = 31 kPa. Likewise, the hydraulic conductivity during consolidation decreased from 2.6 × 10^?9 m/s (at e = 2.6) to 2.0 × 10^?10 m/s (at e = 2.1).     

粘土矿物对胡敏酸的吸附行为研究

以蒙脱石和高岭土为吸附剂,分别与胡敏酸反应,研究胡敏酸在蒙脱石和高岭石上的吸附行为,并运用红外光谱、热重和Zeta电位等分析方法,表征分析了吸附前后的粘土矿物.实验结果表明,吸附过程受胡敏酸的初始浓度和pH值等因素影响;胡敏酸对粘土矿物的吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温方程;表征分析表明两种粘土矿物与胡敏酸复合体的红外光谱出现了C-H振动吸收峰;粘土矿物与胡敏酸结合后Zeta电位下降.实验的结果将有助于进一步探明环境中粘土矿物对胡敏酸的吸附机理.     

Miocene Placers and Ceramic Clays of the Central Russian Upland

Geology of Ore Deposits - Abstract—Miocene rocks within the eastern slope of the Central Russian Upland are represented by the rocks of the Berekskaya (Oligocene–Miocene),...     

Evaluation and Prediction of the Swelling Characteristics of Nigerian Black Clays

The swelling characteristics of black clays from two major areas of occurrence in Borno State, Nigeria, were investigated in the laboratory. Clay samples derived from lagoonal clay deposits showed high swelling tendencies while those samples derived from Olivine basalts showed medium to high swelling tendencies. Although interparticle swelling was the dominant swelling mechanism, soil samples with higher clay contents exhibited higher swelling tendencies. The developed predictive models show that the free swell percentage as well as the swelling pressure can be predicted from measured values of electrical conductivity, specific gravity, clay content and plasticity index. On the other hand, swell percent can be predicted from measured values of electrical conductivity and specific gravity only.     

The Influence of Placement Conditions on the Swelling of Variable Clays

The swelling of clay when it is subjected to moisture increase is a complicated process found to be influenced by several factors. The clay??s level of response is highly dependent on its mineralogical composition and structure. Practicing geotechnical engineers use the placement state and general index properties to forecast the swelling behavior of the soils. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of placement conditions on various clays and to demonstrate that the swelling of a particular clay type should not be predicted using information and trends obtained for other clays with different origins. Clay from Saudi Arabia was used to investigate the influence of initial moisture content and initial dry density on swelling. The prediction models created by other researchers were compared to the measured values in this study. The swelling behavior of both initially dry and wet prepared bentonite was examined, and the rate at which swelling developed in the bentonite clay was studied. The role of clay content in the volume change of sand?Cbentonite mixtures was also investigated. It was concluded that the prediction of clay-swelling parameters should not be based on the properties of other clays with different origins and mineralogical compositions. The trends published in the literature should be taken as a general guide only, and the influence of moisture content and dry density on swelling should be verified for individual sites. Because clay content significantly influences the overall volume change, it should be carefully assessed in each case.     

影响粘土静止侧压力的一些问题

本文讨论了土的物理属性，应力历史，结构特性、土骨架的流变性质以及测量时采用的应力－应变路径等对静止侧压力的影响，最后，说明了对不同土实在实施Ｋ０值的测定时应注意的问题及对测试设备的要求。