河北丰宁中生代晚期昆虫群落与生态地层的初步研究

在对河北丰宁森吉图地区一条中生代晚期地质剖面进行生态地层研究的基础上,建立了６个昆虫化石群落,恢复了它们所代表的环境,并对相应的生态地层剖描述,作出了生态地层柱状图、该生态地层剖面由２个昆虫群落带、２个间隔带和１个昆虫化石组合层构成。生态地层划分的结果显示了中生代晚期在冀北许多地区具有代表性的盆地学演变的一般模式,古地理分析表明森吉图地区在古生代晚期温暖的气候条件下共经历了４个演化阶段。     

秦岭三叠纪古海盆的生态地层、生物古地理特征及其演化

本文在对西秦岭4条剖面进行生态地层研究的基础上,通过生态地层对比揭示了三叠纪秦岭海盆进化的一般模式和海平面变化的细节。古生物地理分析表明:三叠纪时,秦岭北侧属于温带生物区系,秦岭南部属于热带-亚热带生物区系。秦岭各区与邻区之间生物相似性系数研究表明,秦岭三叠纪海盆具有一定的宽度和深度,但不是宽广的大洋。     

Oligocene biogeography of the North Pacific (Implications of Mollusks)

First biogeographic maps are proposed for the late Eocene-Oligocene of the North Pacific. The maps are compiled based on distribution of 120 molluscan species studied in 30 reference sections of the region. The analyzed Machigar (Sakhalin), Rategin, Amanina-Gakh (western Kamchatka), Asagai-Momidziyama (Japan) type assemblages and their age analogues are well known and described long ago. Over 50 schematic biogeographic maps illustrate distribution areas of different taxa in the late Eocene, early Oligocene, and late Oligocene epochs. Some of them characterize distribution areas of individual species, while the others depict habitat areas of typical (Machigar and Rategin) assemblages or certain genera different in terms of their thermotropism. Analysis of the maps resulted in recognition of the Japan-Kamchatka and Kamchatka-North American paleoprovinces, and indications of general gradual seawater temperature decrease during the Oligocene are defined. The attention is paid to the commenced diversification of North Pacific biota that leads to formation of boreal communities and also to different-rank the amphipacific dusjunctions.     

生态地层填图方法 在1∶5万区域地质调查中的应用

通过 1∶5万生态地层填图试点 ,总结了生态地层剖面测制、生态地层基本填图单元———群落的建立以及生态地层填图的具体步骤和工作方法。将研究区内作为生态地层填图试验的以泥盆系为主的沉积地层划分为 12个古生物群落 ,通过填图查明了各群落空间展布及时限 ,提高了地层划分对比的精度。     

High energy coralgal-stromatolite frameworks from Holocene reefs (Tahiti, French Polynesia)

Drill cores from Holocene reefs on Tahiti (French Polynesia) reveal a framework composed of massive branching acroporids encrusted by coralline algae associated with sessile vermetid gastropods and arborescent foraminifers. Laminated micritic crusts form coatings over coral branches or, more commonly, over related encrusting organisms throughout the cored reef sections; these crusts appear as a major structural and volumetric component of the reef framework. The microbial nature of these micritic crusts is inferred from their typical organic growth forms and geometry, the occurrence of microbial remains and stable isotope measurements. The reef communities accumulated at depths less than 5 m below mean sea level in a high energy environment throughout vertical growth from 7140 ± 170 yr bp to the present. The nature of the involved benthic communities, stable isotope data and high calcification rates of microbially encrusted corals strongly suggest that local environmental conditions have been optimal for reef development for the last 7000 years. The causes of the predominance of microbial communities over actual encrusters (red algae, foraminifers) remain problematic and could be related to short term fluctuations in ecological parameters. Microbial micritic crusts seemingly played a prominent role in protecting the coralgal colonies from bioeroders and grazers and, possibly, in strengthening the framework, due to rapid lithification. The record of similar microbial crusts in other Quaternary reef tracts suggests that microbial communities may have played a more prominent role in Quaternary reefs than presently recognized.     

Correspondence analysis applied to a comparison of some rhyolitic zones in the Noranda area (Quebec, Canada)

Correspondence analysis was applied to 177 chemical analyses (major elements) of rocks from some rhyolitic zones of the Noranda area (Quebec). The objective was to grade the individual sample sections with respect to their attractiveness considering the chemical alterations related to mineralization. The results obtained show that it is possible to differentiate sections from different rhyolitic horizons.     

华北地台区东部晚古生代小有孔虫动物群发育特征

本文研究了华北地台区东部辽宁、山东、山西、河南和安徽太原组地层中的小有孔虫37属127种,进行了群落分析。从沉积学角度,华北的石炭——二叠系可大致划分5个沉积体系,其中的潮坪—海湾体系和滨岸浅海体系,构成了小有孔虫繁衍发育的主要场所。从群落的角度讲,这也就是华北地台晚石炭世至早二叠小有孔虫动物群的两大生态底域位置,分别称为局限海湾生态域G和正常浅海生态域SH。自晚石炭世至早二叠世,局限海湾生态域先后孕育了小有孔虫群落G-Ia-G-M;正常浅海生态域先后孕育了小有孔虫群落SH-Ia—SH-V。群落组成受生态与演化双重因素控制,正成分描述时,参考了前人资料,建议并使用了如下术语:（1）特征分子,包括窄时分子和窄相分子;（2）遍布分子,包括广时分子和广相分子;（3）递变分子,包括异地分子或孑遗分子;（4）优势分子。本文还分析了华北地区晚石炭世至早二叠世小有孔虫演化的5个阶段。     

Impacts of Coastal Development on the Ecology of Tidal Creek Ecosystems of the US Southeast Including Consequences to Humans

Upland areas of southeastern United States tidal creek watersheds are popular locations for development, and they form part of the estuarine ecosystem characterized by high economic and ecological value. The primary objective of this work was to define the relationships between coastal development, with its concomitant land use changes and associated increases in nonpoint source pollution loading, and the ecological condition of tidal creek ecosystems including related consequences to human populations and coastal communities. Nineteen tidal creek systems, located along the southeastern US coast from southern North Carolina to southern Georgia, were sampled in the summer, 2005 and 2006. Within each system, creeks were divided into two primary segments based upon tidal zoning—intertidal (i.e., shallow, narrow headwater sections) and subtidal (i.e., deeper and wider sections)—and then watersheds were delineated for each segment. Relationships between coastal development, concomitant land use changes, nonpoint source pollution loading, the ecological condition of tidal creek ecosystems, and the potential impacts to human populations and coastal communities were evaluated. In particular, relationships were identified between the amount of impervious cover (indicator of coastal development) and a range of exposure and response measures including increased chemical contamination of the sediments, increased pathogens in the water, increased nitrate/nitrite levels, increased salinity range, decreased biological productivity of the macrobenthos, alterations to the food web, increased flooding potential, and increased human risk of exposure to pathogens and harmful chemicals. The integrity of tidal creeks, particularly the headwaters or intertidally dominated sections, was impaired by increases in nonpoint source pollution associated with sprawling urbanization (i.e., increases in impervious cover). This finding suggests that these habitats are valuable early warning sentinels of ensuing ecological impacts and potential public health and flooding risk from sprawling coastal development. The results also validate the use of a conceptual model with impervious cover thresholds for tidal creek systems in the southeast region.     

Upper Cretaceous sediments in the Russian Plate: Sequence stratigraphy and Milankovitch cycles

The paper discusses integrated sequence-cyclostratigraphic analysis of Upper Cretaceous sediments based on 9 sections in the Russian Plate (the Voronezh Anteclise and the Ulyanovsk-Saratov Basin). Tracts (transgressive and highstand) were for the first time recognized in sections of this region and compared with member-by-member subdivision, bed rhythmites, and Milankovitch cycles indicating their orders. Certain rhythmites and the Milankovitch cycles, which produced them, were tied to the Cyclostratigraphic Scale of the Upper Cretaceous sediments. Data on paleogeographic sedimentation environments, such as sedimentation depth, temperature, sedimentation rate, etc. and paleocoenoses are presented and paleogeographic models of rhythmic structure formation were reconstructed.     

Environmental factors controlling the spatiotemporal distribution of microbial communities in a coastal, sandy aquifer system (Doñana, southwest Spain)

Currently, aquifers are considered to be ecosystems that interchange materials and energy with other systems located in their surroundings. The aquifer system of Doñana (southwest Spain) has been studied over recent decades from a hydrogeological point of view, although nothing is known about its biological or ecological aspects. In order to describe the general characteristics of its microbial communities, bacterial abundance, cell biomass, bacterial biomass and microbial activities of functional groups were investigated by sampling, over a 2-year period, 13 wells located in the vicinity of four very productive shallow lakes in the most superficial part of this coastal, sandy aquifer system. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated differences in abundance and biomass variables among sampling locations, seasons and sampling locations × seasons. Principal component analysis showed that temperature and dissolved oxygen appeared to be the most important factors controlling the temporal variability of microbial communities. Hydrological connectivity between surface water and groundwater was important in the control of the spatiotemporal distribution of microbial communities. Due to this hydrological connection, the aquifer system and the wetlands constitute a unique entity, a unique ecosystem, called the “hydroecosystem”, where microbial communities could play a central ecological role.