凤翔流体台观测数据影响因素分析

从自然环境、人为因素和观测技术系统等方面总结凤翔井水位在日常观测中可能遇到的干扰因素,分析不同干扰因素对凤翔井水位观测数据产生的影响。结果表明,凤翔井水位的影响因素主要有气压、降雨、人为干扰和供电故障等。气压变化引起井水位变化主要表现为气压升高或降低,该井水位出现降低或升高;降雨对水位的影响通常表现为一个向上的脉冲变化;供电故障导致水位缺数,恢复供电后会产生突跳干扰;人为干扰会导致固体潮畸变;不同影响因素引起的干扰特征各不相同。本次研究不仅有助于水位的异常识别和干扰排除,同时还能够促进对地震前兆异常信息的有效提取。     

常熟地震台DSQ水管倾斜仪干扰分析

对常熟地震台DSQ水管倾斜仪3年多的资料进行初步分析,雷电降雨、气温突变、气压变化会使观测数据发生畸变,雷电干扰时观测数据产生台阶、脉冲,甚至仪器故障、水管换水会使观测数据产生较大幅度漂移,伸缩仪标定时的检修也会对水管仪产生干扰,停电后恢复供电会使数据产生漂移现象.     

库尔勒铁门关钻孔应变震前固体潮畸变现象分析

通过对库尔勒铁门关体应变3年的观测资料进行可靠性分析认为本台站资料达到了Ⅰ类台精度,干扰主要为气压效应和水位干扰,观测资料记录到的固体潮清晰.利用低通滤波和一阶差分的方法,可以识别出固体潮畸变.对识别出的48次固体潮畸变现象进行了统计,统计结果表明,6次畸变为干扰,13次近震前存在固体潮畸变现象,其余畸变发生在强远震前...     

长清地震台体应变观测干扰识别分析

对长清地震台多年来的体应变数字化观测资料进行了整理,对引起数据曲线发生畸变的干扰因素进行了分析识别及分类统计,认为造成体应变数据曲线畸变的因素主要有电源干扰、仪器本身问题、气压、降雨、雷电等气象因素干扰。这项工作将对台站人员及时识别干扰、提高数据资料利用率起到重要作用。     

阿克苏岩体断层形变观测影响因素分析

对阿克苏台岩体断层形变测量仪观测资料进行分析,雷电降雨、气温突变、气压变化会使观测数据发生畸变。雷电干扰在观测数据曲线上表现为台阶、脉冲,仪器故障和观测室架设其他仪器会造成观测数据产生较大幅度漂移,检修仪器和停电后恢复供电则导致数据曲线出现台阶和突跳变化。     

崇州地震台GM4型磁通门磁力仪典型干扰分析

崇州地震台安装GM4型磁通门磁力仪,观测数据变化中不时出现突跳、台阶等畸变现象,通过对记录曲线典型畸变形态分析,发现是围墙外车辆对GM4型磁力仪的干扰、远处大型工程机械进出或施工时产生的干扰和高压输电线的干扰。     

临汾地震台钻孔体应变观测资料分析

对临汾地震台钻孔体应变仪观测资料从数据完整率、年零漂、观测精度、噪声水平、典型干扰等方面进行系统分析,结果发现:仪器正常情况下,观测资料完整性、精度、稳定性均符合观测规范技术要求。最近几年,在每年6-9月出现的数据大幅度阶变及高频抖动畸变疑与雷雨季节、仪器老化、传感器故障有关。     

铁门关钻孔应变记录地震及其固体潮畸变特征

分析铁门关钻孔应变记录地震的空间分布、震级和震深特征,选取32组较明显的固体潮畸变现象进行研究,结果表明:钻孔应变固体潮畸变主要表现为外部环境干扰、强远震前畸变和同震响应3种类型。     

铁门关钻孔应变记录地震及其固体潮畸变特征

分析铁门关钻孔应变记录地震的空间分布、震级和震深特征,选取32组较明显的固体潮畸变现象进行研究,结果表明：钻孔应变固体潮畸变主要表现为外部环境干扰、强远震前畸变和同震响应3种类型。     

洞体形变数字化观测干扰分析

对山东省洞体形变数字化观测资料的干扰进行了分析讨论.分析认为:①山东省泰安,马陵山和烟台3个台形变观测资料的主要干扰是气象因子变化,观测环境变化和仪器故障;②气压,大风,降雨是导致观测资料出现异常变化的主要因素;气压的短周期突变可导致固体潮曲线畸变,大风引起固体潮曲线出现毛刺;降雨导致观测曲线趋势变化;③马陵山地震台垂直摆倾斜仪NS向能够清晰记录到附近地区塌方,爆破和小震引起的弹性形变波;④供电系统,传感器和数采器故障是导致观测数据丢失的最主要原因.     

Some applications of elastic notch theory to problems of geodynamics

Summary This paper is concerned with the behavior of surface features of the earth which are, or have been, acted on by a stress field. The theory used in this paper is that of classical elasticity. Mathematical models are made which represent perfectly elastic two-dimensional regions which have a notch (or protrusion as a reversed notch can be considered to be). The regions are assumed to be semi-infinite and the notch on the free surface. The loads, or boundary conditions, are then prescribed. The problem of determining the distribution of stress is then considered. Solutions to this problem are presented for the cases of a circular notch, a generalized circular notch and a type of notch whose mathematical representation is given parametrically. Using these solutions and applying a criterion for failure, it is possible to predict what the general trend of the faulting should be in an actual body which the model may represent. Possible applications to geological structures are indicated.     

面向海岛民居抗震性能评估的信息提取方法研究

我国海岛地震灾害特征明显,民居抗震性能评估是海岛防灾规划的重要内容。基于我国海岛民居特征分析,结合抗震性能评估的工作特点,本文总结了海岛民居抗震性能评估的数据需求,并针对需求提出了综合资料分析、现场调研和无人机航摄的数据获取方式,以及利用GIS、BIM和深度学习技术分析数据、提取信息的处理流程与体系,最终形成了面向海岛民居抗震性能评估的信息提取方法。该方法有助于海岛民居抗震性能评估工作,为海岛抗震防灾规划提供参考。     

Vertical movements of the Earth's crust on the continents

Vertical oscillating movements of the Earth's crust on continents have occurred and are occurring everywhere on the Earth's surface, continuously throughout the entire geological history of the Earth. This provides grounds to consider them as the basic type of tectonic movements, which form the general background of the tectogenetic process, on which locally, and only at separate moments of time, other tectonic movements and deformations appear.According to the time of occurrence, the vertical movements are divided into recent, young, modern, and ancient. In compliance with this subdivision, different methods are applied to define and study the movements. The major characteristic of the vertical movements is their rhythm, or periodic change in sign of movement, which caused them to be calledoscillating. Rhythms of movements are of several orders. The largest rhythms, which comprise tectonic cycles, are manifested on a global scale; smaller rhythms have a local distribution. It is significant that, in the beginning and in the end of each tectonic cycle, an increase of intensity and contrast of movements is observed, no matter in which region or regime, whether stable or mobile, it occurs.     

不等高输电塔线体系风致动力响应分析

以山区常用输电塔5A-ZBC2为基础,建立了山区的不等高输电塔线体系。考虑到高差的不断变化以及不同方向攻角风荷载的作用,运用随机模拟风振分析方法对其进行了分析。结果表明,位于山顶的输电塔顶位移均值最大;位于山坡的次之;而位于山底的最小。而对不平衡张力来说,位于山坡的塔所受的不平衡张力最大;位于山顶的塔次之;位于山底的塔最小。随着高差的增大,塔顶位移和不平衡张力增大。塔顶位移主要受导线风荷载影响,而塔顶速度和加速度与塔的一阶振型有关,导线振动与荷载激励相关。     

博兴洼陷西部沙三段有利储集砂体分布探讨

博兴洼陷油气勘探已进入隐蔽油气藏为主的勘探阶段,储集砂体的分布,尤其是能够形成地层岩性油藏的有利储集砂体的分布,是油气勘探的关键.研究区主要发育有浊积扇、辫状三角洲前缘和近岸水下扇三种类型的储集砂体,其中浊积扇扇体是岩性圈闭勘探的最有利砂体.通过已发现油气藏的地层位置分析,发现MSC8、MSC7、MSC6、MSC5、MSC2旋回的上升半旋回是有利储集砂体发育的主要层段,浊积扇砂体发育,且具有有利的油气成藏条件.平面上,MSC8旋回的有利储集砂体主要发育在高青断层东南侧的狭长区域内,MSC5、MSC6、MSC7旋回的有利储集砂体发育在坡折带之下的洼陷区.综合上述分析,预测了坡折带下部洼陷区、高青断裂下降盘和高24-高27井间区域3个岩性和构造-岩性圈闭勘探有利区.     

Peralkaline acid volcanic rocks of oceanic islands

Occurrences of peralkaline acid volcanic rocks on oceanic islands are reviewed. Peralkaline differentiates are usually associated with mildly alkaline or transitional basalts and often with related sodic intermediate rocks. A compositional gap between basaltic and salic rocks is not invariably present. Although a comenditic end member is more usual in the oceanic suites, pantellerites are particularly well developed on Socorro Island and also on Gran Canaria where they form extensive ignimbrite sheets. There may be a genetic distinction between peralkaline rocks of islands which lie near the crests of oceanic rises and those which are built on broad submarine plateaux.     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of rill flow on steep slopes

Rill erosion is a dominant sediment source on sloping lands. However, the amount of soil loss from rills on steep slopes is vastly more than that on gentle slopes because of differences in rill shape and hydraulic patterns. The aims of this paper are to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of rills and the friction coefficients in steep slope conditions and to propose modifications of some hydraulic parameters used in soil loss prediction models. A series of inflow experiments was conducted on loess slopes. The results show that the geometric and hydraulic properties of rill on the steep loess slopes, which are characterized by the mean width of cross sections, mean velocity and mean depth of flow, are related to discharge and slope gradient in power functions. However, the related exponents to discharge are 0.26, 0.48 and 0.26, respectively, which are different from the exponents derived in previous studies, which were conducted on gentle slopes. The Manning roughness coefficient ranged from 0.035 to 0.071, with an average of 0.0536, and the Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficients varied from 0.4 to 1.9. The roughness coefficients are closely related to the Reynolds numbers and flow volumes; however, the correlations vary with slope gradient. The roughness coefficients are directly proportional to the Reynolds number and the flow volume on steep slopes, in contrast with the roughness coefficients found on gentle slopes, which decrease as the Reynolds number and flow volume increase. This difference is caused by the interactions among the hydraulics of the flow, the shape of the rills and the sediment concentrations on steep slopes. The results indicate that parameters used in models to predict rill erosion have to be modified according to slope gradient. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

简析山西临汾地震台短水准跨断层测站的识别与判定

为了正确判断山西临汾地震台所监测的罗云山断裂带通过短水准测线的具体位置,利用测线剖面图、高差月均值图等方法,对其进行了简要的分析和研究。认为,临汾台短水准BM4—BM1测段的2-3测站(2测站)跨越断层。这对于临汾台短水准捕捉地震前兆信息有着积极的意义。     

New evidence for the composition and structure of volcanic complexes on Cape Nalycheva and the Shipunskii Peninsula, Kamchatka

Studies carried out on Cape Nalycheva provided new data on the composition of the volcanic complexes that compose it. The volcanic rocks are of island arc origin and belong to the moderate-potassium calcalkali series. Comparing the character of volcanism on Cape Nalycheva and on the Shipunskii Peninsula with the well-known complexes on the Kamchatskii Mys and Kronotskii peninsulas (which are northern fragments of the Kronotskii paleoarc), we find considerable differences, which probably reflect the heterogeneity of the base on which the Kronotskii arc originated.     

The formation of ice sails

Debris-covered glaciers are prone to the formation of a number of supraglacial geomorphological features, and generally speaking, their upper surfaces are far from level surfaces. Some of these features are due to radiation screening or enhancing properties of the debris cover, but theoretical explanations of the consequent surface forms are in their infancy. In this paper we consider a theoretical model for the formation of “ice sails”, which are regularly spaced bare ice features which are found on debris-covered glaciers in the Karakoram.