A local approach to optimize the scale parameter in multiresolution segmentation for multispectral imagery

The results obtained using the object-based image analysis approach for remote sensing image analysis depend strongly on the quality of the segmentation step. In this paper, to optimize the scale parameter in a multiresolution segmentation, we analyse a high-resolution image of a large and heterogeneous agricultural area. This approach is based on using a set of agricultural plots extracted from official maps as uniform spatial units. The scale parameter is then optimized in each uniform spatial unit. Intra-object and inter-object heterogeneity measurements are used to evaluate each segmentation. To avoid subsegmentation, some oversegmentation is allowed, but is attenuated in a second step using the spectral difference segmentation algorithm. The statistical distribution of the scale parameter is not equal in all land uses, indicating the soundness of this local approach. A quantitative assessment of the results was also conducted for the different land covers. The results indicate that the spectral contrast between objects is larger with the local approach than with the global approach. These differences were statistically significant in all land uses except irrigated fruit trees and greenhouses. In the absence of subsegmentation, this suggests that the objects will be placed far apart in the space of variables, even if they are very close in the physical space. This is an obvious advantage in a subsequent classification of the objects.     

精密EDM三角高程测量中的折光改正实用方法

大气折光是影响精密EDM三角高程测量精度的主要因素,其对观测结果的影响必须通过利用折光系数进行折光改正的方式予以削减。本文介绍一种求折光系数的实用方法—综合反演法,可以直接利用对向EDM三角高程测量结果计算往测和返测的折光系数。     

A multi-band approach to unsupervised scale parameter selection for multi-scale image segmentation

Image segmentation is one of key steps in object based image analysis of very high resolution images. Selecting the appropriate scale parameter becomes a particularly important task in image segmentation. In this study, an unsupervised multi-band approach is proposed for scale parameter selection in the multi-scale image segmentation process, which uses spectral angle to measure the spectral homogeneity of segments. With the increasing scale parameter, spectral homogeneity of segments decreases until they match the objects in the real world. The index of spectral homogeneity is thus used to determine multiple appropriate scale parameters. The performance of the proposed method is compared to a single-band based method through qualitative visual interpretation and quantitative discrepancy measures. Both methods are applied for segmenting two images: a QuickBird scene of an urban area within Beijing, China and a Woldview-2 scene of a suburban area in Kashiwa, Japan. The proposed multi-band based segmentation scale parameter selection method outperforms the single-band based method with the better recognition for diverse land cover objects in different urban landscapes.     

测角网坐标平差模型的Bootstrap参数估计方法

针对线性最小二乘法处理非线性模型产生模型误差的问题,文章将高斯牛顿迭代法引入测角网坐标平差模型中,给出测角网坐标平差模型的高斯牛顿迭代法计算过程.考虑到非线性平差模型的参数估计值是有偏估计,结合Bootstrap重采样方法对参数估值进行改善,提出测角网坐标平差模型的Bootstrap参数估计方法,并给出详细的迭代流程图.针对等精度与不等精度角度观测数据,设计两个测角网案例.实验结果表明,测角网坐标平差模型的高斯牛顿迭代解法能够削弱线性近似带来的模型误差影响,其参数估值优于传统的线性近似方法;而测角网坐标平差模型的Bootstrap参数估计方法比高斯牛顿迭代解法在提高测角网坐标平差参数估值质量方面更加有效.实验证明将高斯牛顿迭代解法应用于测角网坐标平差模型的必要性与实用性,也证明将Bootstrap重采样参数估计方法与高斯牛顿迭代解法结合并用于测角网坐标平差的可行性与有效性.     

斜率法确定岭参数

岭估计的主要问题是选择合适的岭参数,本文分析和讨论了不同病态指标下,参数范数随岭参数的变化规律,提出了用斜率法确定岭参数。通过斜率法与L曲线法、LS估计的数字模拟结果显示,斜率法简单、直观,确定的岭参数合理。     

利用参数独立分解的星载SAR干涉测量检校方法

在星载干涉合成孔径雷达中,干涉参数的准确性对高程精度起着至关重要的作用。传统干涉测量检校方法往往将影响量级不同的干涉参数组合在一起解算,无法精确获得每项干涉参数的修正量。针对此问题,本文提出一种利用参数独立分解的干涉测量检校方法。首先,根据三维重建模型,确定与干涉SAR测高有关的参数;随后,在确保几何参数精度的前提下,对干涉参数的敏感度进行定量分析;最后,采用独立检校算法解算每一项干涉参数误差,完成干涉测量检校模型的建立。本文选择陕西渭南区域4对TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X数据进行了试验分析。结果表明,对于该试验数据,采用本文提出的参数独立分解方法,干涉测量检校后干涉结果的高程精度优于2.54 m,平原地区获取DEM的绝对高程精度优于1.21 m,山地地区获取DEM的绝对高程精度优于3.11 m,验证了本文方法的有效性和正确性,为我国平原及山区1∶25 000比例尺的干涉SAR地形图测绘提供了技术基础。     

大比例尺数字测图质量控制方法探讨

大比例尺数字测图正以其测图精度高、成图速度快等优势逐步取代传统的以平板为主的模拟测图.与传统的模拟测图相比,数字测图的质量控制关键点更多、内容与方法更为复杂.结合厦门市西北部测区2003年大比例尺数字图测绘工程的实施情况,就如何在数字测图的各个环节实施质量控制,确保最终数字测绘产品成果(DLG)的数据质量,进行探讨.     

利用最优正则化方法确定Tikhonov正则化参数

基于均方误差最小意义下运用最优正则化方法确定正则参数,推导了计算最优正则参数的公式,并结合算例分析比较了求解病态方程的L-曲线法、GCV法等常用的方法,算例表明,基于最小均方误差的Tikhonov正则化参数优化选取方法是一种可行有效的方法。     

Spatial representation in the social interaction potential metric: an analysis of scale and parameter sensitivity

The social interaction potential (SIP) metric measures urban structural constraints on social interaction opportunities of a metropolitan region based on the time geographic concept of joint accessibility. Previous implementations of the metric used an interaction surface based on census tracts and the locations of their centroids. This has been shown to be a shortcoming, as the metric strongly depends on the scale of the zoning system in the region, making it difficult to compare the SIP metric between metropolitan regions. This research explores the role of spatial representation in the SIP metric and identifies a suitable grid-based representation that allows for comparison between regions while retaining cost-effectiveness with respect to computational burden. We also report on findings from an extensive sensitivity analysis investigating the SIP metric’s input parameters such as a travel flow congestion factor and the length of the allowable time budget for social activities. The results provide new insights on the role of the modifiable areal unit problem in the computation of time geographic measures of accessibility.     

红外测距仪参数的监测与亏秩平差

本文讨论用秩亏自由网平差方法监测红外测距仪参数的漂移。首先证明以全组合法检测仪器参数的平差问题属亏秩平差范畴,然后讨论两种平差方法及相应的漂移显著性检验,并以算例说明具体实施步骤。结论是:只要充分注意监测精度,可以起到监测参数漂移的作用,从而减少例行的去专用基线场检测的各种耗费。     

BERNESE光压模型参数的统计分析

BERNESE Extended CODE Orbit Model(ECOM)光压模型是GPS精密定轨中广泛采用的一种光压模型,本文首先介绍了该光压模型构造,并分析了该模型对三种不同类型GPS卫星的适用性。为定性了解ECOM光压模型中各参数对精密定轨的影响,采用附加参数统计检验方法对九个模型参数定性进行了评价。本文结果说明,采用ECOM模型时,实际估计八个参数较为合理。     

一种改进的输电线模型参数求解方法

架空输电线三维空间模型是机载激光雷达电力巡检的基础.针对现有模型参数求解方法噪声点敏感、稳定性差等不足,在分析最小二乘法(LS)和随机一致性算法(RANSAC)性能的基础上,提出了一种改进的输电线模型参数求解方法,即LS-RANSAC.首先随机选择K个样本点以提高初始模型参数解精度;然后利用最小二乘法稳定性拟合初始模型...     

The problem of obtaining formulae for the refractive index of air for high-precision EDM

The causes which prevent an increase in the accuracy of the refractive indices for high-precision electronic distance measurements are described. It is shown that there is a large number of molecular resonances in the visible and IR spectrum which are due to practically all atmospheric components and not just the trace gases. It is also shown that in such conditions the Rayleigh, Lorentz-Lorenz and Sellmeier formulae need to be corrected. Methods for the correction and experimental testing are proposed. Received: 16 July 1996 / Accepted: 27 March 1997     

高原山区局部大地水准面精化方法研究

局部大地水准面精化的实质是精确计算出大地水准面的起伏变化情况。一般情况下,需要密度足够的重力数据,依重力异常密集计算大地水准面差距或高程异常。但是在大陆西部高原山区重力点密度是不够的,无法达到大地水准面精化的目的。本文从理论上证实了用地形和岩石密度数据进行局部大地水准面精化的可行性。     

融合光度参数估计的单目直接法视觉里程计

针对单目直接法视觉里程计在光照变化大的场景下定位精度低、定位鲁棒性差的问题,文中提出一种融合光度参数估计的单目直接法视觉里程计.首先通过对图像帧进行特征匹配实现特征跟踪,建立起图像像素点之间的关联,接着利用非线性优化方法进行光度参数估计,然后在光度参数估计提供的光度参数先验信息的基础上对图像灰度值进行校正,最后利用校正...     

EDMI测距房产面积测量精度估算方法的研究

本文研究了用EDM(电子测距)边长的精度估算方法;用等权代替法估算界址点最弱点的点位中误差;由坐标解析法界址点与面积的误差传播关系、导出了面积精度估算的具体计算公式。对于实际的房产面积精度的合理估算具有一定的现实意义和指导作用。     

复共线性对参数估计危害的度量及检验

本文针对测量平差实际,引进和发展参数估计的信噪比的概念,以度量复共线性对参数估计的危害及其大小,并将问题归结为一个统计假设检验问题,给出了检验统计量和检验方法。大量的模拟计算结果表明,运用该方法能够对每个参数的估计是否受到复共线性的危害及其危害的大小做出合理的判断。     

测距检定工作的一些体会

测距检定工作的开展涉及众多因素,本文结合成都标准基线场日常测距检定工作中遇到的一些问题,介绍了处理方法。并对如何进一步提升测距检定工作水平,以适应时代发展的要求,谈了一些思路。     

选权拟合与拟准检定

本文指出了拟准检定法和LEGE法的本质区别,分析了选权拟合法和拟准检定法各自的数学模型,发现拟准检定法是选权拟合法的一种特殊形式,于是,以选权拟合法原理为理论基础,推导了拟准检定真误差估值的计算公式。与以往的计算公式不同,其中的权使用了最小二乘改正数的权。但是由于可靠性矩阵是秩亏矩阵,改正数的权无法计算,所以直接采用观测值的权,此时,得到的公式才与以往的公式相同。     

一种选取补偿最小二乘正则化参数的改进方法

为了改进半参数模型补偿最小二乘估计中的正则化参数选取方法,该文设计了3种方案:L-曲线法、虚拟观测法以及该文提出的改进方法以比较正则化参数的优劣。模拟算例表明,该文提出的改进方法可以有效评价正则化参数,得到的参数估值精度更高,是一种较为有效的选取补偿最小二乘最佳正则化参数的方法。