Geography as the world discipline: connecting popular and academic geographical imaginations

This article addresses and connects two areas of controversy within contemporary geography: the parochialism of contemporary human geography and the gulf between university and non-university geography. It is argued that we can find the cause of the latter phenomenon in the origin of the former, namely in academic geography's unwillingness to re-imagine the 'global claim' that it has inherited from its imperial past. This difficulty has created the conditions for the representation of popular geography as intrinsically dated, as politically suspect and/or as mere 'traveller's tales'. It is suggested that geography cannot escape the burden of its global claim. Rather it needs to critically engage this formerly imperial paradigm and, in so doing, re-ignite geography's role in public debate and as public knowledge.     

Political geography in Norway: Current state and future prospects

The article provides a brief review of the current state and future prospects of political geography in Norway. Although political geography has been revitalised internationally, it has a relatively short history and weak institutional basis in Norway. There are, however, notable exceptions both within and outside the discipline. The main part of the article reviews recent research within political geography at the University of Olso, emphasising the shared focus on contextualised politics of representation, especially in the Global South. This thematic and geographical orientation gives Norwegian political geography a distinct character that also frames the prospects for further development and contribution to international political geography.     

Bridging the Qualitative–Quantitative Divide in Transport Geography∗

Recent viewpoints concerning the state of research in transport geography have touched on the issue of insularity and the need to bridge the divide between the largely spatial–analytical or quantitative research in transport geography and the critical or qualitative research prevalent in urban, economic, and most other subfields of human geography. Transport geography has been criticized by some for being a quiet corner of our discipline that has lost its centrality largely because it remains within the analytical framework of the 1960s. This article explores these sentiments by reexamining recent transport-oriented research in highly cited geography journals to assess the degree to which the qualitative–quantitative divide exists within transport geography and between transport and other subfield in human geography, as well as to explore issues of productivity and centrality of transport-oriented research in geography. Results indicate that geographical research involving transport topics is much more prevalent and reflects a wider range of epistemological and methodological approaches than is frequently assumed. Nevertheless, there is still a considerable divide between “mainstream” transport geography and other human geographical research that necessitates much more interaction between transport and other subfields and greater incorporation of alternative research approaches within the mainstream of transport geography. To that end, we propose a preliminary critical transport geography research agenda that is open to a variety of methodological approaches, including quantitative analysis.     

浅析话语分析方法在地缘环境解析中的应用

话语分析（Discourse Analysis）是一种在社会科学中广泛应用的研究方法。文章主要探讨了话语分析在地缘环境解析中的应用现状和前景。首先,对话语分析涉及的概念、理论和路径进行了辨析,展示了话语分析在人文地理学研究中的案例,重点关注了话语分析在地缘环境解析中的应用。其次,对比了地缘环境解析中的其他常用方法,加深对话语分析方法特点的了解,同时讨论了话语分析在未来地缘环境解析中运用的其他可能。最后,结合当下地理学研究方法不断创新的大背景,讨论了话语分析作为一种相对比较传统的研究方法在地缘政治学,或广泛一点,人文地理学中所扮演的角色和作用。     

转向企划—活动系统研究的时间地理学

全生态综合世界观和人地互动过程与复杂性的系统研究是时间地理学理论体系构建的核心,也是行为地理学关于空间—行为互动理论构建的关键问题。企划和活动的地方秩序嵌套是新时间地理学的最新发展。论文围绕企划—活动系统及其变化、企划交织下的活动系统与社会互动、企划实现过程中活动的地方秩序构建等3个方面对时间地理学理论发展和研究前沿进行综述,系统梳理时间地理学在交通出行、城市与区域规划、地理学、康复医疗与健康、资源能源利用等领域的跨学科应用。未来呼吁更多学者关注时间地理学,积极开展跨学科应用和时间地理学创新应用的国际比较研究,将时间地理学的最新研究进展与中国城市发展的现实问题相结合,创新并发展中国城市研究的行为范式,丰富和完善中国城市的空间—行为互动理论,为中国城市的高质量发展做出贡献。     

有关区域地理学若干问題的初探

区域地理学在地理学史上长期居重要地位,但是五十年代以后一度衰落.区域性和综合性是地理学的两个特点.区域地理学综合研究赋予区域某种同一性和独特性的相互联系的地理要素.实践中有大量综合性课题涉及区域地理问题,区域地理学应该重新得到重视. 旧的区域地理学已不适应当前形势的要求,应当在现代科学的基础上改造区域地理学.必须(1)坚持区域观点和综合观点;(2)以人地关系作为研究核心;(3)以论题研究为主要形式;(4)应用计量方法,建立多种模式,进行系统分析.充分利用先进的技术手段和科学的方法,以促进区域地理研究工作的现代化.     

Understanding the Science and Art of Ecoregionalization

Although the need for unique spatial entities—regions—is generally agreed on within the discipline of geography, the philosophy and practice of regionalization—the process of identifying and demarcating regions and their borders—is still subject to great debate. To some, regionalization is a strict science, subject to demands for rigorous, rational, and replicable rules that make the process as objective and deductive as possible; to others, it is a subjective art that requires perspicacity, perseverance, and cultivation of inductive skills. This commentary reviews the concepts and uses of ecoregions and the process of ecoregionalization to illustrate and illuminate rich and varied traditions and philosophies within the discipline of geography.     

行为地理学的学科特色与拓展路径

行为地理学是人文地理学的一门重要的分支学科,因其独特的分析视角和对人地关系的深入阐释而在20世纪70年代快速发展。但是,目前缺少关于行为地理学学科框架的系统界定,对于行为地理学在人文地理学中的独特性和学科分工的讨论尚不够深入,这既不利于人文地理学其他子学科的研究者正确认识行为地理学研究的价值,也不利于行为地理学者之间凝聚共识、构建学术共同体。恰逢中国行为地理学专业委员会成立之际,论文尝试进一步厘清行为地理学的学科特色与定位,在回应当前行为地理学面临的一些学科属性和理论路径选择方面的困惑的基础上,指出行为地理学的一些拓展路径。行为地理学兼具研究对象和研究方法论的定位,其核心价值在于提供了理解人地关系的个体视角、主观视角和过程视角;未来行为地理学应该在坚持自身特色的基础上,立足尺度理论推动微观尺度研究与宏观尺度研究的对话整合,进一步拓展对行为的心理机制解释和相关因果机制的检验,并立足中国的地理背景加强中国行为地理学研究的原创性和应用价值。期待更多学者积极投身行为地理学研究之中,共同推动中国行为地理学的发展。     

Reflections on a White Discipline

Utilizing a partially autobiographical format, this article considers the practice and study of race within geography. I argue that the overwhelmingly white composition of the discipline has very real implications for both individual experiences and our intellectual production and disciplinary culture. I explore these issues by drawing on my own experiences as a Chicana within geography, and by examining the extent to which one area of research, environmental justice, has engaged questions of race and the consequences of that engagement. I conclude with some general remarks on what it might take to significantly diversify geography.     

Reflections on a White Discipline

Utilizing a partially autobiographical format, this article considers the practice and study of race within geography. I argue that the overwhelmingly white composition of the discipline has very real implications for both individual experiences and our intellectual production and disciplinary culture. I explore these issues by drawing on my own experiences as a Chicana within geography, and by examining the extent to which one area of research, environmental justice, has engaged questions of race and the consequences of that engagement. I conclude with some general remarks on what it might take to significantly diversify geography.     

Norwegian school geography and geographical education: A new research field?

Despite having a long-standing relationship, teacher education and geography in primary and secondary education in Norway has received little attention as a research field within academic geography until recently. The author asks: How has Norwegian school geography related to geography taught at universities? Where does research on school geography and geographical education stand today and where should it go from here? She examines the development of the role played by academic geographers in the field from the 1970s until the present. Some potential future venues for this emerging research field are suggested on the basis of an examination of what themes are current focal points for research and comparing them to what other countries consider essential in their teacher education.     

Another September

Abstract

A given discipline and the relationships contained within it are frequently portrayable in diagrammatic or schematic form. In geography, models have been contributed by Fenneman, Hartshorne, and Haggett. The model offered in this article may serve to convey ideas on organization and purpose in geography by showing basic elements and relationships.     

The RGS, exploration and Empire and the contested nature of surveying

In 1879, the RGS started courses in practical surveying based on the methods used by navigators. Subsequently, RGS courses, increasingly under the influence of former members of the Survey of India, changed in character. At the same time as the nature of appropriate surveying was being negotiated within the RGS, the debate over the academic nature of geography also took shape. The development of the 'new' geography reflected the conflicts within the RGS Council over the meaning of scientific geography.     

The Geography of Religious Affiliation in Scotland

Academic study of the relationships between geography and religion constitutes a long‐established subfield of cultural geography. The tradition is particularly strong in the United States where the seminal work of the Berkeley School stimulated a wealth of research on mapping the religious landscapes of North America. Religion has received far less attention within British human geography, due, in part, to the marginal position of religion within cultural geography and, in particular, to the absence of reliable, comprehensive data on religious affiliation. The present research overcomes these ideological and methodological obstacles to advance knowledge of the geography of religion in the United Kingdom. Employing data from the latest Census of Population, embedded within an established tradition of mapping geographies of religion, the research provides detailed analysis of the geography of religious affiliation in Scotland at the advent of the twenty‐first century.     

Spatial Thinking Concepts in Early Grade-Level Geography Standards

ABSTRACT

Research in the cognition and learning sciences has demonstrated that the human brain contains basic structures whose functions are to perform a variety of specific spatial reasoning tasks and that children are capable of learning basic spatial concepts at an early age. There has been a call from within geography to recognize research on spatial cognition in a meaningful way in primary school curriculum. This article utilizes the spatial thinking taxonomy proposed by Gersmehl and Gersmehl (2006) to examine to the extent to which spatial thinking concepts are being practiced in U.S. schools. The National Geography Standards and forty-nine state social studies or geography standards are examined. Using standards as a measure of geography content, it is concluded that while some of spatial thinking concepts appear often in curriculum, others are largely absent. Designing geography standards that address the findings of spatial cognition research may serve as a means of improving geography instruction.     

试论地理科学与持续发展

本文简述二十世纪以前传统地理学漫长的发展过程，并论及研究内涵、领域的演化。本世纪中叶以来，随着社会经济的发展与科学技术的进步，地理学不仅扩展了研究领域，且在理论、方法和技术上都取得了长足之进展。现代地理学逐渐成为一个分支众多的学科体系，地理学的研究领域正经历着横向扩展与纵向深化的新的过程，这种既有学科综合，又有学科分化的趋势，适应了现代科学发展的潮流。新理论、新方法和新技术的引入，极大地提高了地理学的系统分析与系统综合能力，从而相应地提高了地理科学体系的理论水平和应用能力。21世纪无疑地将为地理学的发展带来新的契机，地理环境的持续发展将成为研究重心。在第三次科学大综合浪潮推动下，改革传统的地理学结构，构建地理科学的新体系与方法论，对其科学价值与功能进行新审视，在理论和应用领域不断进取与开拓，才能释放这门学科所蕴蓄的科学力量。     

Landscape: a wasted legacy

Summary This paper explores the way in which the rehabilitation within geography of 'landscape' has been partial and unbalanced. Landscape history, arguably the most geographically relevant aspect of landscape study, has been marginalized–though it has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to flourish in an interdisciplinary context. It is argued that the neglect of landscape history is not in the best interests of geography, and that its reintegration would allow a more balanced perspective on landscape to be developed.     

创新地理学的批判性思考——基于中国情境的理论创新

本文在对西方创新地理学的产生逻辑和进展梳理的基础上,提出西方创新地理学置于新自由主义所驱动的“地方竞争”的发展背景下,过分强调地方的内生性特质对于地方竞争力的作用,在当前创新范式尺度上推的背景下面临理论重构的挑战。由此,本文试图从中国特色的社会主义内涵下的创新制度、跨空间尺度视角下的中国区域创新系统发展和全球经济重组格局下的中国创新动态三个方面对中国创新地理学的理论潜力进行评述,提出因中国创新中地理多样性、政府调控性和外生驱导性共同决定了中国研究对当今创新地理学创新的意义。最后总结认为当前世界观需要将中国纳入中心体系,以便更好的审查创新所表现出的多尺度、多过程嵌套反馈的辩证地理过程。     

文化地理学视角下的声景研究及相关进展

声景是文化景观的重要构成,在塑造地域文化个性、培育地方身份认知、确立居民地方感知等方面,具有特殊价值和独特优势.随着声景理念的不断推广,基于地理学视角对声景时空特征、空间意义和社会文化关联等方面的研究,不仅拓展和深化了文化地理学的研究内容,而且促进了地理学与声景学跨学科研究的融合发展.本文在对声景概念进行简单介绍的基础上,从声景的时空分异特征、声景与地方感知、声景与居民福祉、声景的社会文化关联、声景的地理实践应用、特殊音乐声景的地理学研究等6 个方面,对文化地理学视角下的声景研究进行了系统的回顾和梳理,并以此构建了地理学视角下声景研究的逻辑框架.在此基础上,对比分析了国内外地理学视角下声景研究的特点和差异.国内文化地理学以音乐现象为主要基点,并逐渐扩展到音乐之外的其他声音类型;国外学者在音乐地理学之外,相对系统地采纳了声景学的理念和方法,拓展了地理学视角下声景研究的方法和路径.研究结果对拓展文化地理学的研究内容,实现基于声景为研究对象的地理学与其他学科的融合发展具有一定意义.