黑斑口虾蛄(Oratosquilla Kempi Schmitt)配子发生的显微观察

观察黑斑口虾蛄Oratosquillakempi的精巢和卵巢 ,并对精、卵巢进行组织切片显微观察。结果表明 :黑斑口虾蛄的精巢由 1对很细的管状结构组成 ,精子发育可分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子等期 ,精子圆球形 ,无鞭毛。卵巢分左、右两叶 ,对称且相互粘连。卵细胞为多黄卵 ,卵母细胞发育分为未发育期、卵黄形成前期、卵黄形成期和成熟期 4期 ;在卵黄形成前期形成大的生发泡。卵巢发育分为未发育期、发育早期、发育期、成熟前期、成熟期和产卵后期 6期。     

中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育周期的组织学细胞学观察

于1989－1990年，用组织切片技术，结合外观特征，在光镜水平对浙北地区的中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育周期进行组织学、细胞学观察，并对从卵原细胞增殖到卵母细胞生长、卵子成熟及卵巢退化、重新发生等进行系统观察研究。研究表明，中华绒螯蟹可以观察到第一次成熟分裂中期相为成熟卵的标志，并以此标志将卵子发生分成四期、卵巢发育分成VII期。结果还表明，中华绒螯蟹雌蟹的成熟时间因所处的地理纬度不同而有所差异，浙北地区雌蟹促产怀卵的最佳时间是3月份并延至4月上旬；卵子必须借助海水及交配活动刺激才能达到成熟；因故无法产卵或一直生活在淡水中的成熟雌蟹其整个卵巢即退化，退化卵巢亦能重新发生，新生卵子的形态、发育时序与首次等待青春期蜕壳的蟹一致；孵后母蟹不仅能继续蜕壳生长，其卵巢也能重新发生，新生卵子的形态、发育时序如前一致；但在卵巢结构上彼此又有明显的区别。     

The Benthic Phase of the Life Cycle of Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan (Crustacea Decapoda) along the Southeastern Coast of the Mediterranean

Abstract. Recruitment, migration, growth and longevity of populations of Penaeus semisulcatus along the southeastern coast of the Mediterranean were investigated. The general pattern of the life cycle of P. semisulcatus and the parameters affecting it were identified.
Relative population density, measured by catch per unit effort, as well as relative age estimated by age group body length were used to study the pattern of the benthic phase of the life cycle.     

卤虫繁殖机制的研究——Ⅰ.卵子发育过程中染色体的变化

本文以卤虫的生殖细胞卵子作为材料进行染色体标本制备,具体研究了卤虫卵子在发育过程中染色体的变化,探讨致使孤雌生殖卤虫染色体自然加倍的可能途径,以及两性生殖卤虫卵子发生受精的具体地点。     

日本新糠虾(Neomysis japonica)卵巢发育与卵子发生

结合日本新糠虾雌性生殖系统的解剖特征和组织结构特点,首次对日本新糠虾卵巢发育及卵子发生进行分期,并对各期卵巢发育时间及卵巢长与体长间相互关系进行分析。结果表明,日本新糠虾雌性生殖系统由卵巢和输卵管组成。卵巢呈“H”形,分左右两叶,两叶间有呈近三角形横桥连接,横桥内侧为生殖上皮。卵巢实质不分叶,卵细胞由横桥向两侧卵巢迁出并逐渐发育变大。卵子的发生经历5个阶段,分别为卵原细胞、卵黄合成前期卵母细胞、内源性卵黄合成期卵母细胞、外源性卵黄合成期卵母细胞和成熟期。滤泡细胞随着卵细胞的迁移而迁移,卵细胞发育后期出现滤泡细胞与卵母细胞相融合现象。卵巢发育分为5个时期,分别为未分化期（以卵原细胞为主,约为孵化后的18d）、小生长期（以内源性卵黄合成期卵细胞为主,约为孵化后的22d）、大生长期（以外源性卵黄合成期卵细胞为主,约为孵化后的25d）、成熟期（以成熟卵细胞为主,约为孵化后的28d）和退化期（为排卵后卵巢,约为孵化后的32d）。退化期卵巢中未见有结缔组织增生,而实质中存在着大量早期卵细胞,滤泡细胞呈多层分布于卵细胞周围。输卵管自卵巢末端生出,开口于第6胸肢基部内侧腹甲上,随卵巢发育,管腔渐增大。日本新糠虾卵巢长与体长间有正相关。     

南美白对虾卵巢结构及发育的组织学研究

本文采用组织学方法研究南美白对虾的卵巢结构及其发育。结果表明：卵巢由卵巢壁、中央卵管和卵室组成：卵巢壁由外向内分为上皮层、肌层、基膜和分化上皮四部分；中央卵管分化出大量卵原细胞；卵室内含有不同发育阶段的卵母细胞。卵巢发育具有明显的体积与色泽的变化，根据外部形态和内部结构，可将其分为增殖期、小生长期、大生长期早期、将成熟期、成熟期和恢复期六个时期。     

Ovo-testis and disturbed reproductive cycle in the giant abalone, Haliotis madaka: possible linkage with organotin contamination in a site of population decline.

Histological examination of gonads as well as chemical analysis of organotin compounds in tissues of the giant abalone, Haliotis madaka, was conducted to evaluate possible endocrine disruption and to consider the causal factors for the decline of abalone stocks in Japan. Abalone specimens were collected from two different areas, Tsushima as a reference site and Jogashima as a site representative of declining abalone populations, each month from September 1995 to November 1996. Scores were given to the development stages of reproductive cells in the ovary and testis. The degree of sexual maturation was evaluated by calculating the mean value of a histogram of these scores for the reproductive cells of each abalone. The temporal variations in degree of sexual maturation showed that female and male abalone from Tsushima matured synchronously, while those from Jogashima did not. The observed maximum reproductive developmental score in abalone from Jogashima was much lower than that from Tsushima, because immature females were present at the former site throughout the spawing season. Approximately 20% of the abalone from Jogashima were masculinized females with an ovo-testis. The masculinization of female abalone was similar to the imposex, typically induced in other gastropod molluscs by tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) from antifouling paints. Concentrations of TBT and TPhT in the muscles of abalone from Jogashima (n = 83) of 4.9 +/- 4.4 ng/g wet wt and 6.3 +/- 6.6 ng/g wet wt, respectively, were significantly higher than those from Tsushima (n = 125) (P < 0.01) of 0.8 +/- 0.8 ng/g wet wt and 0.6 +/- 1.3 ng/g wet wt, respectively. In situ exposure of abalone from Tsushima caged near a dockyard in Jogashima for 7 months (from the immature to the mature stage) resulted in spermatogenesis in the ovary of approximately 90% of females. Endocrine disruption may be caused in the giant abalone by organotin compounds from antifouling paints, which are possibly one of the causal factors for the decline of Japanese abalone stocks.     

南海鸢乌贼中型群雄性个体肌肉和性腺组织能量积累及其分配

利用组织能量密度测定技术和残差指标分析方法, 分析了南海鸢乌贼中型群雄性个体肌肉组织和性腺组织的能量积累及其分配变化过程。结果显示, 胴体、尾鳍、足腕、精荚复合体、精巢等组织的能量密度值分别为21.16±1.44、21.98±1.51、21.44±1.50、20.83±1.70和21.41±1.70kJ?g ^-1。胴体和精荚复合体两组织的能量密度在不同性腺成熟度之间均存在显著性差异, 而尾鳍、足腕、精巢等3种组织的能量密度则在不同性腺成熟度之间均没有统计学差异。个体总能量积累为299.31±90.81kJ; 随着个体生长, 总能量积累呈现增加的趋势。胴体、足腕和尾鳍等肌肉组织的能量占比为95.31%~98.04%, 随着性腺发育呈现降低的趋势; 精巢和精荚复合体等性腺组织的能量总投入占比为2.63%~5.33%, 随着性腺发育呈增加的趋势, 并在Ⅴ期达到最大值。同时, 残差指标分析显示, 胴体、尾鳍、足腕等肌肉组织能量积累-胴长残差与性腺组织能量积累-胴长残差呈显著的正相关关系, 表明个体性腺发育过程中肌肉组织能量没有转化用于性腺组织的生长发育, 其生殖能量投入倾向于外源性投入。初步掌握了南海鸢乌贼中型群雄性个体肌肉和性腺组织能量的积累变化过程, 为深入了解它们的繁殖策略和为可持续开发利用该种类资源提供了科学基础。     

短沟对虾和斑节对虾酚氧化酶原基因的克隆和序列分析

采用RT-PER原理和长片段扩增技术克隆短沟对虾和斑节对虾酚氧化酶原基因。设计合成特异引物、提取血细胞总RNA，反转录后扩增获得的特异片段回收并克隆到pGEM-TEasyVector系统的T载体上，重组子进行碱基序列测定。结果表明，所克隆的短沟对虾酚氧化酶原基因含起始密码子A1B到终止密码子TGA的2055bp，编码684个氨基酸。斑节对虾酚氧化酶原基因含ATG到TGA的2061bp，编码686个氨基酸。短沟对虾酚氧化酶原推算分子量为78153Da，等电点pI为6．25；斑节对虾则为78581Da，pI为5．83，用DNA分析软件分析显示两种对虾酚氧化酶原基因具有高度的同源性，二者的碱基和推测的氨基酸序列同源性分别为93％和92％；对虾与其他节肢动物酚氧化酶原基因的同源性的高低与种类间亲缘关系相关；不同种类间酚氧化酶活性中心重要组成部分的2个铜结合位点、位于铜结合位点内的6个组氨酸以及与铜结合位点相邻的氨基酸序列高度保守。     

重金属Cu、Pb在泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)卵巢的蓄积特性及其对卵细胞发育的影响

采用静水法生物测试手段,研究了不同浓度梯度Cu、Pb(各0.00、0.10、0.25、0.50mg/L)随时间变化在泥鳅卵巢中的蓄积特性以及对卵细胞发育的影响。结果表明,泥鳅卵巢对Cu、Pb有较强的蓄积能力,在暴露期间20天内,蓄积量与时间呈线性关系,之后呈对数关系。其中,Cu的蓄积显著大于Pb(P0.01);卵巢中重金属的蓄积与水溶液中Cu、Pb的浓度梯度相关(P0.01),具有明显的时间效应和剂量效应。泥鳅卵巢中卵细胞的发育水平,亦与溶液重金属浓度的高低、暴露时间长短有关;在不同浓度重金属溶液中较长时间的暴露,将对卵巢及卵细胞的发育产生不可逆转的负效应。     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)foxl2基因功能初探及相关miRNA分析

foxl2在脊椎动物卵巢分化、发育和功能维持等方面具有重要作用,然而其在三疣梭子蟹(Por-tunus trituberculatus)卵巢发育中的功能尚不明确.本研究首先克隆了三疣梭子蟹foxl2(Ptfoxl2)基因cDNA全长序列,该基因5′和3′非编码区域(UTR)长度分别为701?bp和211?bp,开放阅读...     

Using oocyte size to assess seasonal ovarian development in Solea solea (L.)

Maximum oocyte size was used to assess seasonal ovarian development in sole. Fish age, especially the adolescent period, appeared to affect the start of vitellogenin-dependent oocyte development in the annual reproductive cycle and the subsequent oocyte growth rate. The majority of oocyte growth occurred between September and March. Several other aspects of ovarian development were also age-dependent, including the increase in ovary condition factor (ovary weight/fish length³) and the size of oocytes commencing nuclear migration. Evidence is presented that in the recruiting year class of sole abortive maturation occurs where oocytes develop yolk but spawning does not take place. The implications of this study on the estimation of female spawning stock biomass are discussed.     

Experimental investigation of thermal maturation on shale reservoir properties from hydrous pyrolysis of Chang 7 shale,Ordos Basin

Thermal maturity has a significant impact on hydrocarbon generation and the storage capacity within shales, but explicit and quantitative characterization of that impact on continental shales is scarce. To better understand how thermal maturation affects the organic and inorganic changes of the continental shale reservoirs, hydrous pyrolysis was performed to simulate the maturation process. TOC, Rock-Eval and adsorption isotherms tests were used to obtain various geochemical parameters of the shale solid residues. The results indicate that with pyrolysis temperature increasing from ambient temperature to 550 °C, the vitrinite reflectance increases from 0.5% to 2.5% Ro and the TOC (total organic carbon) loss weight reaches 25%. Regarding porosity, the fraction of micro-to meso-pores in the shale increases with an increase in the pyrolysis temperature, whereas the macro-pores do not change significantly. The total amount of gas adsorption does not necessarily increase as the TOC is consumed, but the gas adsorption capacity per unit of TOC increases with increasing thermal maturity. Our finding provides theoretical modelling for identifying shale gas development prospective zones according to thermal maturity mapping and for predicting quantitatively the geochemical and inorganic changes that occur with thermal evolution.     

养殖鲻鱼的性别比例及其性腺发育的研究

本文报道了在全雌鲻鱼培育过程中，未经激素处理的对照组鲻鱼雌雄性比例为2.5%和97.5%。在对照组精巢和卵巢发育分别处于精原细胞期和卵原细胞期，而实验组则进入小生长期。同时，还观察到两尾鲻鱼为雌雄同体，其中一尾以精巢为主，只存在少数小的卵原细胞，另一尾则以卵巢为主，精巢正在发育。文中还讨论了对照组雄性比例高可能的原因。     

阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)雌性成熟个体的有效繁殖力及有效生殖投入

为掌握阿根廷滑柔鱼繁殖特性,根据2021年在西南大西洋公海采集到的阿根廷滑柔鱼样本进行计数和分析雌性成熟个体有效繁殖力,并利用能量密度测定技术测定分析其有效生殖投入。结果显示,阿根廷滑柔鱼雌性成熟个体的平均胴长为(244.90±16.36) mm,平均体质量为(295.16±64.85) g。雌性成熟个体的有效繁殖力为24 363～102 633粒卵母细胞,平均有效繁殖力为(63 158.49±16 782.00)粒卵母细胞;卵子能量密度值为25.01～26.09kJ/g,平均值为(25.71±0.25)k J/g;有效生殖投入为219.80～817.06 kJ,平均有效生殖投入为(465.02±158.71)kJ。在功能性成熟期,雌性个体的有效繁殖力和有效生殖投入均达到最大值。然而,自成熟度Ⅳ期至Ⅵ期,卵子能量密度值、体质量相对有效繁殖力、体质量相对有效生殖投入均没有显著差异。同时,混合模型结果显示,雌性成熟个体的有效繁殖力和有效生殖投入均随着体质量增加显著增大,但与个体体征没有显著相关性。结果表明,阿根廷滑柔鱼雌性成熟个体的有效繁殖力和有效生殖投入均与成熟体型大小密切相关,然而不同...     

Puerto Rico: reconnaissance study of the maturation and source rock potential of an oceanic arc involved in a collision

Amount and type of organic matter present in Cretaceous and lower Tertiary rocks deposited on Puerto Rico were determined by total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, visual kerogen identification and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. These tests show that the samples commonly contain greater than 1% TOC, and a mixed population of kerogen, with gas-prone kerogen predominating.Based on organic maturity data (vitrinite reflectance, thermal alteration index and Rock-Eval pyrolysis), the maturation history of Puerto Rico is consistent with a two stage thermal model. Before the Oligocene, the island was part of an active magmatic arc. High geothermal gradients and rapid burial left Cretaceous rocks overmature and mature with respect to generated liquid hydrocarbons. After the Eocene, volcanism ceased following collision with the Bahama platform, and lower geothermal gradients combined with slower burial resulted in little maturation.     

Some observations on the reproductive biology of The sixgill shark Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) from southern African waters

Observations are made of the maturation status of 81 male and 88 female sixgill sharks Hexanchus griseus from southern African waters. Males mature at about 310 cm total length (TL) with the calcification of the terminal cartilage elements of the claspers. Determination of maturity for females was problematic, but most were fully mature by at least 420 cm TL. Newborns were captured at the same location over three consecutive summer seasons, indicating the location of a possible pupping ground.     

Reproduction of the giant jellyfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nemopilema nomurai</Emphasis> (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae), in 2006–2008 as peripherally-transported populations

This study investigated the sexual maturation process, release of spermatozoa or eggs and oocyte diameter of the rhizostomid medusae Nemopilema nomurai using samples collected from August 2006 to June 2008 from the waters around Korea and Japan, including peripheral areas outside the species’ usual habitat. Immature medusae were observed from June to October only in the western sector of the study area. The onset of spermatozoa and egg release occurred in September and October, respectively, and peaked in December and January. Medusae migrated eastward from source areas with the Tsushima Warm Current, where they formed gametes and spawned. Peak position and maximum oocyte diameter increased as the gonads developed according to the size-frequency distribution of oocytes. No fertilized eggs or embryos were found in the gonads. The correlation was analyzed with bell diameter, maximum oocyte diameter, sampling date, surface water temperature and gonad color to estimate which environmental factors and maturation indices were related to the maturation stage of females. Maturation stage correlated well with maximum oocyte diameter, which correlated negatively with surface water temperature. There was no significant correlation between bell diameter and maturation stage. Therefore, bell diameter was inappropriate for determining maturation index. Sex could not be distinguished clearly by gonad color. However, light pink gonads were more prevalent in males and various deep colors such as orange and brown were more frequent in female medusae.     

东黄海星康吉鳗渔业生物学特性研究

Whitespotted conger Conger myriaster is a commercially important species in the seas around China, Korea and Japan. The coastal waters of China serve as an important feeding ground for congers, but the spatio-temporal variations in the fishery and biological characteristics of the population have been rarely evaluated and less well understood in this area. We studied the growth, spawning and feeding characteristics of C. myriaster on the basis of samples collected from October 2016 to April 2017 in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. A total of 529 specimens were collected, with ages ranging from 1 to 6 years and total length ranging from 132 mm to 834 mm.The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth equation L_∞ and k were 1 026 mm and 0.226 a~(–1), respectively; the sex ratio was 88:0(female: male) in the East China Sea and 2.67:1 in the South Yellow Sea; the development stage of ovary ranged from peri-nucleolus stage to secondary yolk globule stage, and the testis of two males was at midmeiotic stage; Crustacean was the major prey for conger of small length, and food source shift to fish with somatic growth. The results showed substantial differences from previous studies in Japan and Korean waters, as well as from China seas in the 1980 s, suggesting potential spatiotemporal changes in the biological characteristics of C.myriaster. This study may improve current understanding of the fishery biology of C. myriaster in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.     

青弹涂鱼卵巢发育的组织学研究

目前关于青弹涂鱼（Scartelaos virids）的研究多数集中在胚胎和仔鱼发育等个体生物学研究上。本文研究广东省湛江海域中青弹涂鱼在性周期内卵母细胞的发育时相及卵巢结构的周年变化,揭示卵巢发育和卵母细胞的组织学发育规律。结果表明：湛江海域的青弹涂鱼卵母细胞在3月进入大生长期发育阶段,4—6月为繁殖盛期,7—8月为繁殖末期,10月卵巢基本修整完毕,进入Ⅱ恢复期。青弹涂鱼属于一次性产卵类型。在小生长期,卵核的体积较核质的体积增大快,核质比大;大生长期,随着卵黄物质的积累,卵母细胞体积快速增加,核质比下降。最后讨论青弹涂鱼卵膜结构及其生理机能,围核透明层,繁殖习性等问题。