Tomography for Q of the Eastern Section of the Tianshan Area from High-frequency Attenuation of S-wave

Based on the waveform data of 5,076 local earthquakes recorded at 25 stations in Xinjiang during the period from 2009 to 2014 and the observation reports provided by the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network,a data set of 19,140 attenuation factors t*is obtained by fitting the high-frequency attenuation of S-wave spectra with a genetic algorithm. The spatial distribution of Q_S is determined by inverting the t*data with seismic tomography. The results show that the average Q0 in eastern Tianshan is 520,and there is a significant correlation between the Q_S value distribution or attenuation characteristics it disclosed and the surface structure of the study area. The Q_S value is lower in the intersection area of the mountain basin which is located on the north and south sides of the Tianshan Mountains,and the high Q_S distribution is more concentrated inside the Tianshan orogenic belt. The M≥6. 0 earthquakes have been basically located in the Low-Q_S region since 1900. 24 high heat flow points in eastern Tianshan are located at the north and south of Tianshan Mountains where low Q_S exists,indicating a negative correlation. In addition,there is a positive correlation between the velocity structure and the attenuation structure in the study area,which reflects the consistency of the 2-D attenuation structure with the velocity structure and the two-dimensional density structure.     

Seismic Ground Motion Zoning Maps of the Pangxi Region

The seismotectonic environment and seismic activity in Southwest China region were studied based on new data and new results obtained during the Eighth and Ninth Five-Year Plans,the seismic areas and zones and potential seismic source zones were determined.and the relation between seismic activity parameters and ground motion attenuation was determined.Finally the seismic gound motion zoning maps of the Pangxi region was compiled by using the multi-parameter and multi-scheme method.     

S wave inelastic attenuation and site effect in the northern Tianshan area

In this paper,according to the relationship of observation spectrum with source spectrum,travel-path attenuationfactor and site effect,we use the digital seismic data of moderate-small earthquakes to invert the soft rock site ef-fect and S wave inelastic attenuation under the constraint of site effect,and determine the parameters of path andsite.The parameters obtained by this method exclude the topographic effect of seismic stations,and truly reflectthe seismic effect of free soft rock sites and the S wave inelastic attenuation in the studied region.The average softrock site effect is about 1.5 times in the frequency domain of 2～4 Hz and the S wave quality factor is obtained asQS=278 f0.346,which can be directly applied to the stochastic modeling of ground motions in the studied region.     

Macroseismic intensity attenuation in Iran

Macroseismic intensity data plays an important role in the process of seismic hazard analysis as well in developing of reliable earthquake loss models. This paper presents a physical-based model to predict macroseismic intensity attenuation based on 560 intensity data obtained in Iran in the time period 1975–2013. The geometric spreading and energy absorption of seismic waves have been considered in the proposed model. The proposed easy to implement relation describes the intensity simply as a function of moment magnitude, source to site distance and focal depth. The prediction capability of the proposed model is assessed by means of residuals analysis. Prediction results have been compared with those of other intensity prediction models for Italy, Turkey, Iran and central Asia. The results indicate the higher attenuation rate for the study area in distances less than 70 km.     

Study on Ground Motion Attenuation Relation in Shanghai and Its Adjacent Region

Based on intensity data in Shanghai and its adjacent region, the intensity attenuation relation is determined. Selecting the western United States as a reference area where there are rich strong ground motion records and intensity data, and by determining ground motion attenuation relation in an area lacking in strong ground motion data, we obtain the ground motion attenuation relation in Shanghai and its adjacent region.     

Study on the Attenuation Features of Earthquake Intensity in the Yunnan Region

This research on the attenuation features of intensity in the Yunnan region has been conducted by using intensity isoseismals of 127 earthquakes, and the following three conclusions have been put forward : ( 1 ) The average ratio value of long axis to short axis of innermost isoseismals in the Yunnan region is larger than that of eastern China and smaller than that of western China.The velocity of intensity attenuation varies in different directions; (2) The zoning feature of intensity attenuation in the Yunnan region is obvious; (3) In Northwest China and North China, the ratios of long axis to short axis of low-magnitude isoseismals are larger than those of high magnitude ones. Compared with that phenomenon, the ratios in the Yunnan region are more complicated. Finally, some relevant questions are discussed.     

Attenuation relations for horizontal peak ground acceleration and response spectrum in northeastern Tibetan Plateau region

Introduction Developing local attenuation relations of ground motion is one of the key steps in seismic hazard assessment. Because of inadequate strong ground motion records in China, the attenuation relations used in China are usually developed by using the transforming method (Hu, Zhang, 1983; HU, ZHANG, 1984). To use this method, we need to have both the attenuation relation of seismic intensity for the studied region and the attenuation relations of seismic intensity and ground mo-tion…     

Comparative study on the deviation characteristics of post-earthquake intensity evaluation based on two intensity attenuation relationship models

We collect the isoseismal data of 488 earthquakes in western China and 182 earthquakes in eastern China after 1900. The least square method is used to establish two models of the seismic intensity attenuation relationship partitions in China, based on the major and minor axis ellipse models, and the area and the major axis radius,respectively. The two models are applied to the calculation of the intensity circle of the earthquake events with a magnitude M_S≥5.0 from 2008 to 2019, and the actual intensity is compared with the model intensity value as an indicator to verify the consistency between the actual intensity and the value from the empirical statistical model.Three real earthquake results are selected to calculate the major and minor axis and area of the ellipse using the two intensity attenuation relationship models. After comparison, we summarize the deviation characteristics of the intensity value, and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions.     

The Study on the Strong Ground Motion Attenuation Relationship in the Pishan Area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Small earthquake data from the Pishan MS6.5 aftershocks is collected by the Xinjiang Regional Digital Seismic Observation Network.Five parameters of the focal region are obtained by micro genetic inversion:stress dropΔσof 75.95 bars,quality factor parameters Q0of 186.33 andηof 0.26,geometric attenuation parameters R1of 72.18km and R2of 139.70km.We calculate the Fourier spectrum and combine it with the random phase spectrum to get the ground motion time history,and build the strong motion acceleration attenuation relationship.The strong ground motion acceleration attenuation of the Pishan area is thus obtained.Because of the insufficiency of strong ground motion records,we added the records from the Wuqia MS6.9 earthquake on October 5,2008,the Akto MS6.2 earthquake on October 6,2008,and the Lop MS6.0 earthquake on March 9,2012 to the data.The comparison of the calculation results and the empirical attenuation relationships with strong ground motion records reveal that the strong motion data of Pishan and Lop earthquakes is higher than the empirical attenuation relationships.The Wuqia MS6.9 earthquake strong motion data is consistent with Yu Yanxiangs(2013)short axis result,and lower than the present result.     

Temporal and Spatial Images of Ambient Noise Intensity in the Chinese Mainland

Successive waveforms of the vertical component recorded by 888 broadband seismic stations in the China Seismography Network from January,2010 to June,2011 are used to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of ambient noise intensity,and the images of ambient noise intensity at the period of 10 s in the Chinese Mainland are obtained. The temporal variation of ambient noise intensity shows some seasonal and periodic characteristics. The maximum ambient noise intensity occurred from January,2011 to March,2011. The spatial distribution images of ambient noise intensity show obvious zoning features,which doesnt correlate with surface geology,suggesting that the noise field is stronger than the site factors. The strength in southeastern coastal areas reaches its maximum and generally decreases toward to inland areas,and arrives at the minimum in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The zonal intensity distribution is probably correlated with ocean tides from the Philippine Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It also shows that the influence from the Indian Ocean seems small. However, the ambient noise intensity increases to a certain degree in the Xinjiang area,indicating that the main source of ambient noise in the western area of the Chinese Mainland is not derived from the East and South China Sea,but rather from the deep interior of the Eurasian continent. The ambient noise intensity obtained in this study can supply reference for seismology research based on ambient noise correlation. Moreover,it can supply basic data for attenuation research based on ambient noise, and thus help achieve the object of retrieving the attenuation of Rayleigh waves from ambient noise.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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