南海巽他陆坡晚更新世以来的微体化石和古环境

柱状样 182 88- 2采自于南海南部巽他陆坡 (5°4 4′N、 110°4 4′E,水深 788m ,柱长 6 .8m ) ,通过与邻近柱状样同位素的对比 ,其揭示了末次冰盛期以来的沉积。柱状样中指示水深较大的介形类和浮游有孔虫丰度自下而上呈现明显增加的趋势 ,而指示水深较浅的介形类丰度及介形虫 /浮游有孔虫比值和底栖有孔虫在有孔虫全群中的丰度都呈下降趋势 ,反映了研究区末次冰盛期以来海面上升和海水加深的过程。这两类的变化在 YD至全新世早期最为显著 ,与该时期海面快速上升造成的环境急剧变化相对应。异地介形虫广见于末次冰期和全新世早期的沉积中 ,反映冰期低海面和冰后期海侵初期频繁发生源于陆架的顺坡搬运。依据末次冰期沉积中含较多的底栖有孔虫 Uvigerina和 Bulimina、介形虫 Polycope和 Cytherella,及底栖有孔虫 U.peregrina较低的δ1 3C,推测冰期低海面时底层水状况为低氧和高营养 ,在冰盛期尤为发育     

白垩纪-第三纪分界期前的全球环境变化

白垩纪－第三纪分界期前的全球环境变化Ｅ．Ｂａｒｒｅｒａ大洋钻探计划６９０（６５°１０′Ｓ，１°１２′Ｅ）、７５０（５９°３６′Ｓ，８１°１４′Ｅ）和７６１（１６°４４′Ｓ，１１５°３２′Ｅ）钻位的有孔虫样品的δ￣（１３）Ｏ、δ￣（１３）Ｃ和￣（８７）...     

K－T界线生物灭绝：地质史上的瞬时事件，还是渐变事件？

Ｋ－Ｔ界线生物灭绝：地质史上的瞬时事件，还是渐变事件？Ｒ．Ｃｏｃｃｉｏｎｉ等笔者在西班牙东南部卡拉瓦卡剖面（北纬３８°０４′３５″，西经１°５２′４０″）对底栖有孔虫记录进行了高分辨率分析。该剖面是Ｋ－Ｔ界线记录最完整的６个陆上剖面之一，成为解释Ｋ－...     

挪威——格陵兰海晚第四纪有孔虫响应海冰消退的高分辨率记录

挪威—格陵兰海晚第四纪有孔虫响应海冰消退的高分辨率记录ＳｔｅｆａｎＮｅｅｓ等深海底栖有孔虫的丰度依赖于垂向和侧向有机质营养物的输入（Ｇｒａｆ等，１９９５）。现代研究表明，底栖有孔虫的丰度和生物量与垂向和侧向有机物通量有关（Ｌｏｕ－ｂｅｒｅ，１９９６）...     

太平洋东北部水合物脊现代甲烷渗漏区有孔虫记录甲烷的碳同位素证据

俄勒冈州外海水合物脊现代甲烷渗漏区的发现,为研究甲烷对活体有孔虫生态和地球化学方面的影响提供了机会。2002年在水合物脊南部高点获取一批岩心。样品经保存和染色后用来测定Uvigerina peregrina、Cibicidoidesmckannai和Globobuliminaauriculata3个底栖有孔虫属种的活体（经染色）和死体的碳同位素（δ13C）组成。有孔虫样经光学显微镜和扫描电镜检查,未发现有成岩作用或自生碳酸盐沉淀作用的迹象。渗漏区活底栖有孔虫单体记录的乎δ13C值在-0．4％--21．2％0之间,说明受高浓度甲烷碳同位素的影响。渗漏区底栖有孔虫护C平均值（由单体样品计算）范围在-1．28％--5．64％0之间,而背景区（没有甲烷渗漏）的介于-0．81％--0．85％之间。为了解环境因素对底栖有孔虫δ13C值的影响,对细菌席和蛤床两种截然不同的甲烷渗漏环境的底栖有孔虫进行研究。细菌席区的有孔虫单体比蛤床区的具有更负的δ13C值。我们解释这种差异是食物来源或共生细菌对底栖有孔虫δ13C值影响的结果,通过溶解无机碳（DIC）作用于底栖有孔虫,使其δ13C值负偏移。对比活体和死体底栖有孔虫的δ13C值,并未发现统计上的差异。这说明自生碳酸盐沉淀作用未在观测到的同位素组成中起主导作用。然而,少量极度亏损δ13C（〈-12％）的死体底栖有孔虫确实显示了自生碳酸盐岩沉积对有孔虫δ13C值影响的潜在证据。     

中－晚第四纪东太平洋隆起区（南纬21°）古海洋条件

中－晚第四纪东太平洋隆起区（南纬２１°）古海洋条件Ｅ．Ｂ．等本文根据微古和氧同位素资料对东太平洋海隆２１°区中－上第四系含金属碳酸盐沉积物进行了详细的气候地层划分，计算了平均沉积速率，恢复了表层水温的变化；并根据最敏感的指示剂——有孔虫碎屑含量计算了...     

赤道非洲（布隆迪）高地泥炭沼泽的￣（13）C值与晚第四纪生物群体的变化

赤道非洲（布隆迪）高地泥炭沼泽的￣（１３）Ｃ值与晚第四纪生物群体的变化Ａ，Ｍ．Ａｕｃｏｕｒ等卡希如（Ｋａｓｈｉｒｕ）泥炭沼泽（３°２８′Ｓ，２９°３４′Ｅ，海拨２２４０ｍ）是布隆迪高地４ｋｍ￣２汇水区域内一个０．５ｋｍ￣２的小洼地，汇水区域的最大海拨...     

冲绳海槽南部两万年来碳酸盐溶跃面的变迁

对冲绳海槽南部表层沉积和晚第四纪沉积柱状样中百余个样品进行了浮游及底栖有孔虫、翼足类等微体化石定量分析。通过表层沉积样品中底栖有孔虫占有孔虫全群比例、底栖有孔虫群中胶结质壳比例、浮游有孔虫碎壳率和浮游及底栖有孔虫丰度等多种标志的水深变化,确定冲绳海槽现代的碳酸盐溶跃面位于水深１５００～１６００ｍ处。进而,在高分辨率地层学基础上,检验这些指示溶解作用的标志和翼足类丰度等在柱状样中的变化,结果发现末次冰期冲绳海槽碳酸盐溶解作用显著减弱,碳酸盐溶跃面和文石补偿深度急剧变深;至冰后期碳酸盐溶解作用又急剧增强,溶跃面和文石补偿深度又变浅至与现代相当的位置。这些变化与南海等西太平洋其他海区的特征相一致。     

南沙群岛海区有机碳沉积作用与古生产力估算

根据南沙群岛海区５个沉积柱样和大量表层样的分析资料讨论了有机碳的沉积作用。深海有机碳含量一般为０．２％－１．３％。水柱深度对其分布的控制作用不明显。分析结果发现冰期、间冰期，尤其是本次冰期有机碳含量变化明显，４个柱样晚第四纪的质量堆积速率在末次冰期时最大。有机碳保存的主要控制因素是溶解氧浓度、粘土矿物含量、水柱深度和底栖混合强度，其中溶解氧浓度是最重要因素。底栖有孔虫的相对丰度，如Ｕｖｉｇｅｒｉｎａ和Ｂｕｌｉｍｉ－ｎａ，可用来指示溶解氧和有机碳含量。有机碳含量与海洋生产力关系极为密切，它可用来重建海洋古生产力的长期变化。采用Ｍｌｌｅｒ和Ｓｕｅｓｓ方程以及Ｓａｒｎｔｈｅｉｎ方程的计算结果与目前生产力值结果比较表明，后一种方法因充分考虑了溶解氧浓度和水柱深度而更接近现代值。     

过去21Ma以来大洋表面pH值的替代物——有孔虫中的硼同位素

过去２１Ｍａ以来大洋表面ｐＨ值的替代物──有孔虫中的硼同位素Ａ．Ｊ．Ｓｐｉｖａｃｋ等在ＯＤＰ８０３Ｄ孔（２°２５．９８′Ｎ，１６０°３２．４６′Ｅ；水深３４１０ｍ）中分离出了孔隙水和有孔虫样品。该孔从顶部至２２０ｍ处主要由９９％以上的生源沉积物与碳酸...     

台湾海峡表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布特征

调查及综合研究了台湾海峡表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫的分布特征,调查海区根据优势种类组成可以划分出１０个底栖有孔虫动物群,其经峡东侧所划分的６个义栖有孔虫生物相有机相连。动物群的分布与现代海洋环境有密切关系,从而对台湾海峡的古地理环境研究提供了依据。     

Holocene and Pleistocene dissolution cycles in deep-sea cores of Baffin Bay and Davis Strait: Palaeoceano-graphic implications

Calcium-carbonate dissolution has been studied in several grab samples and piston cores from Baffin Bay and Davis Strait ranging in water depth from 200 to 2300 m. The intensity of dissolution was determined from examining: (1) the ratio of arenaceous to calcareous benthonic foraminifera; (2) the ratio of benthonic to planktonic foraminifera; (3) the relationships between the dissolution-susceptible and dissolution-resistant foraminifera; (4) the degree of foraminiferal test fragmentation; and (5) the relationships between plankton tows and the fauna in the surface sediments. All core tops and grab samples from Baffin Bay surface sediments below 600–900 m water depth demonstrated intense dissolution of calcium carbonate. Sediments below 900 m were biogenic carbonate free, indicating 100% foraminiferal loss due to dissolution. Possible causes of substantial undersaturation in calcium carbonate of Baffin Bay Bottom Water are very low temperatures, and higher concentrations of carbon dioxide. All cores also demonstrated intense dissolution during interglacial or interstadial isotope stages 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. Similarities in planktonic foraminiferal assemblages suggested the presence of similar bottom-water masses during these periods. The preservation state of biogenic carbonate debris in glacial isotope stages 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 is similar to the assemblage found in the water at present.     

Late pleistocene-holocene ostracod assemblages of the Northern Caspian Sea shelf

Analysis of the ostracod assemblages and the distribution of benthic foraminifera Ammonia beccarii in the core section GS 194-08-1 recovered at a depth of 7.5 m near the Volga delta front showed changes in environmental conditions in response to sea-level fluctuations. The pre-Novocaspian ostracod assemblage reflects the conditions that were dominant during the Late Khvalynian transgression, with a depth of about 20–30 m, and a salinity range of 12–13‰. The Early Novocaspian sediments contain an ostracod assemblage that represents a deeper water environment compared to the present, with an inferred depth of 12–16 m. The faunas from the younger Novocaspian sediments with abundant monospecific populations of Cyprideis torosa and co-occurring benthic foraminifera Ammonia beccarii represent modern-like environmental conditions.     

Planktonic foraminiferal flux to the deep ocean: Sediment trap results from the tropical Atlantic and the central Pacific

The flux of planktonic foraminifera between 100 μm and 1 mm to the seafloor has been estimated for the central Pacific (abyssal plain east of Hawaii) and the tropical Atlantic (Demerara Abyssal Plain) based on sediment trap samples collected from various water depths. The faunas in each region are quite similar, with 4 to 5 species generally accounting for 70–80% of the total assemblage.

At both study sites, the total foraminiferal flux and the carbonate flux tend to decrease with depth. In addition, the flux of individual species of planktonic foraminifera varies significantly with depth, with the number of small, solution-susceptible species decreasing with increasing water depth. These results suggest that there is significant dissolution of small (< 150 μm) foraminifera as they settle through the water column. Material collected from the sediment-water interface directly below the Pacific sediment trap array contains no planktonic foraminifera, suggesting that the residence time of an individual on the seafloor before it dissolves, is extremely short.     

Vertical distribution of living mangrove foraminifera from KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

Modern foraminiferal assemblage zones can be used to reconstruct palaeo sea levels when applied to fossil foraminifera down a sediment core. Previous intertidal foraminiferal studies have predominantly focused on assemblages in surface sediments (0–1 cm), with the rationale that surface assemblages reflect the modern-day environment. Foraminifera live infaunally and therefore there is a need to document the infaunal vertical distribution of living foraminifera to fully capture the modern environment. Infaunal foraminiferal populations may compositionally differ from or be similar to those in the uppermost 1 cm of a core sample, but abundance is variable vertically, making it very complex to reconstruct and interpret past sea levels. This can have implications for the choice of assemblages to use as modern analogues for past sea-level reconstructions. This study documents the vertical infaunal distribution of living foraminifera, to allow for more informed interpretations of palaeo-reconstructions in mangrove environments. The down-core vertical distribution and abundance of living foraminifera, along with grain size and organic content, were documented using sediment cores along an elevational transect. Nine taxa were recorded as living at the time of collection, six of which were restricted to the top 4 cm. The majority of these were calcareous and found in the cores situated closer to the intertidal channel. Therefore, we argue that the diversity of living calcareous and agglutinated foraminifera could be restricted by grain size, with coarser grain sizes associated with lower species diversity. The findings suggest that foraminiferal species inhabiting the top 4 cm represent deeper living foraminiferal populations. Therefore, the top 4-cm interval can be used to establish a modern training set upon which reconstructions can be based. The findings from this study will provide guidance on the use of South African mangrove environments for future sea-level reconstructions.     

Ostracod-Based Paleoreconstructions on the Northern Caspian Sea Shelf during the Holocene

Here we present the results of lithological and microfossil (Ostracoda and Foraminifera) analyses and reconstruct the transgressive–regressive changes on the Northern Caspian Sea shelf during the Holocene. Modern and Novocaspian faunas consist of abundant Ostracoda (Cyprideis torosa) and Foraminifera (Ammonia beccarii), which are characteristic of dynamic shallow water conditions. Novocaspian sediments in core profiles GS 194-08-01 and GS 194-08-14 obtained at water depths of 7.5 and 10.3 m, respectively, were deposited in shallower and fresher water environments compared to modern ones. We distinguished Mangyshlak, Novocaspian, and modern sediments in the studied cores from the Northern Caspian shelf. The age of the boundary between Mangyshlak and Novocaspian sediments in the study area correspond to approximately 10550 years BP.     

Benthonic foraminifera as indicators of intertidal environments

Recent benthonic foraminifera respond to even minor changes in environmental conditions. On the basis of statistical analyses of both foraminiferal population and bottom sediments, a new morphological terminology for the Lagoon of Venice is presented.The various geomorphic units are here differentiated on the basis of the relative occurrence of subpopulations that respond to local physicochemical and biological parameters. This reduces the need to evaluate the tolerance limits of each individual species, necessary to identify environments in terms of species or groups of species.     

Importance of the mediterranean seas of the arid zones for faunagenesis in the deep Ocean

The vertical distribution of 134 species of benthonic decapod crustaceans in the Atlantic and Indopacific Oceans has been studied. The distribution of the decapods of Mediterranean origin within the Intermediate Water Masses (IWM) and outside of IWM in each ocean has been compared. The East Atlantic and North Indian IWMs are characterized by positive temperature anomalies. They characterize 77% of the studied species of decapods from the Atlantic and 58% of the decapods from the Indian Ocean. The average magnitude of the sinking is 441 m for the Atlantic and 306 m for the Indian Ocean. The warming effect of the IWM can explain the sinking of the uppermost habitation limit for 8 out of 13 low-bathyal species in both oceans. It is 390 m on average. It is assumed that the wide vertical migration of faunas in the past might have been caused by the level of arid climate and brine outflow from the Mediterranean seas. Therefore, the traditional names of the modern faunas, as the shallow-water and deep-water ones characterized by their habitation depth, must be revised, and the same species can be considered either shallow- or deep-water taking into account the scale of the IWM. The lability of the vertical distribution limits in the conditions of the arid paleoclimates could be important for the faunogenesis in the deep sea.     

福建漳浦前湖湾有孔虫群落及其沉积环境

对福建漳浦前湖湾潮间带两个钻孔岩心和表层沉积物中的有孔虫进行分析研究,有孔虫出现在钻孔最上部厚约2.46-2.96m的砂层中.根据群落优势种生态和非种特征判断,该段各样品有孔虫沉积环境均为近岸浅水环境,尽管其间海面有过3次上下波动变化.根据地层关系判断,其当为现代的产物.     

底栖有孔虫对厦门筼筜湖污染的监测作用

1992年11月至1993年8月对厦门湖及厦门西港部分海域底栖有孔虫及相关的环境化学要素进行了4个季度月的调查，发现湖的底栖有孔虫可分为三个群落，即正常群落、半污染群落和污染群落，分别代表了湖内不同污染程度环境，同时发现了底栖有孔虫的耐得种类和对污染敏感种类，它们具有指示环境的意义。