Correlations between SPT,CPT, and Vs for Reclaimed Lands near Dubai

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Artificial islands near Dubai were constructed with geomaterials of significant gravel content from other areas of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The...     

上海地区土体抗剪强度与静力触探比贯入阻力相关关系研究

基于上海地区19个工程共201组数据,通过黏土、粉质黏土和粉砂在上海地区土层中的分布,比贯入阻力Ps,室内固结快剪试验黏聚力cu和摩擦角?u,孔隙比e,塑性指数Ip沿土层深度的变化,分析得到3种土类的抗剪强度与比贯入阻力的相关关系,并总结了国内软土地区土体抗剪强度与静力触探比贯入阻力之间的相关关系。本文得到黏土的相关关系与以往的经验公式相近,同时给出了原位土层粉质黏土和粉砂的相关关系。区别不同土类使得相关关系可用性提高,在工程应用中更加合理。根据本文相关关系,通过静力触探比贯入阻力可以得到不同土层的抗剪强度值,进而应用于基坑稳定计算。本文研究的结果可以应用于海相沉积土的勘察和工程设计工作。     

静力触探实验数据库的建立及土体参数相关性分析

静力触探实验以其连续性、重现性好及可靠性高等优点在现场实验中得到广泛的应用,但目前国内外对于其实验数据的数字化管理及其相关性分析方面的研究仍然较少。借助VBA语言对Excel进行二次开发,建立了静力触探实验数据库。该数据库不但具有信息量大、操作简单、代码开放等特点,而且具有随着库中数据量的丰富,其分析结果可靠性越高的优点。并且以该库中的上海地区18个工程项目的岩土工程勘察的实验数据为基础,分别对静力触探实验比贯入阻力B与土的压缩模量B、固结快剪指标（Ccq、φcq）、以及三轴固结不排水指标（Ccu、φcu）做了相关性分析,得到三组关系式。对这几组关系式的显著性检验的结果表明相关性很好,可为地层条件与上海地区类似的工程设计作为参考依据。     

冻结砂土的强度特性

本主要阐述在一定的加荷速率下，围压和温度对冻结兰州砂土应力－应变特性的影响。试验表明，围压的增大或温度的升高明显增强了冻结砂土的塑性及应变硬化性能。随着围压的增大，冻结砂土的极限偏应力强度和轴向破坏应变增大，随着温度的降低，极限偏应力强度增加，而轴向破坏应变减小，但是当围压为零时，轴向破坏应变不随温度变化，当平均法向应力σ≤６ＭＰａ时，冻结砂土抗剪强度近似服从库仓定律，此时粘聚力和内摩擦角随温度     

A New Computer Program for Pile Capacity Prediction using CPT Data

An interactive computer program “GLAMCPT” is developed for application in soil profiling and prediction of pile load capacity using cone penetration test (CPT) and laboratory soil test results. GLAMCPT calculates pile capacity according to 10 selected methods from European design codes, refereed international publications and recommendations of professional institutions. To demonstrate the capabilities of the program, a database of comprehensive ground investigation and full-scale pile tests in sand, at a Belgian site, is analysed using GLAMCPT. The database comprises 11 static tests and 12 dynamic tests on piles of different construction techniques, including driven pre-cast concrete piles and screwed cast in-situ piles, installed using 5 different procedures. Prior to pile installation, CPTs were carried out at each proposed pile location. Comparison of GLAMCPT predictions with the observed pile capacities reveals that the most accurate of the existing methods yields an average, μ, of predicted to observed pile head capacity [P_uh(p)/P_uh(m)] equal to 0.94. The most consistent method produces a coeffcient of variation (COV) of [P_uh(p)/P_uh(m)] equal to 0.1 and ranking index (RI) of 0.08. Parametric studies have been carried out using GLAMCPT to formulate an improved predictive method, which yielded: μ = 0.99, COV = 0.07 and RI = 0.04.     

Soil void ratio correlation with shear wave velocities and SPT N values for Indo-Gangetic basin

In this study attempt has been made to understand in-situ void ratio in Indo-Gangetic basin (IGB) and to form empirical relations between void ratio and shear wave velocity (V_s), N values considering subsoil investigation data. Multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) test and standard penetration test was carried out along with soil property measured at 25 locations. The general soil profile varied from silty sand to clay of low compressibility, ground water level fluctuated between 1-27 m, depth of borehole varied from 20-40 m. Regression analysis was conducted on 202 data sets of void ratio and shear wave velocity, 293 data sets of void ratio and SPT- N value, which resulted in inverse correlations between void ratio and V_s, SPT N value. The datas were segregated into fine, coarse grained data based on engineering classification and relations were developed separately. Until now, no studies have related in-situ void ratio to V_s and SPT N. These correlations will be useful to predict void ratio for sites having measured values of V_s and N value. These void ratios can be further used to assess liquefaction susceptibility.     

Modeling of SPT Seismic Liquefaction Data Using Minimax Probability Machine

The determination of seismic liquefaction potential of soil is an important task in geotechnical engineering. This article uses Minimax Probability Machine (MPM) for determination of seismic liquefaction potential of soil based on Standard Penetration Test value (N). MPM is developed based on the use of hyperplanes. It is a discriminant classifier. This study uses MPM as a classification tool. MPM uses the database collected from Chi–Chi earthquake. Two models (MODEL I and MODEL II) have been developed. MODEL I uses Cyclic Stress Ratio and N as input variables. Peck Ground Acceleration and N have been adopted as inputs for MODEL II. The performance of MODEL I and MODEL II are 97.67 and 96.51 % respectively. The performance of MODEL II is 94.11 % for the global data. The developed MPM shows good generalization capability. The results show that the developed MPM has ability for determination of seismic liquefaction potential of soil.     

坦桑尼亚姆贝亚Sangambi地区土壤地球化学特征

坦桑尼亚的Sangambi地区位于姆贝亚的东北部、卢帕金矿田的东部。通过1∶10 000土壤地球化学测量,圈定了6个Au,Cu,Cr,Ni元素的组合异常,其中ZH-1和ZH-6组合异常与金、铜的矿化关系密切,而ZH-3和ZH-4组合异常与铬、镍(铜)矿化有一定关系。在片麻状花岗岩、细晶闪长岩和花岗闪长岩中发育大量NW向的韧性剪切带和断裂构造,其中的石英脉中经常见有黄铁矿、黄铜矿和金的矿化,刻槽取样最高品位w(Au)=11.5×10-6。土壤测量的结果证实,在卢帕金矿田的东部依然存在金成矿的潜力。     

Correlation of Pile Axial Capacity and CPT Data Using Gene Expression Programming

Numerous methods have been proposed to assess the axial capacity of pile foundations. Most of the methods have limitations and therefore cannot provide consistent and accurate evaluation of pile capacity. However, in many situations, the methods that correlate cone penetration test (CPT) data and pile capacity have shown to provide better results, because the CPT results provide more reliable soil properties. In an attempt to obtain more accurate correlation of CPT data with axial pile capacity, gene expression programming (GEP) technique is used in this study. The GEP is a relatively new artificial intelligent computational technique that has been recently used with success in the field of engineering. Three GEP models have been developed, one for bored piles and two other models for driven piles (a model for each of concrete and steel piles). The data used for developing the GEP models are collected from the literature and comprise a total of 50 bored pile load tests and 58 driven pile load tests (28 concrete pile load tests and 30 steel pile load tests) as well as CPT data. For each GEP model, the data are divided into a training set for model calibration and an independent validation set for model verification. The performances of the GEP models are evaluated by comparing their results with experimental data and the robustness of each model is investigated via sensitivity analyses. The performances of the GEP models are evaluated further by comparing their results with the results of number of currently used CPT-based methods. Statistical analyses are used for the comparison. The results indicate that the GEP models are robust and perform well.     

坦桑尼亚某矿区土壤地球化学特征与找矿远景分析

坦桑尼亚姆潘达地区矿产资源丰富,但地质工作程度较低。PL5141-1矿区内岩浆活动频繁、强烈,断裂构造发育,地表发现铬铁矿(化)点、钒钛磁铁矿点、铁锰矿化点、金矿化点、铜矿化点。该地区1∶50 000土壤地球化学分析数据显示Au、Cu、Cr异常明显,经过综合研究分析,认为该区具有寻找蚀变岩型和石英脉型Au、Cu矿体和铬铁矿的潜力。     

覆盖与衬垫对沙地土壤水分影响的初步研究

通过对陕北毛乌素沙地不同农业措施土壤水分的观测分析,揭示出沙区土壤水分受补(灌)水量与农业措施如地下衬垫与地表覆盖的双重影响与控制,地下衬膜和地表覆膜抑渗、抑蒸保墒效应促进了土壤--作物--大气连续体系中水分有效循环,增加了耕层土壤贮水量,加大植物可利用的土层水分,从而使苜蓿增产,并可节水32%～40%,为沙区推广地下衬垫(膜)与地表覆盖(膜)节水技术提供科学依据.     

Evaluation of Methods Used for Reducing Heavy Metal Leaching from Sandy Soil

Excessive heavy metal content in sandy soils poses risk to human health and the environment. The rapid expansion of urban areas makes it imperative to manage contaminated sites so that land can be reclaimed for beneficial purposes. Several methods have been proposed to control the leaching of heavy metals from contaminated soils. In this study, four techniques for mobilization and immobilization of metals in sandy soil were compared. The assessed mobilization techniques included chemical extraction using aqueous solutions of acids and chelating agents as well as biochemical extraction using sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms. The evaluated immobilization techniques included lime-cement-pozzolan stabilization and natural-zeolite stabilization. The immobilization techniques do not involve removing metals from soil and instead focus on addition of substances to the soil that alter its composition, volume, and properties. On the other hand, mobilization techniques entail the removal of metals from soil and changes in the soil properties. The findings confirmed that both mobilization and immobilization are effective in controlling the leaching of metals from sandy soils and thereby minimize the risk to the environment and human health. However, the appropriate technique for application at a given site should be chosen on a case-by-case basis, while accounting for the economic and technical feasibility, the necessary level of cleanup, and effect of residual metals on human health and the environment.     

Behaviour of Instrumented Hollow Auger Pile Groups in Sandy Soil

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Hollow auger piles are a new solution technique being used more often in recent years as a foundation for buildings of 15 floors or less in the coastal...     

Liquefaction Resistance and Cyclic Response of Air Injected-Desaturated Sandy Soil

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Desaturation of in-situ saturated sandy soils is emerging as a new cost effective and environment friendly liquefaction mitigation technique. In the...     

碎石桩处理砂性土和粘性土的机理探讨

在对江苏省徐宿高速公路碎石桩施工质量的检测中,利用现场检测得到的第一手资料,结合室内土工试验及文献资料,探讨碎石桩处理砂性土和粘性土的机理.     

砂土颗粒形状的傅里叶描述符自动生成

颗粒形状是影响砂土密实度、力学与渗流等特性的主要因素之一。傅里叶描述法是一种有效表征颗粒形状的数学方 法。基于傅里叶系数与颗粒平均半径定义傅里叶描述符Dn。采用傅里叶描述符D2,D3,D8以及D3与D8对数线性组合的简化 算法可自动生成复杂的砂土颗粒形状。颗粒形状由傅里叶描述符Dn与相位角δn序列共同控制。分析了傅里叶描述符D2、 D3、D8与颗粒几何参数间的相关性,结果表明,长宽比a与D2正相关,圆形度C 与D2,D8负相关,磨圆度R与D8强负相 关,球形度S与D2,D3之间均呈现显著负相关,规则度Re与D8呈负相关性,且在D8=0时与D3之间呈强负相关性。以显微CT 扫描南京粉砂断层序列二值图像中典型颗粒为样本,基于Pearson相关性准则,计算了重构颗粒与实际颗粒轮廓相似性,相 关系数大于0.94,表明算法具有较高的表征精度。算法可用于二维数值模拟中实际砂土颗粒的批量自动生成。     

冻结砂土的损伤试验研究

任何数值的荷载,都会导致冻土内部冰体塑性流动和冰晶体在土体内的重新定向,以及土颗粒的重新排列.这几方面的因素会使冻土产生微结构的损伤,同时表现出明显的各向异性.基于损伤力学理论,推导出冻土的各向异性损伤变量的表达式,利用-6 ℃冻结砂土的常规三轴试验数据,获得损伤变量的变化曲线.结果表明:损伤变量随应变的增大而增大,呈现出双曲线的变化规律;径向损伤大于轴向损伤;围压有助于冻土结构的强化,减少冻土结构的损伤量.这些规律为利用损伤力学理论建立冻土的损伤本构关系提供了依据.     

土钉支护技术在松散砂土基坑中的应用

以某松散砂土基坑为例，介绍了土钉支护技术在此类基坑中的应用特点，并对设计与施工中存在的有关问题进行了探讨。     

Numerical ANFIS-Based Formulation for Prediction of the Ultimate Axial Load Bearing Capacity of Piles Through CPT Data

This study explores the potential of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) for prediction of the ultimate axial load bearing capacity of piles (P_u) using cone penetration test (CPT) data. In this regard, a reliable previously published database composed of 108 datasets was selected to develop ANFIS models. The collected database contains information regarding pile geometry, material, installation, full-scale static pile load test and CPT results for each sample. Reviewing the literature, several common and uncommon variables have been considered for direct or indirect estimation of P_u based on static pile load test, cone penetration test data or other in situ or laboratory testing methods. In present study, the pile shaft and tip area, the average cone tip resistance along the embedded length of the pile, the average cone tip resistance over influence zone and the average sleeve friction along the embedded length of the pile which are obtained from CPT data are considered as independent input variables where the output variable is P_u for the ANFIS model development. Besides, a notable criticism about ANFIS as a prediction tool is that it does not provide practical prediction equations. To tackle this issue, the obtained optimal ANFIS model is represented as a tractable equation which can be used via spread sheet software or hand calculations to provide precise predictions of P_u with the calculated correlation coefficient of 0.96 between predicted and experimental values for all of the data in this study. Considering several criteria, it is represented that the proposed model is able to estimate the output with a high degree of accuracy as compared to those results obtained by some direct CPT-based methods in the literature. Furthermore, in order to assess the capability of the proposed model from geotechnical engineering viewpoints, sensitivity and parametric analyses are done.     

高围压下冻结砂土的强度特性

在高围压条件下，对冻结兰州砂土在不同温度和不同应变速度下进行三轴压缩试验，试验结果表明，围压的增大和应变速度的减小明显增强了冻土的塑性性能；同时，随围压的增大，冻土的抗剪强度增加，但随围压的进一步增加，它出现降低的趋势，存在一个临界 围压，此临界围压值随温度的变化而变化，但不随应变速率而变化。